Strength, weakness, opportunities and challenges (SWOC) experience of histopathology image analysis, enhanced by artificial intelligence.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping the landscape of oral cancer diagnosis through the analysis of digital imaging. By promoting early detection, enhancing diagnostic precision, and enabling personalised treatment approaches, AI holds the potential to significantly improve patient outcomes. However, it is important to carefully consider concerns related to bias, costs, data quality, and regulatory standards.

Decoding lymphangiogenesis in oral squamous cell carcinoma: Emphasis on clinical and histopathological determinants of regional metastasis.

Purpose: The growth and metastasis of solid epithelial tumors is lymphangiogenesis dependent. The most important lymphangiogenic inducers facilitating this progression is Vascular endothelial Growth Factor C (VEGF-C). The recent D2-40 (Podoplanin) antibody is specific for lymphatic epithelium and allows its objective assessment.

Plasma fibrinogen degradation products with salivary coagulopathy in OSMF among Indians.

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) produces changes localized to oral cavity. Hence, it is reasonable to assume that saliva may have an important role in its etiology. This prospective case control study included 37 patients with OSMF which were compared with age and gender matched healthy controls.

Saliva Based Diagnostic Prediction of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma using FTIR Spectroscopy.

Oral cancer ranks as the sixth most prevalent form of cancer worldwide, presenting a significant public health concern. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), within a 5-year period following diagnosis, the mortality rate among oral cancer patients of all stages stands at 45%. In this study, a total of 60 patients divided into 2 groups were recruited.

Feasibility of online learning among Indian students of dentistry during the CoVid-19 outbreak.

Even though there were several online dentistry academic programs available, the pandemic accelerated the development of e-learning processes and presented unprecedented obstacles to dental education. The pandemic has given rise to a technology-powered teaching style that replaced the centuries-old chalk-talk method. However, because it was a quick change, it had flaws and limitations and has caused turmoil and confusion among many educational teams, particularly in the academic sector.

Research Landscape of Lymphovascular Invasion in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Bibliometric Analysis From 1994 to 2023.

The primary factor affecting tumor biology is neo-lymphangiogenesis in solid epithelial malignancies like oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Determining the impact of lymphovascular invasion is critical in order to determine OSCC's locoregional and global dissemination. Bibliometric landscapes are vital to learning about the most recent advancements in the aforementioned topic because the ongoing research in OSCC is multifaceted.

Markers of cytotoxicity and oxidative DNA damage in Diabesity: A new age illness.

Background: The oral mucous membrane is particularly sensitive to certain types of systemic disorders such as anemia, vitamin deficiencies, infectious diseases, hormonal disturbances and can be objectively reproduced through definite measurements using cytomorphometry.

Objectives: The objective of the study is to evaluate the quantitative and qualitative changes in cytological buccal smears of obese individuals with type II diabetes (Group 1 = 20), obese individuals without type II diabetes (Group 2 = 20), individuals with type II diabetes without obesity (Group 3 = 20) by comparing with controls (individuals without obesity and without type II diabetes) (Group 4 = 20).

Materials And Methods: Buccal mucosal cells were scraped from study participants and were subjected to morphometric analysis (Magnus Pro software).

Prognostic Relevance of Lymphatic Vessel Density in Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Oral Cavity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC), a major debilitating illness demands focus in recent times due to a constant upsurge in cases and poor prognostic implications. An urgent mandate upon finding evidence of relevant prognostic markers is the need of the hour. This systematic review and meta-analysis, therefore, elect an objective assessment of Lymphatic Vessel Density (LVD) as a pertinent parameter governing OSCC prognosis.

Concurrent dentigerous cyst with ossifying fibroma of the mandible.

Dentigerous cyst (DC) and ossifying fibroma (OF) are intraosseous lesions of the jaw. Both are varied pathological entities with a wide spectrum of clinical and histological features along with distinct treatment plan and prognosis. While OF comes under fibro-osseous lesions of the jaws, DC is a developmental odontogenic cyst which is formed by the accumulation of fluid between reduced enamel epithelium and enamel or between layers of the enamel organ.

Comparative efficacy of chemiluminescence and toluidine blue in the detection of potentially malignant and malignant disorders of the oral cavity.

Context: Early detection of oral cancer is of paramount importance in determining the prognosis of oral cancer. Literature suggests that several diagnostic modalities have been proposed to aid a clinician in early detection of oral cancer without much conclusive evidence.

Aims: The present study aims to compare toluidine blue and chemiluminescence screening methods in early detection of carcinoma in North Indian population and also to evaluate these methods with histopathological diagnosis.

Dermatoglyphic findings in dental caries and their correlation with salivary levels of and in school-going children in and around Moradabad.

Introduction: Dental caries is the disease of the calcified tissues of the teeth resulting from the action of microorganisms on carbohydrates characterized by a decalcification of inorganic portion of the tooth and accomplished or followed by disintegration of organic portion. Genetic susceptibility to dental caries is dependent on certain factors, which, if evaluated, can help in estimating disease situation prematurely. Dermatoglyphics are the genetically determined dermal ridge configurations on the digits, palms and soles, influenced by environmental forces that are operating before birth.

