Preparing for the Next Physician's Visit: Usability and Validity of a Mobile Health App for People Living with HIV.

Person-reported outcomes (PROs) are valuable in clinical practice but can be time-consuming. Our goal was to understand how people living with HIV (PLHIV) and healthcare professionals (HCPs) perceive and interact with a mHealth app, "Prepara Tu Consulta" (PTC), designed to provide essential information, requiring less effort than completing multiple validated PROs, and to evaluate its performance compared with these PROs. Data from 393 PLHIV on antiretroviral treatment for ≥ 1 year were collected (June 2022-June 2023).

Maintenance therapy with dolutegravir and lamivudine versus bictegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide in people with HIV (PASO-DOBLE): 48-week results from a randomised, multicentre, open-label, non-inferiority trial.

Background: Although single-tablet, oral bictegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide or dolutegravir and lamivudine are preferred regimens in several major guidelines and are widely used in many countries, they have not been compared in a fully powered trial. This study aimed to prospectively compare the 48-week results of dolutegravir and lamivudine versus bictegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide as maintenance therapies for people with HIV.

Methods: PASO-DOBLE is a randomised, multicentre, open-label, non-inferiority trial done over 48 weeks at 30 sites in Spain.

Three-Year Effectiveness of Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide as a Switch Strategy in the Real World.

Background: We previously described the effectiveness of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (B/F/TAF) as a switch strategy in real life in people with HIV (PWH) at 48 weeks. We did not find that previous nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) resistance-associated mutations (RAMs) had an impact on efficacy. Herein we report response rates after 3 years of follow-up.

Dolutegravir/Lamivudine for Maintenance of Virological Suppression in Persons with Historical Suspected or Confirmed Resistance to Lamivudine: Week 48 Results of a Single-Arm, Open-Label, Multicentre, Phase IIA Clinical Trial.

Background: We investigated the efficacy of dolutegravir/lamivudine for maintenance treatment for people with HIV and previous lamivudine resistance.

Methods: Open-label, single arm, multicentric clinical trial including virologically suppressed PWH with historical lamivudine resistance (confirmed by genotypic testing or suspected based on clinical history), no integrase resistance and CD4+ >200 cells/mm3 whose ART was changed to dolutegravir/lamivudine if the M184V/I mutation was not detected in baseline proviral DNA population sequencing. Proviral DNA next-generation sequencing (NGS) was retrospectively performed in baseline samples.

Partial Recovery of Telomere Length After Long-term Virologic Suppression in Persons With HIV-1.

Background: People with HIV-1 (PWH) age differently than the general population. Blood telomere length (BTL) attrition is a surrogate biomarker of immunosenescence and aging in PWH. BTL is reduced immediately after HIV-1 infection and recovers in PWH with long-term virologic suppression, but the extent of this recovery is unknown.

Non-suppressible viraemia during HIV-1 therapy: a challenge for clinicians.

In individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART), persistent low-level viraemia not attributed to suboptimal ART adherence, detrimental pharmacological interactions, or drug resistance is referred to as non-suppressible viraemia (NSV). This Review presents recent findings in the virological characterisation of NSV, revealing that it consists of one or a few identical populations of plasma viruses without signs of evolution. This finding suggests that NSV originates from virus production by expanded HIV-infected cell clones, reflecting the persistence of the HIV reservoir despite ART.

Strategies for prevention and treatment of SARS-COV-2 infection in patients with chronic kidney disease: Literature review.

COVID-19 has proven to be particularly aggressive in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The lower immune response rate and the greater susceptibility to progress to severe forms of the disease have contributed to this phenomenon, which has persisted in the post-vaccination era of the pandemic. Paradoxically, CKD has been excluded from most clinical trials of the main therapeutic tools developed against SARS-CoV-2.

Monocyte Activation and Ageing Biomarkers in the Development of Cardiovascular Ischaemic Events or Diabetes in People with HIV.

We investigated whether blood telomere length (TL), epigenetic age acceleration (EAA), and soluble inflammatory monocyte cytokines are associated with cardiovascular events or diabetes (DM) in people living with HIV (PLHIV). This was a case-control study nested in the Spanish HIV/AIDS Cohort (CoRIS). Cases with myocardial infarction, stroke, sudden death, or diabetes after starting antiretroviral therapy were included with the available samples and controls matched for sex, age, tobacco use, pre-ART CD4 cell count, viral load, and sample time-point.

Time from symptoms onset to remdesivir is associated with the risk of ICU admission: a multicentric analyses.

Background: Shorter duration of symptoms before remdesivir has been associated with better outcomes. Our goal was to evaluate variables associated with the need of ICU admission in a cohort of hospitalized patients for COVID-19 under remdesivir including the period from symptoms onset to remdesivir.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective multicentric study analysing all patients admitted with COVID-19 in 9 Spanish hospitals who received treatment with remdesivir in October 2020.

