Surgical management of biventricular hydrocephalus caused by tuberculosis-induced bilateral obstruction of the foramen of Monro: illustrative case.

Background: Occlusion of the foramen of Monro is an exceedingly rare condition in adults and can lead to obstructive hydrocephalus. The authors present the first reported case of biventricular hydrocephalus caused by tuberculosis-induced bilateral obstruction of the foramen of Monro. They also discuss the technical nuances and surgical challenges associated with this condition.

C1 lateral mass reconstruction using a titanium cage following total resection of the aneurysmal bone cyst: illustrative cases and literature insights.

Introduction: There are limited reports of C1 lateral mass reconstruction using a titanium mesh cage following the surgical removal of an aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC). We describe two uncommon and challenging cases of C1 ABC, highlighting the obstacles and complexities involved in selecting the appropriate approach for tumor resection, C1 stabilization, and reconstruction.

Case Discussion: A 12-year-old boy presented with 3 months of progressive upper cervical and occipital pain with no history of trauma.

Reverse transcriptase inhibitors induce autophagy in a LINE-1 ORF1p-dependent manner.

Human L ong Interspersed N uclear E lement-1 (LINE-1) retrotransposons propagate throughout the genome via reverse-transcribed RNA intermediates. LINE-1 expression is pervasive in cancer. Functional LINE-1s encode two proteins: ORF1p, an RNA-binding protein, and ORF2p, harboring reverse transcriptase and endonuclease activities.

Electrochemical detection of agomelatine using a high-performance FeZn LDH/graphene/polyaniline nanocomposite sensor for clinical and pharmaceutical analysis.

Therapeutic monitoring of agomelatine (AG), an antidepressant with significant pharmacokinetic variability, is hindered by the complexity and cost of conventional methods. This work presents a novel electrochemical sensor employing a ternary FeZn-layered double hydroxide (LDH)/graphene/polyaniline nanocomposite for sensitive AG detection in biological and pharmaceutical samples. The synergistic properties of the nanocomposite-combining catalytic activity, high conductivity, and electrochemical stability-were confirmed through XRD, FESEM-EDS, and XPS characterization.

Ferroptosis Induction by a New Pyrrole Derivative in Triple Negative Breast Cancer and Colorectal Cancer.

Ferroptosis-inducing agents are an emerging class of nonapoptotic, iron-dependent compounds for anticancer chemotherapy. We describe the synthesis of new aroyl diheterocyclyl pyrrole derivatives . Compound exhibited the most potent in vitro anticancer activity against breast cancer (BC), triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), and colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines, as well as significant efficacy in an HCT116 CRC xenograft model.

Chicken liver and eggshell crackers are a safe and affordable animal source food for overcoming micronutrient deficits during pregnancy and lactation in Indonesia: a double-blind, cluster randomized controlled trial (SISTIK Growth Study).

Background: Poor diets and micronutrient deficiencies during pregnancy and lactation are common in Indonesia, potentially affecting linear growth. National maternal programs focus predominantly on iron-folic acid (IFA) supplementation, but adherence is poor. We explored a strategy utilizing locally available micronutrient-rich foods in the form of micronutrient-enriched crackers (MEC) to improve neonatal and infant growth.

Molecular epidemiology of Epstein-Barr virus in gastric cancer patients compared to healthy control group in Shiraz, Iran.

Gastric cancer (GC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) may play a role in certain cases of GC. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of EBV in the gastric tissue of both gastric cancer patients and non-cancer patients in Shiraz, Iran.

Revolutionizing cancer treatment: Exploring novel immunotherapeutics, checkpoints, bispecifics, and vaccines in development.

This chapter focuses on the groundbreaking advances in the treatment of cancer via the development of innovative immunotherapies, which include immune checkpoint inhibitors, bispecific antibodies, and cancer vaccines. The chapter begins with an overview of current cancer treatment paradigms and the pressing need for innovative therapeutic strategies. It then explores the principles and latest trends in immunotherapy, highlighting the mechanisms of action and key players in checkpoint blockade therapy.