Tuberous Sclerosis Complex with Gingival Enlargement in an Adolescent.

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant, multisystem genetic disorder. It is characterised by formation of benign hamartomas, neurofibromas, and angiofibromas located in different organs. We describe a case of a 13-year boy who complained of gingival enlargement.

Disinfection of dentinal tubules with 2% Chlorhexidine gel, Calcium hydroxide and herbal intracanal medicaments against Enterococcus faecalis: An in-vitro study.

Aim: This in vitro study was conducted to evaluate the disinfection of dentinal tubules using 2% Chlorhexidine gel, Honey, Aloe vera gel, Curcuma longa, Propolis gel and Calcium hydroxide against Enterococcus faecalis.

Materials And Method: Two hundred and ten human mandibular first premolars were infected with Enterococcus faecalis for 21 days. Samples were divided into 7 groups.

Evaluation of histomorphometric changes in tissue architecture due to fixation delay.

Introduction: All good tissue specimen preparations require complete fixation. The process of tissue handling and processing from patient to paraffin block is too frequently invisible to the pathologists. Many times due to certain emergencies or unavailability of a proper fixative, tissues are kept in different carrying media such as normal saline (NS) or local anesthetic till the availability of a proper fixative solution.

Image analysis assisted study of mitotic figures in oral epithelial dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma using differential stains.

Background: Mitosis is a process of cell division resulting in two genetically equivalent daughter cells. Excessive proliferation of cells due to mitosis is the hallmark in pre cancer and cancer.

Aims: This study was conducted to count the number of mitotic figures in normal oral mucosa, oral epithelial dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma in both Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) and Crystal Violet stained sections.

Evaluation of Histomorphometric Changes in Tissue Architecture in Relation to Alteration in Fixation Protocol - An Invitro Study.

Introduction: Preparation of good tissue specimens for microscopy requires complete fixation. No ideal fixative has been found till date, with every fixative showing advantages and disadvantages. Appropriate fixation is required to maintain clear and consistent morphologic features for histologic examination.

Analysis of the Genotoxic Effects of Mobile Phone Radiation using Buccal Micronucleus Assay: A Comparative Evaluation.

Introduction: Micronucleus (MN) is considered to be a reliable marker for genotoxic damage and it determines the presence and the extent of the chromosomal damage. The MN is formed due to DNA damage or chromosomal disarrangements. The MN has a close association with cancer incidences.

Use of Curcuma longa L. extract to stain various tissue samples for histological studies.

Background: Curcuma longa L. is a perennial herb and a member of the Zingiberaceae (ginger) family, which is used extensively in foods as well as in Ayurvedic and Chinese systems of medicine. Current researches have focused on its antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic and antimicrobial properties.

Root and canal morphology of maxillary first premolar teeth in north Indian population using clearing technique: An in vitro study.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the root form and canal configuration in maxillary first premolars.

Materials And Methods: A total of 250 extracted human adult maxillary first premolar teeth from North Indian population were collected. Access cavities were prepared and the coronal pulp tissue was extirpated.

Exploring trends in forensic odontology.

Background: Forensic odontology nowadays has become a developing science and is of great importance to society. It is important that dental practitioners should have a proper knowledge of forensics as the need has increased greatly over the last decades due to the unprecedented demand from the criminal justice including terrorism in Kashmir valley (J&K India).

Materials And Methods: Data was collected based on questionnaire survey among qualified dental practitioners related to their awareness of forensic odontology.

Training module for cheiloscopy and palatoscopy in forensic odontology.

Introduction: Studies of lip prints and palatal rugae, dates back to late 19(th) and early 20(th) centuries and since then, various methods of classification and analysis were introduced, however systematic recording and analysis of data is still need to improve further, to arrive at flawless and meaningful conclusions. Moreover, the awareness among dental personnel regarding the practical knowledge of cheiloscopy and palatoscopy is ambiguous. So, efforts have been made to introduce training module to improve the education of cheiloscopy and palatoscopy for dental students.

Estimation of serum β2-microglobulin in potentially malignant disorders and squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity: A clinicopathological study.

Background: Tumor markers are substances, which quantitatively changes in serum, during the tumor development, one such tumor marker is serum β2-microglobulin (β2-m). The aim of this study was to establish the role of β2-m as a biochemical parameter for diagnosis and prognosis of oral carcinoma by estimation of serum β2-m levels in potentially malignant lesions, conditions, and oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Materials And Methods: The study was carried out on 48 subjects (16 control, 8 oral submucous fibrosis, 8 oral leukoplakia, and 16 oral squamous cell carcinoma patients of different stages), conducted at department of Oral Medicine, Kothiwal Dental College, Moradabad, India.

Minor salivary glands and dental caries: Approach towards a new horizon.

Introduction: Reduction of functioning minor salivary glands may contribute to emergence of mucosal infections, mucosal ulceration, and possibly dental caries. A study was, therefore, designed to understand the exact role of minor salivary gland secretions over dental caries.

Methodology: We studied the average labial distribution of functional minor salivary glands using various pre-defined locations, counted the minor salivary gland secretion imprints, and correlated the decayed missing filledlevels in subjects.