Cyclodextrin-assisted photostabilization of 5-fluorouracil: a combined kinetic and computational investigation.

The photostabilization of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) has been carried out in the pH range of 2.0-12.0 using cyclodextrins (α-, β-, γ-) as a complexing agent.

PEGylated chitosan xerogels for localized periodontal therapy: design, characterization, and drug release.

It is essential to adopt effective therapy strategies for periodontal diseases to achieve optimal results while avoiding adverse effects on the system. This study has developed various PEGylated chitosan-based biodegradable xerogels for localized release of doxycycline hyclate (DH) to treat periodontal infectious diseases. The xerogels were formulated using the solvent casting method, and the solvent (0.

Novel Antibiotic-Loaded PEGylated Xerogels of Acidified Chitosan for Periodontal Diseases.

Objectives: The primary aim of this study was to develop an effective treatment strategy for periodontal diseases that maximizes therapeutic effects while minimizing systemic adverse effects. Specifically, the study focused on creating a xerogel-based localized drug delivery system for the slow release of doxycycline hyclate (DH) to treat periodontal disease.

Methods: Xerogels were prepared using the solvent casting method, with the solvent being evaporated slowly at ambient conditions.

Degradation of fenamates.

Fenamates are the most crucial non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) used to treat pain-related diseases. The clinically prescribed drugs of the fenamate group include mefenamic acid, tolfenamic acid, meclofenamic acid, flufenamic acid, and niflumic acid. Due to their widespread use, all these drugs are considered as the most common water and sewerage pollutants.

Cyclodextrins and their applications in pharmaceutical and related fields.

This chapter presents an overall account of cyclodextrins (CDs) with a brief description of the history, classification, and properties of these macromolecules. CDs act as complexing agents for drugs to form CD-drug inclusion complexes by various techniques. These complexes lead to the modification of the physicochemical properties of drugs to make them more soluble, chemically, and photochemically stable, and less toxic.

Formulation development of highly stable collagenase-containing hydrogels for wound healing.

Collagenases are enzymes that break down collagen and are used in wound healing and treating various disorders. Currently, collagenase is commercially available in only ointment and injectable forms and is sensitive to various environmental factors. In the present study, different hydrogel formulations of collagenase have been prepared at pH 6.

A kinetic study for the estimation of riboflavin sensitized photooxidation of pyridoxine HCl using green UV-visible spectrometric and HPLC methods.

Riboflavin (RF) sensitized photooxidation of pyridoxine HCl (PD) in the pH range of 2.0-12.0 has been carried out under UV and visible irradiation in aerobic and anaerobic conditions.

Photolysis of tolfenamic acid in aqueous and organic solvents: a kinetic study.

Tolfenamic acid (TA) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that was studied for its photodegradation in aqueous (pH 2.0-12.0) and organic solvents (acetonitrile, methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 1-butanol).

Riboflavin (vitamin B) sensitized photooxidation of ascorbic acid (vitamin C): A kinetic study.

Ascorbic acid (AH) photoxidation sensitized by riboflavin (RF) has been studied between pH 2.0 and 12.0 in ambient air and anaerobic environment using UV and visible irradiation sources.

Analysis of Tolfenamic Acid using a Simple, Rapid, and Stability-indicating Validated HPLC Method.

Background: Tolfenamic acid (TA) belongs to the fenamates class of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Insufficient information is available regarding the availability of a reliable and validated stability-indicating method for the assay of TA.

Objective: A relatively simple, rapid, accurate, precise, economical, robust, and stabilityindicating RP-HPLC method has been developed to determine TA in pure and tablet dosage forms.

Pharmaceutical based cosmetic serums.

The growth and demand for cosmeceuticals (cosmetic products that have medicinal or drug-like benefits) have been enhanced for the last few decades. Lately, the newly invented dosage form, i.e.

Nanosponges-based Drug Delivery System for the Cosmeceutical Applications of Stabilized Ascorbic Acid.

Background: L-Ascorbic acid (AA) is a highly unstable compound, thus, limiting its use in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products, particularly at higher concentrations.

Objective: This study aimed to stabilize the highly sensitive molecule (AA) by encapsulating it in β- cyclodextrin nanosponges (β-CD NS) that can be used further in preparing cosmeceuticals products with higher AA concentrations and enhanced stability.

Methods: The NS has been synthesized by the melting method.

Development and validation of a spectrofluorimetric method for the analysis of tolfenamic acid in pure and tablet dosage form.

Tolfenamic acid (TA) is commonly used in humans and animals because of its anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic effects. So far, no study has been carried out to develop a validated spectrofluorimetric method for determination of TA. Therefore, the present study aimed to develop and validate a simple, accurate, rapid, economical, and precise spectrofluorimetric method to assay TA in its pure and dosage forms, and also in degraded solutions.

Photolysis of thiochrome in aqueous solution: A kinetic study.

The photolysis of thiochrome (THC), an oxidation product of thiamine (vitamin B) (THE), used for its fluorimetric assay, has been studied in the pH range 7.0-12.0.

Photolysis of carboxymethylflavin in aqueous and organic solvent: a kinetic study.