Therapeutic potential of biosynthesized Ag/AgO NPs against Candida albicans and Candida auris.

Candida albicans and Candida auris are the emerging fungal pathogens having implication on hospital outbreaks and a lead cause for septicemia with increased mortality rates. The integration of green-synthesized nanoparticles with existing antifungal therapies offers a transformative approach in managing these infections. This study focuses on Phoenix dactylifera inflorescence mediated synthesis of Ag/AgO NPs for investigating their antifungal, antibiofilm, and antivirulence action.

Bioactive peptides in Endodontic infections: The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly.

In general, endodontic infections are polymicrobial infections, and the severity of the infection depends on the pathogenicity of the microbes and the resistance of the host. For the treatment of endodontic infections, antibiotics are widely used; however, the development of resistance raises concerns for their wide-scale application; hence, there is always an unmet need to develop alternative treatment strategies in the fight against endodontic infection. Basically, the searches were conducted in PubMed (459), Science Direct (559 articles), and WOS (493) using keywords and phrases to identify relevant articles.

Molecular identification, genetic diversity, and antibiotic resistance of pathogenic bacteria in finfish aquaculture systems of southwestern Bangladesh.

Bacterial disease outbreaks continue to threaten finfish aquaculture in southwestern Bangladesh, resulting in significant economic losses and heightened food security concerns. To address the absence of robust molecular diagnostics and genetic diversity assessment for bacterial pathogens, a comprehensive five-year study (2018-2023) was conducted to evaluate pathogen prevalence, genetic diversity, and antibiotic resistance, with the goal of informing region-specific management strategies. A total of 340 fish, representing 17 species from 10 districts, were systematically collected from farms, hatcheries, nurseries, and markets.

Advancement of artificial intelligence based treatment strategy in type 2 diabetes: A critical update.

In the unrelenting race to strive to dominate type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) care better, this review paper sets out on a significant discovery trip across recent advancements in treatment and the blooming era of artificial intelligence (AI) utilities. Given the considerable global burden of T2DM, innovative therapeutic approaches to improve patient outcomes remain a public health priority. This review first provides an in-depth analysis of the current state of therapy, from novel pharmacotherapy to lifestyle interventions and new treatment methods.

Targeting tryparedoxin-dependent peroxidase (TXNPx) enzyme to identify repurposing drug candidates from FDA-approved drugs and natural products using virtual screening, ADME/Tox and MD simulations.

Protozoan are parasitic organisms that can cause significant diseases worldwide, such as Chagas disease, African sleeping sickness, and Leishmaniasis. In this study, we performed docking studies on type II tryparedoxin-dependent peroxidase (PDB ID: 2VUP) using a Zinc database having natural products library and FDA-approved drugs. The top compounds identified are F1762-0560, F1855-0030, FDA_339, FDA_461, tetrahydrobenzo-tetraphenoxirene, and ketoconazole.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Smart Glasses in Reducing Patient Care Time in Emergency Departments: Cohort Study From the Hangzhou Asian Games.

Background: Challenges in emergency medicine include overcrowding, insufficient emergency care resources, and extended emergency department (ED) waiting times. These issues contribute to delays in treatment and unfavorable outcomes. This situation worsens in events with large crowds and particularly worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Sericin as a next-generation biomaterial: Properties, applications, and future prospects.

Sericin, a natural protein extracted from Bombyx mori cocoons, has attracted increasing scientific interest for its distinctive chemical composition and broad pharmacological activities. Historically utilized in traditional medicine, sericin is now recognized for its diverse therapeutic properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, neuroprotective, and antimicrobial activities. Silk sericin is an emerging biopolymer of growing interest in medicine and biotechnology due to its multifunctional bioactivities and formulation versatility.

Optimizing wound healing: insights from phytochemicals and advanced therapies.

Wound healing is a complex process with various dimensions, often presenting as a growing concern that prompts the quest for advancements. This review emphasizes the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants rich in flavonoids, terpenoids, polyphenols, alkaloids, and steroids and discusses their valuable antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties in wound management. Cross talk of the phytochemicals with the intricate phases of wound healing, encompassing hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling is detailed, highlighting essential cellular and molecular mechanisms crucial for effective tissue repair.

