Influence of oceanic emission and gas transfer velocity on atmospheric dimethyl sulfide distribution over the Southern Ocean.

Oceanic dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is a major source of atmospheric sulfur, particularly significant in the Antarctic region. This study conducted nine sensitivity simulations using the Community Earth System Model version 2, combining three seawater DMS climatological inventories and three gas transfer velocities. The most sensitive changes in atmospheric DMS were simulated over the subpolar region according to the DMS inventories and gas transfer velocities.

Decadal Response of Atmospheric Inorganic Nitrogen Dry Deposition into Offshore Areas to Policy Controls and Environmental Significance.

Accurately assessing the dry deposition fluxes of inorganic nitrogen aerosol (aerosol-IN) is crucial for mitigating the ecological damage caused by excessive nitrogen in oceanic equilibria. We developed a dry deposition model to assess the dry deposition fluxes of aerosol-IN into Chinese offshore areas over a decade, with the range of 2.81 × 10-1.

DMS behaviors in pen culture of Sinonovacula constricta in Longhai, China.

Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) released by the ocean has received widespread attention due to its role in aerosol formation and impact on global climate change. Research on DMS mainly focuses on coastal and open ocean environments, with limited studies addressing the influence of aquaculture activities on the production and release of marine DMS. Thus, we investigated whether fertilization for algae cultivation and the feeding process in pen culture of Sinonovacula constricta significantly contribute to DMS release.

Impact of sea ice on the physicochemical characteristics of marine aerosols in the Arctic Ocean.

Marine aerosols (MA) can be influenced by sea ice concentration, potentially playing a pivotal role in the formation of cloud condensation nuclei and exerting an impact on regional climate. In this study, a high-resolution aerosol observation system was employed to measure the concentration and size of aerosols in the floating ice region and seawater region of the Arctic Ocean during the 8th and 9th Chinese Arctic Expedition Research Cruise. The identification of aerosol sources was conducted using a modified positive definite matrix factorization method and a backward air mass trajectory model.

Relationships among the climate-relevant gases during the Southern Ocean bloom season.

The ocean plays an essential role in regulating the sources and sinks of climate-relevant gases, like CO, NO and dimethyl sulfide (DMS), thus influencing global climate change. Although the Southern Ocean is known to be a strong carbon sink, a significant DMS source and possibly a large source of NO, our understanding of the interaction among these climate-relevant gases and their potential impacts on climate change is still insufficient in the Southern Ocean. Herein, we analyzed parameters, including surface water pCO, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), alkalinity (TA), DMS and NO in the water column, collected during the austral summer of 2015-2016 in the 32nd Chinese Antarctic Research Expedition (CHINARE) at the tip of Antarctic Peninsula.

KEGG_Extractor: An Effective Extraction Tool for KEGG Orthologs.

The KEGG Orthology (KO) database is a widely used molecular function reference database which can be used to conduct functional annotation of most microorganisms. At present, there are many KEGG tools based on the KO entries for annotating functional orthologs. However, determining how to efficiently extract and sort the annotation results of KEGG still hinders the subsequent genome analysis.

Dry-deposition of inorganic and organic nitrogen aerosols in Xiamen Bay: Fluxes, sources, and biogeochemical significance.

Increased dry deposition of nitrogen aerosols (aerosol-N) as a result of anthropogenic emissions has caused large negative impacts on marine ecosystems. We monitored the number concentrations and sizes of inorganic nitrogen aerosols (aerosol-IN: NH and NO) and organic nitrogen aerosols (aerosol-ON: methylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, ethylamine, diethylamine, and triethylamine) by single-particle aerosol mass spectrometry (SPAMS) during the warm season (WS) and cold season (CS) of 2013 and 2015 in Xiamen Bay. The mean hourly number concentration of aerosol-IN (874/h) overwhelmed that of aerosol-ON (103/h), accounting for 83.

Non-ignorable contribution of anthropogenic source to aerosols in Arctic Ocean.

Arctic Ocean (AO) atmospheric aerosols, which are a factor influencing regional and global climate, have been greatly influenced by an increase in anthropogenic sources. To identify the impact of anthropogenic sources on regional aerosols in the AO and middle and low latitudes (MLO), a single-particle aerosol mass spectrometer was used to count and size aerosols with diameters less than 2.5 μm (PM) and determine their chemical composition.

