Exploring the interaction between ambient air pollution and road traffic noise on stroke incidence in ten Nordic cohorts.

Introduction: Ambient air pollution and road traffic noise are stroke risk factors, but evidence on their potential joint effects remains limited. This study investigated the independent and joint associations of air pollution and road traffic noise on stroke incidence using both multiplicative and additive scales.

Methods: We followed stroke incidence in ten cohorts in Sweden, Denmark, and Finland.

'You Have to Start All Over Again…' Stories About Life With Alcohol-Related Liver Cirrhosis-A Narrative Interview Study.

Background: Alcohol-related liver cirrhosis (ALC) is a life-threatening disease and both physically and mentally challenging. At diagnosis, ALC is often at an advanced stage, and symptoms of liver decompensation may be present. Life may be challenged by substance abuse, social problems, limited networks and stigma by the public and the healthcare system.

Long-term exposure to road traffic noise and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a Danish Nurse Cohort study.

Background: Long-term road traffic noise exposure is linked to cardio-metabolic disease morbidity, whereas evidence on mortality remains limited.

Objectives: We investigated association of long-term exposure to road traffic noise with all-cause and cause-specific mortality.

Methods: We linked 22,858 females from the Danish Nurse Cohort (DNC), recruited into the Danish Register of Causes of Death up to 2014.

Effect of PEP flute self-care versus usual care in early covid-19: non-drug, open label, randomised controlled trial in a Danish community setting.

Objective: To determine whether positive expiratory pressure (PEP) by PEP flute self-care is effective in reducing respiratory symptoms among community dwelling adults with SARS-CoV-2 infection and early stage covid-19.

Design: Non-drug, open label, randomised controlled trial.

Setting: Capital Region and Region Zealand in Denmark from 6 October 2020 to 26 February 2021.

Meta-analysis for individual participant data with a continuous exposure: A case study.

Objective: Methods for meta-analysis of studies with individual participant data and continuous exposure variables are well described in the statistical literature but are not widely used in clinical and epidemiological research. The purpose of this case study is to make the methods more accessible.

Study Design And Setting: A two-stage process is demonstrated.

PEP-CoV protocol: a PEP flute-self-care randomised controlled trial to prevent respiratory deterioration and hospitalisation in early COVID-19.

Introduction: Infection with SARS-CoV-2 may progress to severe pulmonary disease, COVID-19. Currently, patients admitted to hospital because of COVID-19 have better prognosis than during the first period of the pandemic due to improved treatment. However, the overall societal susceptibility of being infected makes it pivotal to prevent severe courses of disease to avoid high mortality rates and collapse of the healthcare systems.

Shift work and incidence of psychiatric disorders: The Danish Nurse Cohort study.

Background: Research on health effects of shift work has especially focused on somatic diseases, such as breast cancer and cardiometabolic disease, while less attention has been given to the association between shift work and mental health.

Methods: We used information on 19 964 female nurses (≥44 years) from the Danish Nurse Cohort, who reported current work schedule (day, evening, night, or rotating) at recruitment (1993/1999). In 5102 nurses who participated in both cohort waves, we defined persistent night shift work as working night shift in 1993 and 1999.

Night work and incidence of Parkinson's disease in the Danish Nurse Cohort.

Objectives: Evidence on the association between night work and Parkinson's disease (PD) is sparse and conflicting, calling for more definitive studies.

Methods: We included 20 138 female nurses from the Danish Nurse Cohort without PD who at baseline in 1993 and/or 1999 reported their most common current work schedule (day, evening, night, and rotating (a combination of at least two of these)), including information on lifetime cumulative duration (years) of each shift in a 2009 follow-up survey. We obtained information on PD hospital contacts and PD medication until November 2018 via linkage to the Danish National Patient (inpatient from 1977 and outpatient contacts from 1995 onwards) and Prescription Registers starting in 1995.

Long-term low-level ambient air pollution exposure and risk of lung cancer - A pooled analysis of 7 European cohorts.

Background/aim: Ambient air pollution has been associated with lung cancer, but the shape of the exposure-response function - especially at low exposure levels - is not well described. The aim of this study was to address the relationship between long-term low-level air pollution exposure and lung cancer incidence.

Methods: The "Effects of Low-level Air Pollution: a Study in Europe" (ELAPSE) collaboration pools seven cohorts from across Europe.

Association Between Reproductive Life Span and Incident Nonfatal Cardiovascular Disease: A Pooled Analysis of Individual Patient Data From 12 Studies.

Importance: Early menarche and early menopause are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in midlife, but little is known about the association between reproductive life span and the risk of CVD.

Objective: To investigate the association between the length of reproductive life span and risk of incident CVD events, while also considering the timing of menarche and menopause.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Individual-level data were pooled from 12 studies participating in the International Collaboration for a Life Course Approach to Reproductive Health and Chronic Disease Events consortium.

Long-term exposure to low levels of air pollution and mortality adjusting for road traffic noise: A Danish Nurse Cohort study.

Background: The association between air pollution and mortality is well established, yet some uncertainties remain: there are few studies that account for road traffic noise exposure or that consider in detail the shape of the exposure-response function for cause-specific mortality outcomes, especially at low-levels of exposure.

