Pediatric Atypical Teratoid Rhabdoid Tumor of Central Nervous System: A Case Series with Review of Literature.

Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) of the central nervous system (CNS) is the rare, aggressive malignant neoplasm of infancy and early childhood and relatively rare in adults. Patients with ATRT typically follow a dismal course. Because of its rarity and rapid course and poor prognosis, there has been no consensus as to the optimal treatment of this tumor.

Discovery of a novel species of the genus Perionyx Perrier, 1872 (Clitellata: Megascolecidae) from Manipur, North-Eastern Region, India.

The study introduces a new species, Perionyx browantlerus Tiwari & Yadav sp. nov. identified in the north-eastern region of India, particularly in Manipur State.

Three Novel Species of Earthworms of Genus Metaphire Sims and Easton, 1972 from Manipur, India.

The systematics of pheretimoids have been hindered by limited diagnostic traits and extensive homoplasy. This study utilized an integrative taxonomic approach, combining morpho-anatomical traits and mitochondrial COI data, to delineate species and clarify phylogenetic relationships among Indian pheretimoids. Three new species of Metaphire (Megascolecidae) were identified: Metaphire manipurensis Tiwari & Yadav sp.

Ependymosarcoma presenting as recurrence in a primary left parieto-occipital ependymoma.

Ependymomas are glial tumors that may arise from the supratentorial, posterior fossa, and spinal compartments. Conventional ependymomas belong to WHO grade 2. Gliosarcoma is described as a variant of IDH-wildtype glioblastoma, comprising a biphasic tissue pattern with alternating areas displaying glial and mesenchymal differentiation.

Role of myeloid-derived suppressor and Th17/Treg cells in post-COVID-19 Rhino-Orbital mucormycosis cases.

Rhino-Orbital-Cerebral Mucormycosis (ROCM) cases increased sharply in India during the second COVID-19 wave. Due to uncontrolled hyperglycemia, prolonged steroid use, and high ferritin levels, the immune system was dysregulated throughout this surge. Our study examined post-COVID-19 ROCM patients' T regulatory cell (Treg), T helper 17 cell (Th17) and Myeloid derived suppressor cell (MDSC) levels before and after three months of treatment.

An Annotated Checklist of Earthworms (Annelida: Clitellata: Oligochaeta) of Indo-Gangetic Plains of India.

A checklist of earthworm species hitherto known from Indo-Gangetic Plains of India is presented. In total, 98 species and subspecies are recorded, belonging to 33 genera spread over 9 families. Of these, 38 species are recognized as endemics and 34 as exotics.

Exploring the structure and dynamics of soft and hard cuticle of Bombyx mori using solid-state NMR techniques.

This study conducts a comprehensive analysis and comparison of Bombyx mori cuticles across different developmental stages, ranging from larval to adult, utilizing advanced solid-state NMR techniques. The primary objective is to elucidate the underlying reasons for the contrasting hardness of adult cuticles and softness of larval cuticles. Notably, PXRD analysis reveals a prominent broad peak at 19.

Caught by Surprise - Microfilaria in Renal Biopsies.

Microfilarial parasites can obstruct the lymphatic tree giving rise to varying lymphatic and extra-lymphatic symptoms. Renal manifestations can range from asymptomatic proteinuria, chyluria, and nephrotic syndrome, to acute glomerulonephritis. The diagnosis of filariasis is usually made by the demonstration of the parasite in the peripheral blood smear, with or without eosinophilia.

Tailored Bioactive Glass Coating: Navigating Devitrification Toward a Superior Implant Performance.

The development of well-adherent, amorphous, and bioactive glass coatings for metallic implants remains a critical challenge in biomedical engineering. Traditional bioactive glasses are susceptible to crystallization and exhibit a thermal expansion mismatch with implant materials. This study introduces a novel approach to overcome these limitations by employing systematic NaO substitution with CaO in borosilicate glasses.

Characteristics of Bilateral Adrenal Lesions: Experience from an Indian Tertiary Care Centre.

Introduction: The aetiologies in unilateral and bilateral adrenal lesions can be different with different clinical implications and management guidelines, the latter having aetiologies like hyperplasia, infections, infiltrative lesions and neoplasia. Bilateral tumours are more likely to have hereditary/syndromic associations. There is limited data on the clinical and pathological profile of bilateral adrenal lesions.

Implications of CD45RA and CD45RO T cell subsets in patients of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis infected with Aspergillus flavus.

T cell subsets (CD4 and CD8) play a prominent role in the development of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP). Colonization with Aspergillus flavus is recognized as a trigger for the growth of nasal polyps. The fungal proteins initiate the recruitment of T cells into the nasal mucosa, which contributes to the progression of nasal polyps.

Multilocular cystic nephroma in an adult: a diagnostic quandary.

