Pre-decannulation flexible bronchoscopy in tracheostomized children.

Objectives: This study was aimed to evaluate the utility and benefits of flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FFB) prior to tracheostomy decannulation.

Methods: Besides demographic data, initial cause of tracheostomy, primary diagnosis, pre-tracheostomy and pre-decannulation bronchoscopic findings and duration of tracheostomy were collected from medical charts. The type of active intervention following bronchoscopy and outcome after decannulation were recorded.

New developments in the management of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma - the role of ixazomib.

Ixazomib is the first oral proteasome inhibitor to be approved, in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone, for the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma who have received at least one prior therapy. Approval was on the basis of results from the phase 3, double-blind, placebo-controlled TOURMALINE-MM1 study, which demonstrated a 35% improvement in progression-free survival with the all-oral combination of ixazomib plus lenalidomide-dexamethasone versus lenalidomide-dexamethasone alone (median: 20.6 vs 14.

Disseminated sepsis as presenting diagnosis of X-linked agammaglobulinaemia in a previously well 16-month-old child.

We report a previously healthy 16-month-old child who presented to us with membranous pharyngitis and ecthyma gangrenosum. In this patient, was isolated from throat swab, cerebrospinal fluid, skin swab, urine, blood and synovial fluid in a single admission. In further workup, this child was diagnosed as a case of X-linked agammaglobulinaemia.

Chitosan: A macromolecule as green corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in sulfamic acid useful for sugar industry.

The present investigation aims at investigation of low cost nontoxic carbohydrate biopolymer chitosan as corrosion inhibitor alone and in combination with KI for mild steel in 1M sulfamic acid medium using gravimetric, electrochemical and surface analysis techniques. It is found that chitosan alone exhibits inhibition efficiency of 73.8% at 200ppm concentration.

Dose and Schedule Selection of the Oral Proteasome Inhibitor Ixazomib in Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma: Clinical and Model-Based Analyses.

Background: The oral proteasome inhibitor ixazomib has been approved by regulatory authorities around the world, including in the United States and the European Union, for the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) who have received at least one prior therapy, based on the pivotal phase III TOURMALINE-MM1 study.

Objective: The objective of this study was to quantitatively characterize the benefit-risk profile of ixazomib in relapsed/refractory MM in support of the approved dose and schedule.

Methods: We report early-phase study data and exposure-response analyses of TOURMALINE-MM1 data that support the selection of the recommended ixazomib dose and schedule.

Effects of Strong CYP3A Inhibition and Induction on the Pharmacokinetics of Ixazomib, an Oral Proteasome Inhibitor: Results of Drug-Drug Interaction Studies in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors or Lymphoma and a Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Analysis.

At clinically relevant ixazomib concentrations, in vitro studies demonstrated that no specific cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme predominantly contributes to ixazomib metabolism. However, at higher than clinical concentrations, ixazomib was metabolized by multiple CYP isoforms, with the estimated relative contribution being highest for CYP3A at 42%. This multiarm phase 1 study (Clinicaltrials.

A Phase 1 Study to Assess the Relative Bioavailability of Two Capsule Formulations of Ixazomib, an Oral Proteasome Inhibitor, in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors or Lymphoma.

The oral proteasome inhibitor ixazomib is approved in multiple countries in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone for the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma who have received at least 1 prior therapy. Two oral capsule formulations of ixazomib have been used during clinical development. This randomized, 2-period, 2-sequence crossover study (Clinicaltrials.

Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III study of ixazomib plus lenalidomide-dexamethasone in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma: China Continuation study.

Background: The China Continuation study was a separate regional expansion of the global, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized phase III TOURMALINE-MM1 study of ixazomib plus lenalidomide-dexamethasone (Rd) in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) following one to three prior therapies.

Methods: Patients were randomized (1:1) to receive ixazomib 4.0 mg or placebo on days 1, 8, and 15, plus lenalidomide 25 mg on days 1-21 and dexamethasone 40 mg on days 1, 8, 15, and 22, in 28-day cycles.

Diagnostic evaluation of mediastinal lesions: Analysis of 144 cases.

Background: Mediastinum is a "Pandora's box" with many neoplastic and nonneoplastic lesions. The purpose of this study was to analyze our institutional experience of mediastinal lesions on fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and/or biopsy.

Materials And Methods: This study was an analysis of 144 patients who had undergone ultrasound-guided FNAC and/or core biopsy for mediastinal lesions.

Metal-Free Oxidation of Glycerol over Nitrogen-Containing Carbon Nanotubes.

Nitrogen rich carbon nanotubes have been used as a metal free catalyst for the conversion of glycerol into dihydroxyacetone using tert-butyl hydroperoxide as an oxidant. Pyridine nitrogen groups embedded in a carbon matrix are identified as active sites for the reaction. Computational studies have demonstrated that oxidation of pyridine groups to pyridine oxime followed by hydrogen abstraction from secondary alcohol is likely responsible for the oxidation process.

A phase 1/2 study of the oral proteasome inhibitor ixazomib in relapsed or refractory AL amyloidosis.

