Surgical management of biventricular hydrocephalus caused by tuberculosis-induced bilateral obstruction of the foramen of Monro: illustrative case.

Background: Occlusion of the foramen of Monro is an exceedingly rare condition in adults and can lead to obstructive hydrocephalus. The authors present the first reported case of biventricular hydrocephalus caused by tuberculosis-induced bilateral obstruction of the foramen of Monro. They also discuss the technical nuances and surgical challenges associated with this condition.

C1 lateral mass reconstruction using a titanium cage following total resection of the aneurysmal bone cyst: illustrative cases and literature insights.

Introduction: There are limited reports of C1 lateral mass reconstruction using a titanium mesh cage following the surgical removal of an aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC). We describe two uncommon and challenging cases of C1 ABC, highlighting the obstacles and complexities involved in selecting the appropriate approach for tumor resection, C1 stabilization, and reconstruction.

Case Discussion: A 12-year-old boy presented with 3 months of progressive upper cervical and occipital pain with no history of trauma.

Modified colloid cyst risk score: a new tool for clinical decision-making in patients with colloid cysts.

Background: This study develops the Modified Colloid Cyst Risk Score (MCCRS), a novel, evidence-based tool designed to identify patients with colloid cysts at high risk for clinical deterioration and obstructive hydrocephalus.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted to identify clinical indicators associated with worsening outcomes in colloid cyst patients. The MCCRS was constructed through expert consensus utilizing the modified Delphi technique.

Use of Drugs Affecting GABA Receptors and the Risk of Developing Alzheimer's Disease and Dementia: a Meta-Analysis and Literature Review.

The gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system is known for its role in cognitive functions and memory processes. However, the activity of GABA receptors and their associated pathways influence the accumulation of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ), a key hallmark in the development and prognosis of research examining the relationship between the use of drugs affecting GABA receptors and the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia. This study aimed to examine the association between GABAA receptor-affecting drugs and the risk of AD and dementia, focusing on benzodiazepines, zolpidem, and anesthetics.

A rare case of recurrent spinal hydatid cyst in a 17-year-old man with neurological deficits and balance impairment.

Background: Hydatid cysts are caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm parasite Echinococcus granulosus, leading to a rare but significant zoonotic infection. This disease is primarily observed in regions with prevalent agricultural and livestock practices. While the liver, lungs, and brain are most affected, spinal involvement is notably rare.

Sellar hemangiopericytoma masquerading as pituitary adenoma: an overlooked intriguing case study unveiling a rare surgical conundrum.

Unlabelled: Hemangiopericytoma (HPC) constitutes less than 1% of all primary central nervous system tumors. It is a vascular neoplasm with potential malignancy that, in rare instances, manifests as a primary lesion within the brain. Typically, it originates from the meninges.

Mucormycosis, New Causative Agents, and New Susceptible Populations: Review of Cases in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Iran (2007-2021).

Background: Mucormycosis is an aggressive opportunistic fungal infection that afflicts patients with severe underlying immunosuppression, uncontrolled hyperglycemia and/or ketoacidosis, iron overload, and occasionally healthy patients who are inoculated with fungal spores through traumatic injuries. The epidemiology of mucormycosis has changed after the COVID-19 pandemic, with mucormycosis becoming the most common and the fatal coinfection.

Methods: In a retrospective, cross-sectional study, 82 hospitalized patients with a definite diagnosis of mucormycosis were reported from 2007 to 2021 in a referral, tertiary care center in Tehran, Iran.

Cerebellopontine angle meningioma originating from choroid plexus of the foramen of Luschka: An extremely rare entity and overlook of literature.

Introduction And Importance: Meningiomas without dural attachments are quite a novelty, with such meningiomas in the posterior fossa being even more far and few between. The authors describe an extremely rare cerebellopontine angle (CPA) meningioma lacking a dural attachment arising from the choroid plexus of the foramen of Luschka (CPFOL).

Case Presentation: A 35-year-old male presented to our center complaining of a generalized and progressive headache for 10 months.

Multiple and recurrent intracranial pseudolymphoma mimicking multiple skull base meningioma, a case report.

Introduction And Importance: Primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphomas (PCNSLs) comprise a heterogeneous subset of intracranial disorders, predominantly of the intraparenchymal high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Intracranial pseudolymphoma represents an exceedingly rare entity; as few as 3 reports in the English literature. We describe the first multiple large intracranial pseudolymphomata leading to increased intracranial pressure, visual loss, and recurrence during a short while.

