A smart textile fabric-based optical nano-biosensor for hydrogen peroxide and glucose monitoring.

The incorporation of nanomaterials into smart flexible interfaces is a developing requirement for real-time diagnostics applications. In this work, we report a novel optical fabric-based sensor for the analysis of glucose and hydrogen peroxide (HO), addressing critical needs of healthcare, industrial safety, and environmental analysis. In contrast to traditional rigid substrates, we utilized cotton fabric as a porous and flexible sensing platform, immobilizing cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO₂-NPs) using hydrogel.

Neem (): A Miracle Herb; Panacea for All Ailments.

The neem tree (), native to the Indian subcontinent, has recently gained global recognition because of its extensive therapeutic qualities. It contains a high concentration of antioxidants and other valuable active substances including azadirachtin, salannin, nimbidin, nimbolinin, nimbidol, nimbin, and quercetin, which are extracted from various plant parts. It has been widely utilized in Ayurveda, Unani, and Homeopathic treatments and has gained significant attention in modern medicine.

Evolving Strategies in Amblyopia Management: From Traditional Therapies to Cutting-Edge Innovations.

Amblyopia, commonly referred to as "lazy eye," is a prevalent visual disorder affecting children and, in some cases, adults. Traditional treatments, including occlusion therapy and pharmacological approaches, have demonstrated efficacy but also face limitations related to adherence, age dependency, and recurrence rates. This narrative review explores evolving strategies in amblyopia management, from conventional therapies to emerging innovations.

Ru-RuO Coordinated with Si-Supported GaN Nanowires for Light-Driven Simultaneous Activation of CO and H to Achieve Exceptional Reverse Water-Gas Shift Reaction.

The reverse water-gas shift (RWGS) reaction presents an industrial promise for carbon dioxide valorization. In this work, a dual-site Ru-RuO cocatalyst anchored on Si-supported GaN nanowires (NWs) is developed for solar-powered CO-to-CO conversion. The assembled Si-supported GaN NWs/Ru-RuO delivers a considerable CO rate of 57.

Efficient microaneurysm segmentation in retinal images via a lightweight Attention U-Net for early DR diagnosis.

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a complication of diabetes that can cause vision impairment and lead to permanent blindness if left undiagnosed. The increasing number of diabetic patients, coupled with a shortage of ophthalmologists, highlights the urgent need for automated screening tools for early DR diagnosis. Among the earliest and most detectable signs of DR are microaneurysms (MAs).

Multiclass classification of thalassemia types using complete blood count and HPLC data with machine learning.

Mild to severe anemia is caused by thalassemia, a common genetic disorder affecting over 100 countries worldwide, that results from the abnormality of one or several of the four globin genes. This leads to chronic hemolytic anemia and disrupted synthesis of hemoglobin chains, iron overload, and poor erythropoiesis. Although the diagnosis of thalassemia has improved globally along with the treatment and transfusion support, it is still a major problem in diagnosing in high-prevalence areas like Pakistan.

Experimental investigation of surface roughness effects on energy harvesting from a piezoelectric eel behind a cylindrical bluff body.

Due to dwindling energy reserves and the cost-effectiveness of installation, the global trajectory is shifting towards renewable energy sources as a proficient means of energy acquisition. Among these sources, hydropower stands out as it harnesses the kinetic energy of oceanic water flow to generate power. Various studies have harnessed vortex-induced vibrations (VIV) to generate power from a piezoelectric eel, showcasing the diverse applications of this technology.

Ischemic Stroke Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes in the U.S.: National Trends and Demographic Disparities From 1999 to 2019.

Background: The pathological changes in the lining of blood vessels associated with diabetes are a well-established risk factor for stroke, with some studies suggesting a two times increase in risk compared to non-diabetics.

Methods: Death certificates from the CDC WONDER (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging OnLine Data for Epidemiologic Research) database were examined from 1999 to 2019 for ischemic stroke-related mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Annual percent change (APC) and age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) per 100,000 persons were calculated and stratified by year, sex, and race/ethnicity.