This phase 1/2 study assessed the safety, tolerability, and preliminary efficacy of the oral proteasome inhibitor (PI) ixazomib in patients with relapsed/refractory immunoglobulin light chain (AL) amyloidosis. Ixazomib was administered to adult patients with relapsed/refractory AL amyloidosis after 1 or more prior lines of therapy (including bortezomib) on days 1, 8, and 15 of 28-day cycles, for up to 12 cycles. Patients with less than partial response after 3 cycles received oral dexamethasone (40 mg, days 1-4) from cycle 4.

Management of adverse events associated with ixazomib plus lenalidomide/dexamethasone in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma.

The oral proteasome inhibitor ixazomib is approved in the United States, European Union and other countries, in combination with oral lenalidomide and dexamethasone (Rd), for the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma who have received at least one prior therapy. Approval was based on the global, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase III TOURMALINE-MM1 study of ixazomib-Rd (IRd) versus placebo-Rd in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. IRd resulted in a significant improvement in progression-free survival versus placebo-Rd (median: 20·6 vs.

Evaluation of the effect of three innovative recyling methods on the shear bond strength of stainless steel brackets-an in vitro study.

Background: Orthodontists are commonly faced with the decision of what to do with debonded or inaccurately positioned brackets. An economical option to this dilemma is to recycle the brackets. Many recycling methods have been proposed, but the optimal bond strength of these recycled brackets needs further evaluation.

Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Bortezomib in Pediatric Leukemia Patients: Model-Based Support for Body Surface Area-Based Dosing Over the 2- to 16-Year Age Range.

This population analysis described the pharmacokinetics of bortezomib after twice-weekly, repeat-dose, intravenous administration in pediatric patients participating in 2 clinical trials: the phase 2 AALL07P1 (NCT00873093) trial in relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia and the phase 3 AAML1031 (NCT01371981) trial in de novo acute myelogenous leukemia. The sources of variability in the pharmacokinetic parameters were characterized and quantified to support dosing recommendations. Patients received intravenous bortezomib 1.

Ag/AgO Nanoparticles Grown via Time Dependent Double Mechanism in a 2D Layered Ni-PCP and Their Antibacterial Efficacy.

A simple synthesis route for growth of Ag/AgO nanoparticles (NPs) in large quantitative yields with narrow size distribution from a functional, non-activated, Ni (II) based highly flexible porous coordination polymer (PCP) as a template has been demonstrated. This template is a stable storage media for the NPs larger than the pore diameters of the PCP. From EPR study it was concluded that NPs were synthesized via two mechanisms i.

Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Ixazomib, an Oral Proteasome Inhibitor, Including Data from the Phase III TOURMALINE-MM1 Study to Inform Labelling.

Ixazomib is an oral proteasome inhibitor, approved in USA, Canada, Australia and Europe in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone, for the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma who have received at least one prior therapy. We report a population pharmacokinetic model-based analysis for ixazomib that was pivotal in describing the clinical pharmacokinetics of ixazomib, to inform product labelling. Plasma concentration-time data were collected from 755 patients who received oral or intravenous ixazomib in once- or twice-weekly schedules in ten trials, including the global phase III TOURMALINE-MM1 study.

Disseminated Cryptococcosis in an Immunocompetent Toddler.

Background: Immunodeficient children are more prone for invasive cryptococcal infections.

Case Characteristics: A 2-year-old boy with disseminated cryptococcosis was evaluated for underlying immunodeficiency without success.

Intervention/outcome: Child was managed successfully.

Ankle valgus following non-vascularized fibular grafts in children-an outcome evaluation minimum two years after fibular harvest.

Background: The literature on ankle valgus development after procuring non-vascularised fibular grafts in children is still scanty. The non-vascularised fibular graft has distinction of fibular regeneration occurring at the donor site.

Material And Methods: We retrospectively analysed the valgus deformities at the donor leg following harvest of non-vascularised fibular graft to determine the various contributing factors in growing children.

Refractory pediatric cardiogenic shock: A case for mechanical support.

Acute left ventricular dysfunction in children justifies aggressive treatment because of the high potential for complete recovery. The options for providing mechanical support to the failing heart in a child include extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, left ventricular assist devices, and the use of the intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP). The IABP is a commonly used method of temporary circulatory support in adults.

Hypersensitivity with Inhalational Budesonide: An Under Recognised Entity.

Hypersensitivity reactions are commonly encountered with drugs such as beta lactams, sulphonamides, allopurinol etc., Corticosteroids are frequently employed in the treatment of drug induced allergic reactions. Therefore, it is highly unlikely that a corticosteroid itself may cause such a reaction as an adverse effect.

Feasibility and efficacy of gentamicin for treating neonatal sepsis in community-based settings: a systematic review.

Background: Neonatal sepsis is a leading cause of neonatal deaths in developing countries. The current recommended in-hospital treatment is parenteral ampicillin (or penicillin) and gentamicin in young infants for 10- 14 days; however, very few could access and afford. The current review is to evaluate the feasibility of gentamicin in community based settings.

Thoracoscopic evaluation of 129 cases having undiagnosed exudative pleural effusions.

Background: Medical thoracoscopy is a minimally invasive procedure used in diagnostic and therapeutic applications for pleural diseases. In this study, we describe our experience in the outcome and analysis of thoracoscopy in undiagnosed pleural effusion presenting to our center.

Materials And Methods: This is a prospective study conducted over last 2 years.