Effect of sea ice retreat on marine aerosol emissions in the Southern Ocean, Antarctica.

Sea ice retreat in the polar region is expected to increase the emissions of sea salt aerosols and biogenic gases, which may significantly impact the climate by increasing cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) population and changing solar radiation. In this study, aerosol compositions were measured at high-time-resolution (1 h) with an in-situ gas and aerosol composition monitoring system in polynya regions of the Southern Ocean (SO) to access the effects of sea ice concentrations on the sea salt aerosol (SSA) and secondary biogenic aerosol (SBA) in the SO. SSA emissions increased by more than 30% as sea ice concentration decreased from 85% to 29%.

Significant Underestimation of Gaseous Methanesulfonic Acid (MSA) over Southern Ocean.

Methanesulfonic acid (MSA), derived from the oxidation of dimethylsulfide (DMS), has a significant impact on biogenic sulfur cycle and climate. Gaseous MSA (MSA) has been often ignored in previous studies due to its quick conversion to particulate MSA (MSA) and low concentrations. MSA, MSA, and nss-SO were observed simultaneously for the first time with high-time-resolution (1 h) in the Southern Ocean (SO).

Unexpectedly high dimethyl sulfide concentration in high-latitude Arctic sea ice melt ponds.

Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) production in the northern Arctic Ocean has been considered to be minimal because of high sea ice concentration and extremely low productivity. However, we found DMS concentration (1-33 nM) in melt ponds on sea ice at a very high latitude (78°N) in the central Arctic Ocean to be up to ten times that in the adjacent open ocean (<3 nM). We divided melt ponds into three categories: freshwater melt ponds, brackish melt ponds, and open saline melt ponds.

Effect of air masses motion on the rapid change of aerosols in marine atmosphere.

The impact of air masses motion on marine aerosol properties was investigated using an on-board single particle mass spectrometer (SPAMS) deployed for the determination of single particle size resolved chemical composition over Southeast China Sea. Two aerosol blooms (E1 and E2) were observed during the cruise. High average particle number count occurred in E1 (7320), followed by E2 (5850), which was more than 100-150 times of the average particle number count during normal periods.

Impact of marine and continental sources on aerosol characteristics using an on-board SPAMS over southeast sea, China.

The chemical composition of atmospheric aerosols was characterized using an on-board single particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SPAMS) over the Southeast China Sea. High-time-resolution observation of marine aerosols was carried out to clarify the source of aerosols and the interaction of marine and continental aerosols. Atmospheric aerosols were determined by the interaction of continental and marine sources over coastal area.

Large-scale transport of PM in the lower troposphere during winter cold surges in China.

A comprehensive investigation using the air quality network and meteorological data of China in 2015 showed that PM driven by cold surges from the ground level could travel up to 2000 km from northern to southern China within two days. Air pollution is more severe and prominent during the winter in north China due to seasonal variations in energy usage, trade wind movements, and industrial emissions. In February 2015, two cold surges traveling from north China caused a temporary increase in the concentration of PM in Shanghai.

Characteristics of the horizontal and vertical distributions of dimethyl sulfide throughout the Amundsen Sea Polynya.

We investigated horizontal and vertical distributions of DMS in the upper water column of the Amundsen Sea Polynya and Pine Island Polynya during the austral summer (January-February) of 2016 using a membrane inlet mass spectrometer (MIMS) onboard the Korean icebreaker R/V Araon. The surface water concentrations of DMS varied from <1 to 400nM. The highest DMS (up to 300nM) were observed in sea ice-polynya transition zones and near the Getz ice shelf, where both the first local ice melting and high plankton productivity were observed.

Effect of typhoon on atmospheric aerosol particle pollutants accumulation over Xiamen, China.

Great influence of typhoon on air quality has been confirmed, however, rare data especially high time resolved aerosol particle data could be used to establish the behavior of typhoon on air pollution. A single particle aerosol spectrometer (SPAMS) was employed to characterize the particles with particle number count in high time resolution for two typhoons of Soulik (2013) and Soudelor (2015) with similar tracks. Three periods with five events were classified during the whole observation time, including pre - typhoon (event 1 and event 2), typhoon (event 3 and event 4) and post - typhoon (event 5) based on the meteorological parameters and particle pollutant properties.