Objectives: We examined the association between long-term exposure to particulate matter [(PM) with a diameter of <2.5 µm (PM), <10 µm (PM)], and nitrogen dioxide (NO) and total and cause-specific mortality, accounting for road traffic noise.

Smoking cessation prolongs survival in female cancer survivors - the Danish nurse cohort.

Purpose: To explore smoking cessation between cancer survivors and cancer-free women, and the potential survival benefits from smoking cessation in cancer surviving women.

Method: We pooled 46,334 responses from the Danish Nurse Cohort. The cohort consists of female nurses, who were invited for surveys in 1993, 1999 and 2009.

Shift work and incidence of dementia: A Danish Nurse Cohort study.

Introduction: A few studies suggest that working night and rotating shifts increase the risk of dementia. We examined the association between shift work and the incidence of dementia in a cohort of female Danish nurses.

Methods: We linked Danish Nurse Cohort participants, who reported work schedules (day, evening, night, rotating shifts) in 1993 and/or 1999 and their duration in 2009, to Danish registers to obtain information on dementia hospitalizations and prescription medication until November 2018.

Type of menopause, age of menopause and variations in the risk of incident cardiovascular disease: pooled analysis of individual data from 10 international studies.

Study Question: How does the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) vary with type and age of menopause?

Summary Answer: Earlier surgical menopause (e.g. <45 years) poses additional increased risk of incident CVD events, compared to women with natural menopause at the same age, and HRT use reduced the risk of CVD in women with early surgical menopause.

Joint tobacco smoking and alcohol intake exacerbates cancer risk in women- the Danish nurse cohort.

Purpose: To explore separate and combined tobacco and alcohol use and risk of overall, smoking-related, alcohol-related, breast and gynecological cancers in women.

Method: Questionnaires from 19,898 women in The Danish Nurse Cohort in 1993 were linked to registries on hospitalizations, death causes and migration until Dec 2016. Cancer risk by tobacco and alcohol was estimated using Cox proportional hazards models.

Age at natural menopause and risk of incident cardiovascular disease: a pooled analysis of individual patient data.

Background: Early menopause is linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease mortality; however, the association between early menopause and incidence and timing of cardiovascular disease is unclear. We aimed to assess the associations between age at natural menopause and incidence and timing of cardiovascular disease.

Methods: We harmonised and pooled individual-level data from 15 observational studies done across five countries and regions (Australia, Scandinavia, the USA, Japan, and the UK) between 1946 and 2013.

Long-Term Exposure to Road Traffic Noise and Incidence of Diabetes in the Danish Nurse Cohort.

Background: Evidence on the association between road traffic noise and diabetes risk is sparse and inconsistent with respect to how confounding by air pollution was treated.

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to examine whether long-term exposure to road traffic noise over 25 years is associated with incidence of diabetes, independent of air pollution.

Methods: A total of 28,731 female nurses from the Danish Nurse cohort ([Formula: see text] at recruitment in 1993 or 1999) were linked to the Danish National Diabetes Register with information on incidence of diabetes from 1995 until 2013.

Road traffic noise and markers of adiposity in the Danish Nurse Cohort: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Studies have suggested that traffic noise is associated with markers of obesity. We investigated the association of exposure to road traffic noise with body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference in the Danish Nurse Cohort.

Methods: We used data on 15,501 female nurses (aged >44 years) from the nationwide Danish Nurse Cohort who, in 1999, reported information on self-measured height, weight, and waist circumference, together with information on socioeconomic status, lifestyle, work and health.

Relationships between intensity, duration, cumulative dose, and timing of smoking with age at menopause: A pooled analysis of individual data from 17 observational studies.

Background: Cigarette smoking is associated with earlier menopause, but the impact of being a former smoker and any dose-response relationships on the degree of smoking and age at menopause have been less clear. If the toxic impact of cigarette smoking on ovarian function is irreversible, we hypothesized that even former smokers might experience earlier menopause, and variations in intensity, duration, cumulative dose, and age at start/quit of smoking might have varying impacts on the risk of experiencing earlier menopause.

Methods And Findings: A total of 207,231 and 27,580 postmenopausal women were included in the cross-sectional and prospective analyses, respectively.

Long-term exposure to road traffic noise and incidence of breast cancer: a cohort study.

Background: Exposure to road traffic noise was associated with increased risk of estrogen receptor (ER)-negative (ER-) breast cancer in a previous cohort study, but not with overall or ER-positive (ER+) breast cancer, or breast cancer prognosis. We examined the association between long-term exposure to road traffic noise and incidence of breast cancer, overall and by ER and progesterone receptor (PR) status.

Methods: We used the data from a nationwide Danish Nurse Cohort on 22,466 female nurses (age > 44 years) who at recruitment in 1993 or 1999 reported information on breast cancer risk factors.

Female reproductive history and risk of type 2 diabetes: A prospective analysis of 126 721 women.

Aim: To examine the prospective associations between aspects of a woman's reproductive history and incident diabetes.

Methods: We pooled individual data from 126 721 middle-aged women from eight cohort studies contributing to the International Collaboration for a Life Course Approach to Reproductive Health and Chronic Disease Events (InterLACE). Associations between age at menarche, age at first birth, parity and menopausal status with incident diabetes were examined using generalized linear mixed models, with binomial distribution and robust variance.