A Systematic Review of Mechanisms, Incidence, and Management of Trastuzumab Deruxtecan Induced ILD/Pneumonitis in Solid Tumors.

Trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) has been approved to treat various tumors. While most adverse events (AEs) associated with T-DXd are manageable, interstitial lung disease (ILD)/pneumonitis is a notable AE of special concern. This review describes the incidence, severity, and management of T-DXd-induced ILD/pneumonitis across different tumors.

Immune-related adverse events with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors: insights from a real-world cohort of 2523 patients.

Purpose: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have significantly changed cancer therapy, improving patient survival rates and clinical outcomes. Nevertheless, the use of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors can result in immune-related adverse events (irAEs). This study aims to investigate the prevalence and associated risk factors of irAEs in a real-world setting, as well as to assess their effects on optimal therapeutic outcomes.

Efficacy and safety of pralsetinib in patients with RET fusion positive non-small cell lung cancer: An observational real world study.

Background: Pralsetinib, a selective RET targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), has been approved for treating locally advanced or metastatic RET fusion-positive NSCLC in adults who have previously received platinum-based chemotherapy in China.

Methods: In this retrospective analysis conducted at Hunan Cancer Hospital in China, we examined 36 patients with advanced NSCLC with RET fusion, who were treated with pralsetinib between January 2021 and December 2023. The study focused on assessing the efficacy (Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS)) and safety profile of pralsetinib in these patients.

Quercetin inhibits neuronal Ferroptosis and promotes immune response by targeting lipid metabolism-related gene PTGS2 to alleviate breast cancer-related depression.

Background: Quercetin, the key ingredient in Xiaoyao Kangai Jieyu Formula, has been previously found to relieve breast cancer-related depression (BCRD).

Purpose: We want to explore the potential mechanisms and therapeutic targets of quercetin alleviating BCRD.

Methods: BALB/c mice were injected subcutaneously with 4T1 cells and corticosterone (CORT) to create a BCRD mice model.

Luteolin Induced Hippocampal Neuronal Pyroptosis Inhibition by Regulation of miR-124-3p/TNF-/TRAF6 Axis in Mice Affected by Breast-Cancer-Related Depression.

Background: Breast-cancer-related depression (BCRD) is associated with an increased mortality rate among breast cancer (BC) survivors. Luteolin has many pharmacological effects, particularly in the treatment of BC. In this study, we aimed to explore the anti-BCRD activity of luteolin and its underlying functional mechanism.

Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Provides a Predictive Performance of Septic Acute Kidney Injury.

Background: Septic acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common condition in ICU with poor outcomes. Septic AKI patients have a progressively decreased urine output and increased serum creatinine. However, urine volume and serum creatinine showed poor sensitivity to early diagnosis of septic AKI.

Association between Thymosin beta-4, acute kidney injury, and mortality in patients with sepsis: An observational cohort study.

Background: Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome, associated with high risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) and in-hospital mortality. Thymosin beta-4 (Tβ4) is an actin-sequestering protein that can prevent inflammation in several tissues. Thus, we studied the role of Tβ4 in sepsis.

Curcumin Attenuates Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress-Induced Depressive-Like Behaviors via Restoring Changes in Oxidative Stress and the Activation of Nrf2 Signaling Pathway in Rats.

Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that oxidative stress is associated with depression. Our present study aimed at investigating the antidepressant effect and the possible mechanisms of curcumin (CUR) in chronic unpredictable mild stress- (CUMS-) induced depression model in rats. After exposure to CUMS for four weeks, the rats showed depressive-like behavior, and the depressive-like behaviors in CUMS-treated rats were successfully corrected after administration of CUR.

Involvement of neurotrophic signaling in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity.

Dose dependent cardiotoxicity is the primary side effect of doxorubicin (DOX), but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. An increasing amount of evidence has demonstrated that neurotrophic signaling plays a pivotal role in both neurons and the heart, but the biological association between neurotrophic signaling and DOX-induced cardiotoxicity remains unknown. The present study determined the level of neurotrophins and their receptors in the heart of rats following DOX administration.

Is Meropenem as a Monotherapy Truly Incompetent for Meropenem-Nonsusceptible Bacterial Strains? A Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Modeling With Monte Carlo Simulation.

Infections due to meropenem-nonsusceptible bacterial strains (MNBSs) with meropenem minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ≥ 16 mg/L have become an urgent problem. Currently, the optimal treatment strategy for these cases remains uncertain due to some limitations of currently available mono- and combination therapy regimens. Meropenem monotherapy using a high dose of 2 g every 8 h (q 8 h) and a 3-h traditional simple prolonged-infusion (TSPI) has proven to be helpful for the treatment of infections due to MNBSs with MICs of 4-8 mg/L but is limited for cases with higher MICs of ≥16 mg/L.

Pharmacodynamic model for β-lactam regimens used in surgical prophylaxis: model-based evaluation of standard dosing regimens.

Background Continual evolution of resistance among bacteria against methods of surgical prophylaxis may make currently used beta-lactam regimens inadequate. Objective To re-evaluate beta-lactam regimens in surgical prophylaxis. Setting A pharmacodynamic Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) model based on a number of patients in China.

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Targeted Therapy in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Background: Targeted therapy has been widely used in the treatment of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. The current available therapies focus on the inhibition of angiogenesis through targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, and protein kinase such as the mammalian target of rapamycin. Compared with other traditional chemotherapies and radiotherapies, targeted therapies dramatically improved progression-free survival.

Novel on-line column extraction apparatus coupled with binary peak focusing for high-performance liquid chromatography determination of rifampicin in human plasma: a strategy for therapeutic drug monitoring.

In order to develop a method that is completely suitable for the routine therapeutic drug monitoring, a sensitive and fully automated on-line column extraction apparatus in combination with high-performance liquid chromatography allowing binary peak focusing was developed and validated for the determination of rifampicin in human plasma. Rifapentine was used as an internal standard. The analytical cycle started with the injection of 100 μL of the sample pretreated by protein precipitation in a Venusil SCX extraction column.