An 80-year-old woman with myelofibrosis and diffuse mosaic attenuation on chest computed tomography.

An 80-year-old woman with myelofibrosis sought evaluation for progressive dyspnea. Her past medical history included essential thrombocytosis, which transformed to myelofibrosis. Inspiratory computed tomography of chest showed diffuse mosaic attenuation with lymphadenopathy.

Mesothelioma.

Mesothelioma arises from the surface serosal cells lining the pleural, peritoneal, and pericardial cavities. It has three variants including: epithelioid, sarcomatous/desmoplastic, and biphasic types. Mesothelioma cells, predominantly of the epithelioid type, can shed into effusions as sheets, clusters/ morulae, papillae, or single cells.

Granulomatous and lymphocytic interstitial lung disease diagnosed by transbronchial lung cryobiopsy.

Granulomatous and lymphocytic interstitial lung disease is a pulmonary complication of common variable immune deficiency with significant morbidity and increased mortality. Diagnosis has historically been obtained by surgical lung biopsy as transbronchial biopsy typically yields insufficient tissue for definitive diagnosis from a disease process with a patchy distribution. However, the potential for significant morbidity and mortality with surgical lung biopsy exists, necessitating the development of alternative diagnostic approaches.

Rituximab and antimetabolite treatment of granulomatous and lymphocytic interstitial lung disease in common variable immunodeficiency.

Background: Granulomatous and lymphocytic interstitial lung disease (GLILD) is a life-threatening complication in patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), but the optimal treatment is unknown.

Objective: Our aim was to determine whether rituximab with azathioprine or mycophenolate mofetil improves the high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) chest scans and/or pulmonary function test results in patients with CVID and GLILD.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of clinical and laboratory data on 39 patients with CVID and GLILD who completed immunosuppressive therapy was performed.

One Pulmonary Lesion, 2 Synchronous Malignancies.

. Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) comprises approximately 3% to 10% of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Although there is an increased risk for secondary malignancies after treatment among non-Hodgkin lymphomas survivors, a synchronous diagnosis of primary lung cancer arising in conjunction with lymphoma at the same site has rarely been reported.

Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitor-induced isolated pleural granulomas: a rare adverse effect.

A 53-year-old man with a history of Crohn's disease on infliximab, presented with several weeks of cough and dyspnoea. He had a right-sided pleural effusion, found to be exudative with lymphocytic predominance. He underwent right-sided video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) with biopsies and pleurodesis.

Recurrent multifocal cutaneous Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma: A rare vascular tumor of infancy and childhood.

Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) is a locally aggressive vascular tumor of childhood although cases occurring in adulthood are also described. The features overlap with juvenile capillary hemangioma and Kaposi sarcoma. We report a rare case of recurrent, multifocal (nose and chin) cutaneous KHE initially occurring in a 3-year-old female child, uncomplicated by Kasabach-Merritt syndrome.

Eliminating the Residual Negative Pressure in the Endoscopic Ultrasound Aspirating Needle Enhances Cytology Yield of Pancreas Masses.

Background: Prior to withdrawing the EUS-FNA needle from the lesion, the stopcock of the suction syringe is closed to reduce contamination. Residual negative pressure (RNP) may persist in the needle despite closing the stopcock.

Aims: To determine whether neutralizing RNP before withdrawing the needle will improve the cytology yield.

Granulomatous and lymphocytic interstitial lung disease: a spectrum of pulmonary histopathologic lesions in common variable immunodeficiency--histologic and immunohistochemical analyses of 16 cases.

Common variable immunodeficiency is a primary immunodeficiency of unknown etiology characterized by low serum immunoglobulin G, a decreased ability to make specific antibodies, and variable T-cell defects. Approximately 10-30% of patients with common variable immunodeficiency develop clinical evidence of a diffuse parenchymal lung disease with a constellation of histopathologic findings termed granulomatous and lymphocytic interstitial lung disease. In this study, we characterized the histologic and immunohistochemical features in a series of 16 cases diagnosed by open lung biopsy.

Intrathoracic rosai-dorfman disease: hemorrhage with routine diagnostic procedure.

We present a case of a 33-year-old female with a slow growing, right peribronchial vascular mass and associated symptoms of progressive cough, dyspnea on exertion, and hemoptysis. On routine diagnostic flexible bronchoscopy with needle biopsy, the lesion hemorrhaged extensively requiring emergent thoracotomy, right lower and middle bilobectomy. The histopathology of the specimen was consistent with the rare and unusually located entity Rosai-Dorfman disease.

Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate: interobserver reproducibility survey of 39 urologic pathologists.

The diagnosis of intraductal carcinoma (IDC) of the prostate remains subjective because 3 sets of diagnostic criteria are in use. An internet survey was compiled from 38 photomicrographs showing duct proliferations: 14 signed out as high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN), 17 IDC, and 7 invasive cribriform/ductal carcinoma. Each image was assessed for the presence of 9 histologic criteria ascribed to IDC.