Expanding the Clinical Spectrum of NR4A2-Related Disorder: A Systematic Literature Review and Case Series.

NR4A2 encodes a nuclear transcription factor in the steroid-thyroid hormone-retinoid receptor family. Pathogenic variants in NR4A2 are rare and until now have been associated exclusively with neurodevelopmental phenotypes. A systematic literature review of NR4A2-related disorder was conducted using the PubMed and ClinVar databases.

Magnetic hyperthermia-triggered multi-functional thermo-responsive lipid nanoparticles for enhanced paclitaxel release and cytotoxicity.

The inadequate safety and efficacy of chemotherapy have led cancer medicine to focus on localizing drug delivery to the target. Thermoresponsive nanocarriers (liposomes and polymeric networks) exploit local hyperthermia to trigger targeted payload release; however, their low stability and unpredictable fate have led to failure in clinical studies. To overcome these challenges, we reported first-of-its-kind thermoresponsive lipid nanoparticles (TLNs) that undergo solid-liquid phase transition under hyperthermia to release the payload.

Trends in vascular dementia-related mortality in the United States from 2005 to 2020.

Background: The aging population in the USA has led to a concomitant rise in the prevalence of vascular dementia (VaD), yet there remains a paucity of investigation into mortality trends associated with VaD among adults.

Methods: This cross-sectional analysis utilized death certificate data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's WONDER database. VaD-associated mortality was identified using the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems-10th revision (ICD-10) code F01.

Age-Related Differences in Visual Attention to Heritage Tourism: An Eye-Tracking Study.

With the rising significance of visual marketing, differences in how tourists from various age groups visually engage with tourism promotional materials remain insufficiently studied. This study recruited 48 participants and used a quasi-experimental design combined with eye-tracking technology to examine visual attention, scan path patterns, and their relationship to reading performance among different age groups. Independent t-tests, correlation analyses, and Lag Sequential Analysis were conducted to compare the differences between the two groups.

Institutional quality and firms' recycling performance.

The institutional environment can play a crucial part in the adoption of recycling practices by firms. Drawing on a sample of 1096 nonfinancial listed firms operating in 40 countries over the period 2012-2024, our study investigates the effects of institutional stability (political stability and confidence in the rule of law) and institutional conduciveness (free and fair corporate governance, a liberal market and an effective administrative infrastructure) on corporate recycling performance. Estimates reveal that listed firms tend to recycle a larger proportion of their waste in countries with a high level of political accountability that are also politically more stable.

A Potent Plant-Derived Chitinase: Structural Informatics and Insecticidal Activity against Helicoverpa armigera.

Helicoverpa armigera (cotton bollworm) is a globally distributed lepidopteran pest that causes estimated annual agricultural losses exceeding 5 billion USD. While chemical pesticides remain the primary control strategy, their prolonged use has led to significant environmental contamination, development of widespread insecticide resistance, and non-target organism toxicity. These limitations underscore the critical need for plant-derived biopesticides that offer target specificity, environmental biodegradability, and sustainable pest management solutions without promoting resistance development.

National Trends in Heart Failure and Acute Myocarditis-Related Death Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic saw a rise in cardiovascular death, likely the result of disruptions in health care delivery and the infection itself. We examine mortality trends of heart failure (HF) and acute myocarditis (AM) before and during the pandemic and identify the most affected demographic subgroups.

Methods And Results: We queried the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research database for deaths from HF and AM before (1999-2019) and during (2020-2021) the COVID-19 pandemic.

Spectrum of AGT (M235T) rs699 and AGTR1 (A1166C) rs5186 gene variants and its association with coronary artery disease in Pakistani patients.

Background And Objective: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a multifaceted ailment influenced by genetic and acquired factors. In this study we tried to determine the association of CAD with polymorphisms in renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) genes AGT(M235T) rs699 and AGTRI(A1166C) rs5186.

Method: This case-control study was conducted at Ziauddin University and National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Karachi from January, 2019 to June, 2020.

A comprehensive case study of deep learning on the detection of alpha thalassemia and beta thalassemia using public and private datasets.