A rare case of iatrogenic intracranial hypotension due to a minor CSF leakage.

Intracranial hypotension (IH) represents a rare complication, mainly following cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage at the thoracic or cervicothoracic junction level. Iatrogenic IH may be expected secondary to the previous surgery or other procedures invading the patient's dura. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computerized tomography (CT) scan images, CT cisternography, and magnetic resonance cerebrospinal fluid flow (MR CSF) remains the modality of choice to establish the diagnosis.

Fabrication and characterization of bilayer scaffolds made of decellularized dermis/nanofibrous collagen for healing of full-thickness wounds.

Skin tissue engineering has progressed from simple wound dressings to biocompatible materials with desired physico-chemical properties that can deliver regenerative biomolecules. This study describes using a novel biomimetic hybrid scaffold of decellularized dermis/collagen fibers that can continuously deliver stromal cell-derived factor-1 alpha (SDF-1α) for skin regeneration. In diabetic rat models, the idea that sustained SDF-1α infusion could increase the recruitment of CXCR4-positive cells at the injury site and improve wound regeneration was investigated.

A case of pituitary gland abscess associated with granulomatous hypophysitis.

Background: Granulomatous hypophysitis is a rare disease that presents with chronic inflammation of the pituitary gland. In this study, we reported a case of granulomatous hypophysitis associated with a pituitary abscess.

Case Presentation: A 39-year-old woman presented with a 2-year history of infertility.

Comparison of microscopic and endoscopic resection of third-ventricular colloid cysts: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background And Aim: Colloid cysts are uncommon benign lesions. There is a lack of consensus regarding the preferred surgical strategy for colloid cyst resection; the technique with the optimal rates of remission, recurrence, mortality, and complications is debatable.

Materials And Methods: To determine surgical outcomes, we performed a systematic review of the published literature on Colloid cysts.

Lifestyle Assessment in Young Adults with Ischemic Stroke: One Cross-Sectional Study in Iran.

Background And Aim: Lifestyle changes are associated with an increased incidence of stroke especially in young adults. The purpose of this study was to investigate the lifestyle of ischemic stroke cases under the age of 50 years.

Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on young adults with ischemic stroke who were admitted to some hospitals, Tehran, Iran between 2018 and 2019.

Emerging Role of Non-coding RNAs in Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) embrace a diverse set of neurodevelopmental diseases with a multifaceted genetic basis. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are among putative loci with critical participation in the development of ASD. Expression of some lncRNAs, namely RP11-466P24.

A Review on the Carcinogenic Roles of DSCAM-AS1.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a group of transcripts with fundamental roles in the carcinogenesis. DSCAM Antisense RNA 1 (DSCAM-AS1) is an example of this group of transcripts which has been firstly identified in an attempt to find differentially expressed transcripts between breast tumor cells and benign breast samples. The pathogenic roles of DSCAM-AS1 have been vastly assessed in breast cancer, yet its roles are not restricted to this type of cancer.

Dynamics of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio can be associated with clinical outcomes of children with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury: A retrospective observational study.

Background: The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been reported to be associated with clinical outcomes of patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between the dynamics of NLR and clinical outcomes of pediatric patients with moderate to severe TBI.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the clinical data of a total of 374 pediatric patients with moder-ate to severe TBI who were treated in our department between May 2016 and May 2020.

A review on the role of PCAT6 lncRNA in tumorigenesis.

Prostate cancer-associated transcript 6 (PCAT6) is a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) firstly identified in 2013 through an integrative genomic analysis of different cancer tissues. This oncogenic lncRNA has been found to regulate carcinogenesis process in different tissues, including breast, ovary, stomach, bladder, colon, pancreas and liver. The role of PCAT6 in sequestering certain microRNAs has been well established.

The Sensorineural Hearing Loss Related to a Rare Infratentorial Developmental Venous Angioma: A Case Report and Review of Literature.

Background:  Developmental venous anomaly (DVA) is a benign venous abnormality draining normal brain parenchyma. It is mostly asymptomatic; however, rare complications such as hemorrhage may lead to symptomatic conditions. Headache and seizure are the most common symptoms.

Synthesis and Characterization of Exopolysaccharide Encapsulated PCL/Gelatin Skin Substitute for Full-Thickness Wound Regeneration.

Loss of skin integrity can lead to serious problems and even death. In this study, for the first time, the effect of exopolysaccharide (EPS) produced by cold-adapted yeast sp. GUMS16 on a full-thickness wound in rats was evaluated.