Adenosquamous carcinoma.

Adenosquamous carcinoma is an unusual and aggressive form of non-small cell lung carcinoma. Although extensively studied, there is persistent uncertainty with regard to its histogenesis and clinical and histopathologic features, related to the inherent heterogeneity of lung carcinoma. This review will attempt a reappraisal of the definition and diagnostic criteria and address problem areas and practical issues in the pathologic evaluation of this neoplasm.

Malignant pleuropulmonary epithelioid hemangioendothelioma - unusual presentation of an aggressive angiogenic neoplasm.

Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) of the lung and pleura are rare tumors. Primary pleural EHE are associated with aggressive behavior and poor clinical outcome. Recent advances in EHE include the development of immunohistochemical markers of vascular differentiation, namely Fli-1, and the identification of a specific chromosomal translocation (t(1;3)(p36;q25)).

Intraparenchymal pulmonary lipoma: pathologic-radiologic correlation of a rare presentation of a common neoplasm.

We report a rare case of pulmonary intraparenchymal lipoma. Lipomas are benign adipocytic tumors, which are ubiquitous in distribution, particularly in the subcutis and soft tissue. Visceral lipomas, in particular, pulmonary lipomas, are rarely reported.

Cribriform adenocarcinoma of the lung: clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular analysis of 15 cases of a distinctive morphologic subtype of lung adenocarcinoma.

Lung adenocarcinoma is characterized by marked heterogeneity and may be composed of an admixture of histologic growth patterns, including acinar, papillary, solid, and lepidic (bronchioloalveolar). Tumors displaying a prominent or predominant cribriform architecture are rare and most often confused for metastases from other organs. We report the clinical, histologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular features in 15 primary lung adenocarcinomas with a predominant cribriform histology.

Enalapril mitigates focal alveolar lesions, a histological marker of late pulmonary injury by radiation to the lung.

The goal of our study was to identify a histological marker for testing countermeasures for mitigation of late radiation injury to the lung. Pulmonary fibrosis is currently the best described "late effect" in survivors of acute radiation pneumonitis. However, robust fibrosis does not develop in some rodent strains for years after a single dose of radiation to the whole thorax.

Intrapulmonary solitary fibrous tumors: clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 24 cases.

Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a ubiquitous neoplasm that arises most commonly from the pleura. SFT arising within lung parenchyma (intrapulmonary SFT) has been rarely reported and is therefore not well recognized. We present a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 24 cases of primary intrapulmonary SFT.

Use of combination chemotherapy for treatment of granulomatous and lymphocytic interstitial lung disease (GLILD) in patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID).

Purpose: A subset of patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) develops granulomatous and lymphocytic interstitial lung disease (GLILD), a restrictive lung disease associated with early mortality. The optimal therapy for GLILD is unknown. This study was undertaken to see if rituximab and azathioprine (combination chemotherapy) would improve pulmonary function and/or radiographic abnormalities in patients with CVID and GLILD.

Anaphylaxis and mortality induced by treatment of mice with anti-VLA-4 antibody and pertussis toxin.

Ab-mediated blockade of the adhesion molecule VLA-4 has been shown to ameliorate disease in human multiple sclerosis patients and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) animal models. We wanted to determine whether anti-VLA-4 Ab treatment affected the function and persistence of autoreactive T cells in mice with EAE. Unexpectedly, we observed a high level of mortality in anti-VLA-4 mAb (PS/2)-treated mice with actively induced EAE despite decreased disease severity.

Histiocytic disorders of the lung.

Histiocytic proliferations involving the lung span a broad spectrum. Some proliferations are primary; others represent a histiocytic response secondary to conditions in which there may be isolated lung involvement or the lung may be involved as part of a systemic process. Primary histiocytic lung disorders, particularly those of uncertain histogenesis are a heterogeneous and intriguing group of disorders.

Resistance of Helicoverpa armigera to Cry1Ac toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis is due to improper processing of the protoxin.

The bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis produces ICPs (insecticidal crystal proteins) that are deposited in their spore mother cells. When susceptible lepidopteran larvae ingest these spore mother cells, the ICPs get solubilized in the alkaline gut environment. Of approx.

Smoking-related interstitial lung disease.

Pulmonary diseases associated with tobacco smoking are a complex group of disorders ranging from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to lung cancer. Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) have only recently been linked to smoking. The ILDs related to smoking include respiratory bronchiolitis-associated interstitial lung disease, desquamative interstitial pneumonia, and pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis.

Diverse histologic appearances in pulmonary mucinous cystic neoplasia: a case report.

Introduction: Primary pulmonary mucinous cystic neoplasia comprises a group of tumors, from benign cystadenoma to mucinous cystadenocarcinoma.

Case Presentation: We report a case of primary pulmonary mucinous cystadenocarcinoma in a 75-year-old woman who was found to have a right hilar mass on a routine chest X-ray. A lobectomy was performed and the resection specimen revealed a multicystic mucinous tumor.