A comparison of different dosing regimen of intravenous paracetamol for hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus closure in premature neonates <32 weeks: a prospective observational study.

Objective: To compare the efficacy of low vs conventional dose intravenous paracetamol in early closure of haemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus within 7 days of life.

Methods: Preterm infants (<32 weeks of gestation) having echocardiographic evidence of hsPDA were given low dose (15 mg/kg initially followed by 7.5 mg/kg every 6 hourly) vs conventional dose (15 mg/kg every 6 hourly) for 5-7 days.

Comparison of WHO-UMC and Naranjo Scales for Causality Assessment of Reported Adverse Drug Reactions.

Objectives: The 2 most commonly used scales worldwide are the World Health Organization-Uppsala Monitoring Centre (WHO-UMC) and the Naranjo scales. The present study was planned to assess the degree of agreement between the 2 scales when the same adverse drug reactions (ADR) were assessed by 5 raters independently.

Methods: One hundred individual case safety reports were selected randomly from the ADR database of our institute and the details were emailed to 5 different experts (raters), who were DM Clinical Pharmacology residents from different institutes in India.

Contrast-enhanced 4D-MRI for internal target volume generation in treatment planning for liver tumors.

Background: Liver tumors are often invisible on four-dimensional commuted tomography (4D-CT). Imperfect imaging surrogates are used to estimate the tumor motion. Here, we assessed multiple 4D magnetic resonance (MR) binning algorithms for directly visualizing liver tumor motion for radiotherapy planning.

Isolation and characterization of a novel hydrocarbonoclastic and biosurfactant producing bacterial strain: RP3.

In this study, an indigenous novel hydrocarbonoclastic (kerosene and diesel degrading) and biosurfactant producing strain  RP3 was identified. The characteristics of bacterial strain were ascertained through its unique morphological and biochemical attributes, 16S RNA sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis. The degradation of hydrocarbons by  RP3 was observed at Day 7, Day 10 and Day 14 of the experimental duration.

Persistent Muscle Twitching With Phenobarbitone in a Preterm Neonate-Lack of Response or Manifestation of Toxicity?

Background: Phenobarbitone is frequently used for the treatment of seizures in neonates, but it has a narrow therapeutic index.

Case Presentation: A 28-week preterm infant born of vaginal delivery developed signs and symptoms suggestive of ventriculitis on day 9. After an episode of clonic seizures on day 11, phenobarbitone was administered intravenously at a loading dose of 20 mg/kg followed by maintenance doses of 6 mg/kg per day in 2 divided doses for 5 days.

Hypersensitivity with Inhalational Budesonide: An Under Recognised Entity.

Hypersensitivity reactions are commonly encountered with drugs such as beta lactams, sulphonamides, allopurinol etc., Corticosteroids are frequently employed in the treatment of drug induced allergic reactions. Therefore, it is highly unlikely that a corticosteroid itself may cause such a reaction as an adverse effect.

Pharmacological Properties and Therapeutic Potential of Naringenin: A Citrus Flavonoid of Pharmaceutical Promise.

Naringenin chemically known as 5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chroman-4-one is a common dietary polyphenolic constituent of the citrus fruits. It has received considerable attention for pharmaceutical and nutritional development due to potent pharmacological activities and therapeutic potential. Accruing evidence from both in vitro and in vivo studies have unraveled numerous biological targets along with complex underlying mechanisms suggesting possible therapeutic applications of naringenin in various neurological, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, rheumatological, metabolic and malignant disorders.

Febuxostat ameliorates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats.

The clinical use of doxorubicin is associated with dose limiting cardiotoxicity. This is a manifestation of free radical production triggered by doxorubicin. Therefore, we evaluated the efficacy of febuxostat, a xanthine oxidase inhibitor and antioxidant, in blocking cardiotoxicity associated with doxorubicin in rats.

Preclinical evidence for the pharmacological actions of naringin: a review.

Naringin, chemically 4',5,7- trihydroxyflavanone-7-rhamnoglucoside, is a major flavanone glycoside obtained from tomatoes, grapefruits, and many other citrus fruits. It has been experimentally documented to possess numerous biological properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic activities. In vitro and in vivo studies have further established the usefulness of naringin in various preclinical models of atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disorders, diabetes mellitus, neurodegenerative disorders, osteoporosis, and rheumatological disorders.

Syzygium cumini ameliorates insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction via modulation of PPAR, dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, and TNF-α in type 2 diabetic rats.

Syzygium cumini (SC) is well known for its anti-diabetic potential, but the mechanism underlying its amelioration of type 2 diabetes is still elusive. Therefore, for the first time, we investigated whether SC aqueous seed extract (100, 200, or 400 mg/kg) exerts any beneficial effects on insulin resistance (IR), serum lipid profile, antioxidant status, and/or pancreatic β-cell damage in high-fat diet / streptozotocin-induced (HFD-STZ) diabetic rats. Wistar albino rats were fed with HFD (55% of calories as fat) during the experiment to induce IR and on the 10th day were injected with STZ (40 mg/kg, i.

Safety of single-dose nevirapine for prevention of vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus infection.

Introduction: Nevirapine administered as a single dose each to the mother and child within 72 h after birth is used to prevent vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) under the prevention of parent to child transmission of HIV program (PPTCT). The efficacy of nevirapine in this regard has been proved beyond doubt, but there are unresolved questions about its safety. Hence, the primary objective of this study was to evaluate the safety of this regime.

Severe irritant contact dermatitis induced by povidone iodine solution.

Albeit uncommon occurrence, irritant contact dermatitis induced by povidone iodine can be an unfortunate adverse reaction complicating its use as an antiseptic. We hereby present the case report of a patient who suffered such a reaction as a result of exposure to povidone iodine, employed as an antiseptic during spinal anesthesia. On conservative management with soframycin ointment, the lesions resembling chemical burns healed in a month without extensive scarring or other complications.