Mold Invasive Fungal Infection in Hematopoietic Cell Transplant With Post-Transplant Cyclophosphamide and Posaconazole Prophylaxis.

Post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (PTCy) graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis regimens may increase the incidence of mold invasive fungal infections (IFI). Nevertheless, data on prophylaxis strategies and donor modalities are heterogeneous, and reports on posaconazole prophylaxis remain limited. The objectives were to characterize mold IFI incidence, risk factors, and impact on outcomes in patients with hematologic malignancies undergoing PTCy-based HCT from matched sibling, matched unrelated, and haploidentical donors under posaconazole prophylaxis.

Towards a holistic approach to pulmonary infections. Insights from the Sixth Annual Meeting of Spanish Experts 2024.

Pneumonia is the leading cause of death from infection in the developed world. In recent years, researchers and healthcare professionals have worked extensively to reduce this burden. Prevention is better than cure, and significant advances have been made in areas such as vaccination and the prevention of nosocomial pneumonia in intensive care units.

Effectiveness of pharmacological treatments for COVID-19 due to SARS-CoV-2: a systematic literature review.

Aim: Since the first cases of the COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, described in 2019, numerous drugs have been proposed for the treatment of the disease. However, studies have given contradictory or inconclusive results, making it difficult to determine which treatments are truly effective. The objective was to carry out a systematic review of the literature analyzing the effectiveness (mortality, hospitalization and clinical improvement) of COVID-19 treatments initially proposed and finally authorized in the European Union.

Infectious Enterocolitis in Hematopoietic Cell Transplant with Post-Transplant Cyclophosphamide.

Despite the high incidence of diarrhea in hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) and the frequent involvement of infections, evidence concerning patients receiving post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) as graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis in the molecular diagnostic era is limited. This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics, incidence, risk factors, and outcomes impact of infectious enterocolitis in patients with hematologic malignancies undergoing HCT from matched sibling, matched unrelated, and haploidentical donors using PTCy as GVHD prophylaxis. Retrospective analysis of infectious enterocolitis episodes in 399 patients undergoing HCT at a single institution.

The role of rapid multiplex molecular syndromic panels in the clinical management of infections in critically ill patients: an experts-opinion document.

Rapid multiplex molecular syndromic panels (RMMSP) (3 or more pathogens and time-to-results < 6 h) allow simultaneous detection of multiple pathogens and genotypic resistance markers. Their implementation has revolutionized the clinical landscape by significantly enhancing diagnostic accuracy and reducing time-to-results in different critical conditions. The current revision is a comprehensive but not systematic review of the literature.

Incidence, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of BK Hemorrhagic Cystitis in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation From HLA-Matched and Haploidentical Donors With Post-Transplant Cyclophosphamide.

BK hemorrhagic cystitis (BK-HC) is a common complication following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), particularly when posttransplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) is used as graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis. However, comparative studies of BK-HC incidence in matched sibling donors (MSD) and unrelated donors (MUD) often include small haploidentical (HAPLO) donor cohorts and usually lack detailed information on disease evolution, coinfections, management and impact on outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes in patients with hematologic malignancies undergoing HSCT from MSD, MUD, HAPLO donors using PTCy as GVHD prophylaxis.

Cytomegalovirus Reactivations in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation from HLA-Matched and Haploidentical Donors with Post-Transplantation Cyclophosphamide.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivations cause significant morbidity in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients. Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis with post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (PTCy) is associated with an increased risk of CMV infections. Data are limited comparing HSCT with PTCy performed from matched sibling donors (MSDs), matched unrelated donors (MUDs), and haploidentical (Haplo) donors.

Ten Issues for Updating in Community-Acquired Pneumonia: An Expert Review.

Community-acquired pneumonia represents the third-highest cause of mortality in industrialized countries and the first due to infection. Although guidelines for the approach to this infection model are widely implemented in international health schemes, information continually emerges that generates controversy or requires updating its management. This paper reviews the most important issues in the approach to this process, such as an aetiologic update using new molecular platforms or imaging techniques, including the diagnostic stewardship in different clinical settings.

Ten Issues to Update in Nosocomial or Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia: An Expert Review.

Nosocomial pneumonia, or hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP), and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) are important health problems worldwide, with both being associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. HAP is currently the main cause of death from nosocomial infection in critically ill patients. Although guidelines for the approach to this infection model are widely implemented in international health systems and clinical teams, information continually emerges that generates debate or requires updating in its management.