Multilocular cystic nephroma (MLCN) is an unusual, benign slow-growing renal cystic neoplasm which mimics other cystic renal lesions and has such clinical, radiological, and morphological features that causes diagnostic dilemma. MLCN lies in the spectrum of mixed epithelial and stromal tumor (MEST) family of kidney. According to World Health Organization (WHO 2016 classification), MEST encompasses spectrum of tumors ranging from predominantly cystic tumors, adult cystic nephroma (ACN) to tumors that are variably solid (MEST), thus creating diagnostic dilemma.

Evaluation of Fine-Needle Aspiration of Lymph Nodes and Assessment of Risk of Malignancy Based on the Sydney System of Reporting Lymph Node Cytology.

Background: Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) being the first-line of technique is considered the most popular method for diagnosing lymphadenopathy. Diagnosis of a lymph node lesion is challenging due to the vast diversity in lymph node cytology. There has been a lack of standard guidelines for cytopathological reporting of lymph nodes.

Twelve tips to leverage AI for efficient and effective medical question generation: A guide for educators using Chat GPT.

Background: Crafting quality assessment questions in medical education is a crucial yet time-consuming, expertise-driven undertaking that calls for innovative solutions. Large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT (Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer), present a promising yet underexplored avenue for such innovations.

Aims: This study explores the utility of ChatGPT to generate diverse, high-quality medical questions, focusing on multiple-choice questions (MCQs) as an illustrative example, to increase educator's productivity and enable self-directed learning for students.

Withaferin-A attenuates diabetes mellitus induced male reproductive dysfunction mediated by ERα in brain and testes of Swiss albino mice.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease, characterized by persistent hyperglycemia resulting from diminished insulin secretion or insulin resistance. The present study evaluated the ameliorative effects of Withaferin-A (WA) on DM-induced reproductive dysfunction in mice. For the same, mice were intraperitoneally injected with Streptozotocin (STZ), (40 mg/kg/day) for 5 consecutive days to induce DM.

Hearing outcomes in pediatric tympanoplasty and factors affecting surgical outcomes in the current era.

Objectives: Type-1 tympanoplasty continues to be the treatment of choice for tympanic membrane perforations resulting from chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) in children, which is a principal cause of correctable hearing loss in the pediatric population. There is an ongoing debate about the surgical success rate, the factors affecting success as well as the best intervention time for this population group. This study assessed the outcome of Type-1 tympanoplasty in children in terms of 1) graft uptake and 2) hearing improvement as assessed by audiology.

Targeted therapy of breast tumor by PLGA-based nanostructures: The versatile function in doxorubicin delivery.

Breast carcinoma is a molecularly diverse illness, and it is among the most prominent and often reported malignancies in female across the globe. Surgical intervention, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, gene therapy, and endocrine treatment are among the currently viable treatment options for the carcinoma of breast. Chemotherapy is among the most prevalent cancer management strategy.

Gold nanoparticles and gold nanorods in the landscape of cancer therapy.

Cancer is a grievous disease whose treatment requires a more efficient, non-invasive therapy, associated with minimal side effects. Gold nanoparticles possessing greatly impressive optical properties have been a forerunner in bioengineered cancer therapy. This theranostic system has gained immense popularity and finds its application in the field of molecular detection, biological imaging, cancer cell targeting, etc.

A systematic assessment of stress insomnia as the high-risk factor for cervical cancer and interplay of cervicovaginal microbiome.

Cervical cancer is a dreaded form of cancer in women, the fourth most common cancer, with around 0.3 million females suffering from this disease worldwide. Over the past several decades, global researches have focused on the mitigation of cervical lesions and cancers and have explored the impact of physiological and psychological stress and insomnia on cervical pathogenesis.

Thermodynamic and structural profiles of multi-target binding of vinblastine in solution.

Structural information about drug-receptor interactions is paramount in drug discovery and subsequent optimization processes. Drugs can bind to multiple potential targets as they contain common chemical entities in their structures. Understanding the details of such interactions offer possibilities for repurposing and developing potent inhibitors of disease pathways.

Novel Use of Platelet Rich Fibrin Membrane in Transcanal Myringoplasty: A Prospective Study-Letter to Editor.

This is a letter to the editor enlisting a few concerns and points of view which arose on reading a recently published article on the novel use of platelet rich fibrin membrane in transcanal myringoplasty.

Heavy metal contamination in river water, sediment, groundwater and human blood, from Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Exponential industrialization and anthropogenic activities have resulted in water contamination by various heavy metals in Kanpur city, India. Heavy metal pollution, an issue of great concern, is not only affecting river water, but contamination of groundwater is creating health issues and worries. In the present investigation, blood samples were collected from selected volunteers, water and sediment samples from four sites of river Ganga and drinking groundwater samples from 23 locations of Kanpur city.

EHMT1/EHMT2 in EMT, cancer stemness and drug resistance: emerging evidence and mechanisms.

Metastasis, therapy failure and tumour recurrence are major clinical challenges in cancer. The interplay between tumour-initiating cells (TICs) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) drives tumour progression and spread. Recent advances have highlighted the involvement of epigenetic deregulation in these processes.