Putrescine mitigates NaCl-induced stress by modulating gene expression, antioxidants, and ethylene level in tomato.

Plant development and productivity are significantly hindered by salt stress, leading to substantial financial losses in the agriculture sector. Salinity stress negatively impacts the overall growth, physiology, and metabolism of plants. Specifically, NaCl stress is particularly harmful to tomato plants, causing suppression of seedling growth, accumulation of sodium (Na) and chloride (Cl) ions, disrupted ion homeostasis, reduced proline and chlorophyll content, and impairment of antioxidant enzyme systems.

Eco-friendly synthesis of gold nanoparticles using Equisetum diffusum D. Don. with broad-spectrum antibacterial, anticancer, antidiabetic, and antioxidant potentials.

The present study reports, the eco-friendly synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using Equisetum diffusum D. Don. extract, a medicinal plant known for its therapeutic properties.

Epidemiology and genetic characterization of Alternaria alternata causing leaf spot in Fragaria × ananassa.

Alternaria leaf spot (ALS), caused by Alternaria alternata, is a major disease threatening strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) production globally, including in Pakistan. This study investigated the incidence and prevalence of ALS in key strawberry-producing regions of Pakistan and characterized the pathogen using morphological and molecular techniques. Surveys were conducted during the 2014-2015 and 2015-2016 seasons across 182 farms in Punjab, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and Islamabad.

Bioinspired Soft Machines: Engineering Nature's Grace into Future Innovations.

This article explores the transformative advances in soft machines, where biology, materials science, and engineering have converged. We discuss the remarkable adaptability and versatility of soft machines, whose designs draw inspiration from nature's elegant solutions. From the intricate movements of octopus tentacles to the resilience of an elephant's trunk, nature provides a wealth of inspiration for designing robots capable of navigating complex environments with grace and efficiency.

Development of the Parental Expectations and Perspectives Questionnaire in Hindi to Measure the Outcomes from Pediatric Cochlear Implantation.

 The pediatric cochlear implantation (PCI) outcomes, as seen through the parental perspective questionnaire (PPQ), may provide a more comprehensive and accurate view on the functional status of cochlear implant recipients in real-life situations. However, there is no Hindi language version of the PPQ. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to translate and culturally adapt the original PPQ into Hindi to measure the outcomes in children with CI.

Comprehensive structural, evolutionary and functional analysis of superoxide dismutase gene family revealed critical role in salinity and drought stress responses in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.).

Superoxide dismutase (SOD), a metalloenzyme, catalyses the dismutation of superoxide anions (O) into molecular oxygen (O) and hydrogen peroxide (HO), perform crucial roles in plant growth, development, and responses to multiple abiotic stressors. Present study attempted to explore the SOD gene family in chickpea and their key role in salinity and drought tolerance. Computational analysis of SOD gene family in chickpea revealed 10 SODs (4 Cu/ZnSODs and 6 Mn/FeSODs) and explored their chromosomal location, evolutionary relationships, structure, conserved motifs, promoter analysis, tissue specific expression analysis, protein-protein interactions and docking of CaSODs with their predicted interacting partners.

Switchable narrow nonlocal conducting polymer plasmonics.

Dynamically switchable surface plasmons in conducting polymers constitute an emerging route towards intelligent metasurfaces, but polymer plasmons have so far suffered from weak resonances with low quality factors (Q < 1-2). Here, we address this by nonlocal coupling of individual poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) nanoantennas through collective lattice resonances (CLR) in periodic arrays (with resonance wavelengths around 2.0-4.

Carica papaya in health and disease: a review of its bioactive compounds for treating various disease conditions, including anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activities.

Plants and their compounds are extensively utilized in various industries, including pharmacy, medicine, food, and cosmetics, making the papaya (Carica papaya) fruit tree economically vital in tropical and subtropical regions. This review provides detailed information on the traditional uses, nutritional content, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activity of C. papaya.