Expert Consensus: Main Risk Factors for Poor Prognosis in COVID-19 and the Implications for Targeted Measures against SARS-CoV-2.

The clinical evolution of patients infected with the Severe Acute Respiratory Coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) depends on the complex interplay between viral and host factors. The evolution to less aggressive but better-transmitted viral variants, and the presence of immune memory responses in a growing number of vaccinated and/or virus-exposed individuals, has caused the pandemic to slowly wane in virulence. However, there are still patients with risk factors or comorbidities that put them at risk of poor outcomes in the event of having the coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Time from symptoms onset to remdesivir is associated with the risk of ICU admission: a multicentric analyses.

Background: Shorter duration of symptoms before remdesivir has been associated with better outcomes. Our goal was to evaluate variables associated with the need of ICU admission in a cohort of hospitalized patients for COVID-19 under remdesivir including the period from symptoms onset to remdesivir.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective multicentric study analysing all patients admitted with COVID-19 in 9 Spanish hospitals who received treatment with remdesivir in October 2020.

Climate change, animals, and Candida auris: insights into the ecological niche of a new species from a One Health approach.

Background: One of the most puzzling traits of Candida auris is the recent simultaneous and independent emergence of five genetically distinct clades on three continents. Global warming has been proposed as a contributing factor for this emergence owing to high thermotolerance of C. auris compared with phylogenetically close Candida species.

Observational study to evaluate discontinuation of monotherapy with cobicistat-boosted darunavir in patients with human immunodeficiency virus.

To evaluate the reasons for changing to monotherapy with protease inhibitors, together with the proportion and reasons for the interruption to treatment, in patients who have been treated at some point with cobicistat-boosted darunavir (DRV/c). Outpatients in a tertiary hospital. Observational retrospective study to evaluate monotherapy with DRV/c (800 mg/150 mg) in adult patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection, from December 2014 to July 2022.

Outcomes of octogenarians and nonagenarians with Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia: a multicenter retrospective study.

Background: P. aeruginosa bacteremia is a common and severe infection carrying high mortality in older adults. We aimed to evaluate outcomes of P.

Dalbavancin in clinical practice in Spain: a 2 year retrospective study.

Objectives: Dalbavancin is approved for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin-structure infections (ABSSSIs) in adults. Its unique pharmacokinetic properties allow daily dosing to be avoided. The objective was to describe the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients treated with dalbavancin in Spain, and to evaluate its effectiveness and safety in real-world settings.

Lactobacillus supports Clostridiales to restrict gut colonization by multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae.

Infections by multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (MRE) are life-threatening to patients. The intestinal microbiome protects against MRE colonization, but antibiotics cause collateral damage to commensals and open the way to colonization and subsequent infection. Despite the significance of this problem, the specific commensals and mechanisms that restrict MRE colonization remain largely unknown.

Current Positioning against Severe Infections Due to in Hospitalized Adults.

Infections due to have been increasing in intensive care units (ICUs) in the last decade. Such infections pose a serious problem, especially when antimicrobial resistance is present. We created a task force of experts, including specialists in intensive care medicine, anaesthesia, microbiology and infectious diseases, selected on the basis of their varied experience in the field of nosocomial infections, who conducted a comprehensive review of the recently published literature on the management of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) infections in the intensive care setting from 2012 to 2022 to summarize the best available treatment.

Response to Vaccines in Patients with Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases: A Narrative Review.

Patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs), such as rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease, are at increased risk of infection. International guidelines recommend vaccination to limit this risk of infection, although live attenuated vaccines are contraindicated once immunosuppressive therapy has begun. Biologic therapies used to treat IMIDs target the immune system to stop chronic pathogenic process but may also attenuate the protective immune response to vaccines.

Host-pathogen interactions upon infection: fungal behaviour and immune response in .

has globally emerged as a multidrug-resistant fungus linked to healthcare-associated outbreaks. There is still limited evidence on its virulence, pathogenicity determinants, and complex host-pathogen interactions. This study analyzes the fungal behaviour, immune response, and host-pathogen interactions upon infection compared to and in This was performed by immunolabelling fungal structures and larval plasmatocytes and using a quantitative approach incorporating bioinformatic morphometric techniques into the study of microbial pathogenesis.