Long-term Evaluation of Residual Viremia in a Clinical Trial of Dolutegravir Plus Lamivudine as Maintenance Treatment for Participants With and Without Prior Lamivudine Resistance.

In this pilot clinical trial, we evaluated rates of residual replication in persons without lamivudine resistance-associated mutations in proviral DNA population sequencing who switched to dolutegravir plus lamivudine. After 144 weeks, there was no signal of changes in residual viremia based on qualitative detection methods, irrespective of past lamivudine resistance. NCT03539224.

Change in metabolic parameters after switching from triple regimens with tenofovir alafenamide to dolutegravir-based dual therapy. Bi-lipid study.

Introduction: The use of tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) has been associated with increased cholesterol and body weight. Real-life data on the metabolic effects of switching from a TAF-based triple regimen to a dolutegravir (DTG)-based two-drug regimen (2-DR) are scarce.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study of patients who have switched from a triple TAF-based regimen to a 2-DR [DTG-lamivudine (DTG-3TC) or DTG- rilpivirine (DTG-RPV]) with at least 6 months of follow-up.

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate/Emtricitabine and Baricitinib for Patients at High Risk of Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019: The PANCOVID Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: This study was designed to evaluate if patients with high risk for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) would benefit from treatment with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) followed by baricitinib in case of hypoxemia and systemic inflammation.

Methods: PANCOVID is an open-label, double-randomized, phase 3 pragmatic clinical trial including adults with symptomatic COVID-19 with ≥2 comorbidities or aged ≥60 years and was conducted between 10 October 2020 and 23 September 2021. In the first randomization, patients received TDF/FTC or no TDF/FTC.

Impact of preexisting nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance on the effectiveness of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide in treatment experience patients.

Introduction: Few clinical trials and cohort studies have evaluated the efficacy of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (B/F/TAF) in people with HIV (PWH) with preexisting M184V/I or other nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) resistance-associated mutations (RAMs). Real-world data are also scarce.

Methods: Retrospective review of treatment-experienced patients who started B/F/TAF in a cohort of PWH.

Effects of tenofovir on telomeres, telomerase and T cell maturational subset distribution in long-term aviraemic HIV-infected adults.

Objectives: To evaluate whether the negative impact of tenofovir on telomere length (TL) is due to immune reconstitution interference or inhibition of telomerase.

Methods: One hundred and twenty-eight long-term aviraemic HIV adults treated with tenofovir-containing (n = 79) or tenofovir-sparing regimens (n = 49) were recruited to compare the following: TL in whole blood, PBMCs, CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells by quantitative PCR (qPCR); telomerase activity in PBMCs, CD4+ cells and CD8+ T cells using the TRAPeze RT Telomerase Detection Kit; and T cell maturational subset distribution by flow cytometry.

Results: In an adjusted analysis, participants treated with tenofovir for at least 4 years had shorter TL in CD8+ T cells (P = 0.

Detection of archived lamivudine-associated resistance mutations in virologically suppressed, lamivudine-experienced HIV-infected adults by different genotyping techniques (GEN-PRO study).

Background: Previously selected lamivudine resistance-associated mutations (RAMs) may remain archived within the proviral HIV-DNA.

Objectives: To evaluate the ability of proviral DNA genotyping to detect lamivudine RAMs in HIV-1 virologically suppressed participants; the correlation between Sanger and next generation sequencing (NGS); and predictive factors for detection of lamivudine RAMs in proviral DNA.

Methods: Cross-sectional study of participants on stable antiretroviral therapy and suppressed for ≥1 year.

Longitudinal Changes in Epigenetic Age Acceleration in Aviremic Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Recipients of Long-term Antiretroviral Treatment.

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection induces epigenetic age acceleration (EAA), but it remains unclear whether epigenetic aging continues to accelerate during successful antiretroviral therapy (ART) and prolonged virological suppression.

Methods: We longitudinally analyzed 63 long-term aviremic HIV-infected adults. Using blood DNA methylation patterns, we calculated EAA measures based on 3 epigenetic clocks (Horvath's clock, PhenoAge, and GrimAge).

Impact of Remdesivir on the Treatment of COVID-19 During the First Wave in Spain.

Introduction: Spain was one of the most affected countries during the first wave of COVID-19, having the highest mortality rate in Europe. The aim of this retrospective study is to estimate the impact that remdesivir-the first drug for COVID-19 approved in the EU-would have had in the first wave.

Methods: This study simulated the impact that remdesivir could have had on the Spanish National Health System (SNHS) capacity (bed occupancy) and the number of deaths that could have been prevented, based on two scenarios: a real-life scenario (without remdesivir) and an alternative scenario (with remdesivir).