This study explores the performance of deep learning models, specifically Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and XGBoost, in predicting alpha and beta thalassemia using both public and private datasets. Thalassemia is a genetic disorder that impairs hemoglobin production, leading to anemia and other health complications. Early diagnosis is essential for effective management and prevention of severe health issues.

Unlocking Methane Generation via Photo-Thermal-Coupled CO Hydrogenation by Integrating FeNiCrMnCo Multicomponent Alloy with GaN Nanowires.

The exploration of a noble-metal-free photo-thermal-coupled catalytic architecture plays a vital role in solar-driven conversion of carbon dioxide (CO) into high-value fuels and chemicals. In this study, FeNiCrMnCo multicomponent alloy (MCA) is integrated with GaN nanowires (NW's) for photo-thermal-coupled catalytic CO methanation. The MCA/GaN NW's nanohybrid demonstrates a considerable methane production rate of 199 mmol∙g∙h with an impressive selectivity of 93% under white light irradiation of 3 W∙cm at 290 °C by external heating.

Enrichment of Rearing Conditions of the Spider Pardosa astrigera (Araneae: Lycosidae).

Pardosa astrigera is a species of spider that plays an important role in controlling crops pests but is at risk due to human agricultural practices. To optimize laboratory rearing, we developed specialized diets and rearing containers for both mother spiders and spiderlings. The maximum survival to adulthood was achieved with a diet of Drosophila melanogaster, Acyrthosiphon pisum and Aphis gossypii.

Green Synthesis and Characterization of Ag Nanoparticles Using Carissa spinarum L. Leaf Extract: Evaluation for Their Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities.

The synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) using plants, particularly medicinal plants, is an increasingly popular research field. This method provides a safe, sustainable, fast, and easy way to produce NPs for various applications, including therapeutics and nutrition. The objective of this study was to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) at room temperature using Carissa spinarum leaf extract as a capping and bioreduction agent.

Safety and efficacy of SGLT2 inhibitors in heart failure patients with ischemic and non-ischemic etiologies: a systematic review and meta-analyses.

Background: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) show promise as a therapy for heart failure (HF); however, the safety and efficacy of SGLT2i in different HF etiologies are uncertain, thus arising the need for a meta-analyses.

Main Text: PubMed and Scopus were queried until May 2023 for studies comparing SGLT2i with placebo in HF patients with ischemic and non-ischemic etiologies. Meta-analyses were performed using risk ratio and hazard ratio.

Navigating barriers to epilepsy surgery: a national survey of patient and neurologist perspectives.

Objective: Epilepsy surgery is underutilized globally due to patient and/or caregiver reluctance and neurologist knowledge gaps. In Pakistan, the treatment gap is 70%-94% for medically refractory epilepsy (MRE). This study assessed the knowledge and practices of neurologists and patients to identify barriers to adequate epilepsy surgery provision in Pakistan.

Disaster victim identification: the co-utilisation of applied biosystems RapidHIT ID system and DJI Matrice 300 drone for onsite DNA analysis.

Disaster Victim Identification (DVI) following mass fatality events is critical in bringing closure to the victims' family members and their loved ones. However, post-disaster environments are typically unfavourable and pose difficulties for the execution of DVI procedures. Delays in collecting, transporting, and processing the samples may cause DNA to degrade, adversely impacting the identification process.

Word embedding empowered topic recognition in news articles.

Advancements in technology have placed global news at our fingertips, anytime, anywhere, through social media and online news sources. Analyzing the extensive electronic text collections is urgently needed. According to the scholars, combining the topic and word embedding models could improve text representation and help with downstream tasks related to natural language processing.

Comparison of percutaneous coronary intervention vs coronary artery bypass graft for left main coronary artery disease in patients with prior cerebrovascular disease: A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression.

Background: Previous studies suggest similar cardiovascular (CV) benefits for either percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) in patients with left main coronary artery disease (LMCAD). However, limited data exist on the influence of prior cerebrovascular disease (CEVD). Thus, we aim to compare the CV outcomes in patients with LMCAD and prior CEVD, undergoing either PCI or CABG.