This is the first study on the photolysis of carboxymethylflavin (CMF), an intermediate in the photolysis of riboflavin (RF). CMF is photodegraded by removal of side-chain to lumichrome (LC) in acid solution and to LC and lumiflavin (LF) in alkaline solution. It also undergoes alkaline hydrolysis to 1,2-dihydro-1-methyl-2-keto-3-quinoxaline carboxylic acid (KA) and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-methyl-2,3-dioxoquinoxaline (DQ) by cleavage of isoalloxazine ring.

Multicomponent spectrometric analysis of drugs and their preparations.

Pharmaceutical preparations may contain a single ingredient or multi-ingredients as well as excipients. In multicomponent systems, specific analytical methods are required to determine the concentrations of individual components in the presence of interfering substances. Ultraviolet and visible spectrometric methods have widely been developed for the analysis of drugs in mixtures and pharmaceutical preparations.

Multicomponent spectrofluorimetric method for the assay of carboxymethylflavin and its hydrolytic products: kinetic applications.

The simultaneous assay of carboxymethylflavin (CMF), an intermediate in the photolysis of riboflavin, and its hydrolytic side-chain cleavage products, lumichrome (LC) (acid solution) and LC and lumiflavin (LF) as well as isoalloxazine ring cleavage products, 1,2-dihydro-1-methyl-2-keto-3-quinoxaline carboxylic acid (KA) and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-methyl-2,3-dioxo-quinoxaline (DQ) (alkaline solution) has been carried out by a multicomponent spectrofluorimetric method. The method is based on the adjustment of pH of the degraded solutions to 2.0 and extraction of LC and LF with chloroform.

Multicomponent spectrofluorimetric method for the assay of formylmethylflavin and its hydrolytic products: Kinetic applications.

A multicomponent spectrofluorimetric method has been developed for the simultaneous assay of formylmethylflavin (FMF), an intermediate product in the photolysis of riboflavin (vitamin B), and its side-chain hydrolytic products, lumichrome (LC) in acidic solution and LC and lumiflavin (LF) in the alkaline solution as well as its ring cleavage products, 1,2-dihydro-1-methyl-2-keto-3-quinoxaline carboxylic acid (KA) and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-methyl-2,3-dioxo-quinoxaline (DQ) in alkaline solution. The assay method also takes into account an oxidation product of FMF, i.e.

Stability-indicating spectrofluorimetric method for the assay of riboflavin and photoproducts: Kinetic applications.

A stability-indicating spectrofluorimetric method has been developed for the simultaneous assay of riboflavin (RF) and photoproducts, formylmethylflavin (FMF), lumichrome (LC) and lumiflavin (LF) in aqueous solution. The method is based on the extraction of LC formed in acid solution and LC and LF formed in alkaline solution with chloroform at pH 2.0 and their assay by fluorescence measurements at 478 and 530 nm, respectively.

Tolfenamic Acid.

Tolfenamic acid (TA) is a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug and belongs to the group of fenamates. It is used as a potent pain reliever in the treatment of acute migraine attacks, and disorders like dysmenorrhea, rheumatoid, and osteoarthritis. TA has shown excellent in vitro antibacterial activity against certain ATCC strains of bacteria when complexed with bismuth(III).

Photochemical interaction of ascorbic acid and nicotinamide in aqueous solution: A kinetic study.

The photodegradation of ascorbic acid (AH) in the presence of nicotinamide (NA) at pH 2.0-12.0 has been studied using a 30 W UV radiation source.

Validation of a Stability-Indicating Spectrometric Method for the Determination of Sulfacetamide Sodium in Pure Form and Ophthalmic Preparations.

Introduction: Sulfacetamide sodium is a widely used sulfonamide for ophthalmic infections.

Objective: A number of analytical methods have been reported for the analysis of sulfacetamide but they lack the ability to determine both the active drug and its major degradation product, sulfanilamide, simultaneously in a sample.

Materials And Methods: In the present study a simple, rapid and economical stability-indicating UV spectrometric method has been validated for the simultaneous assay of sulfacetamide sodium and sulfanilamide in pure form and in ophthalmic preparations.

Metal ion mediated photolysis reactions of riboflavin: A kinetic study.

The effect of metal ion complexation on the photolysis of riboflavin (RF) using various metal ions (Ag, Ni, Co, Fe, Ca, Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb, Mg, Zn, Fe) has been studied. Ultraviolet and visible spectral and fluorimetric evidence has been obtained to confirm the formation of metal-RF complexes. The kinetics of photolysis of RF in metal-RF complexes at pH7.

Formulations of Amlodipine: A Review.

Amlodipine (AD) is a calcium channel blocker that is mainly used in the treatment of hypertension and angina. However, latest findings have revealed that its efficacy is not only limited to the treatment of cardiovascular diseases as it has shown to possess antioxidant activity and plays an important role in apoptosis. Therefore, it is also employed in the treatment of cerebrovascular stroke, neurodegenerative diseases, leukemia, breast cancer, and so forth either alone or in combination with other drugs.

Effect of Nicotinamide on the Photolysis of Riboflavin in Aqueous Solution.

The photolysis of riboflavin (RF) in aqueous solution in the presence of nicotinamide (NA) by visible light has been studied in the pH range 1.0-12.0 and the various photoproducts have been identified as known compounds.