High taurocholic acid concentration induces ferroptosis by downregulating FTH1 expression in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy.

Background: Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is the most common liver disorder associated with pregnancy and is usually diagnosed based on high serum bile acid. However, the pathogenesis of ICP is unclear. Ferroptosis has been reported as an iron-dependent mechanism of cell death.

Gestational diabetes mellitus and linear growth in early childhood.

Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnancy complication with potential short- and long-term adverse consequences for both mothers and fetuses. It is unclear whether GDM affects linear growth in the offspring; research data are limited and inconsistent.

Methods: In a prospective birth cohort in Shanghai (n=2055 children; 369 born to mothers with GDM).

Prediction of gestational diabetes mellitus by multiple biomarkers at early gestation.

Background: It remains unclear which early gestational biomarkers can be used in predicting later development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). We sought to identify the optimal combination of early gestational biomarkers in predicting GDM in machine learning (ML) models.

Methods: This was a nested case-control study including 100 pairs of GDM and euglycemic (control) pregnancies in the Early Life Plan cohort in Shanghai, China.

Cord Blood Fetuin-B, Fetal Growth Factors, and Lipids in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.

Context: Fetuin-B is a hepatokine/adipokine implicated in glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism.

Objective: We sought to assess whether cord blood fetuin-B levels are altered in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and the association with fetal growth factors and lipids.

Methods: In a nested, case-control study of 153 pairs of neonates of mothers with GDM and euglycemic pregnancies in the Shanghai Birth Cohort, we assessed cord blood fetuin-B in relation to fetal growth factors and lipids (high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein [LDL], total cholesterol [TC], and triglycerides).

Fetal overgrowth and weight trajectories during infancy and adiposity in early childhood.

Background: Large-for-gestational age (LGA), a marker of fetal overgrowth, has been linked to obesity in adulthood. Little is known about how infancy growth trajectories affect adiposity in early childhood in LGA.

Methods: In the Shanghai Birth Cohort, we followed up 259 LGA (birth weight >90th percentile) and 1673 appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA, 10th-90th percentiles) children on body composition (by InBody 770) at age 4 years.

Cord blood fatty acid binding protein 4 and lipids in infants born small- or large-for-gestational-age.

Aim: Adverse (poor or excessive) fetal growth "programs" an elevated risk of type 2 diabetes. Fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) has been implicated in regulating insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism relevant to fetal growth. We sought to determine whether FABP4 is associated with poor or excessive fetal growth and fetal lipids.

Docosahexaenoic acid supplementation in gestational diabetes mellitus and neonatal metabolic health biomarkers.

Background And Objective: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) "programs" an elevated risk of metabolic dysfunctional disorders in the offspring, and has been associated with elevated leptin and decreased adiponectin levels in cord blood. We sought to assess whether docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation in GDM affects neonatal metabolic health biomarkers especially leptin and adiponectin.

Methods: In a randomized controlled trial, singleton pregnant women with diagnosis of GDM at 24-28  weeks of gestation were randomized to dietary supplementation of 500 mg DHA per day (intervention,  = 30) until delivery or standard care (control,  = 38).

[Main Factors Influencing the Platelet Spreading].

Objective: To explore the main factors of platelet spreading and provide the foundation for related research.

Methods: Platelets (2×10/ml) were draw from C57BL/6J mouse and kept at 22 ℃ for 1-2 hours. Platelets (2×10/ml) were were allowed to adhere and spread on the fibrinogen-coated slides, after staining F-actin in platelets, the platelets were observed with the confocal microscopy.

Fibroblast Growth Factor 19 in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Fetal Growth.

Fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) has been implicated in glucose homeostasis. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) enhances fetal insulin secretion and fetal growth. Girls weigh less and are more insulin resistant than boys at birth.

Sex Dimorphic Associations of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus With Cord Plasma Fatty Acid Binding Protein 4 and Estradiol.

Fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) has been associated with insulin resistance. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) impairs fetal insulin sensitivity. Female newborns are more insulin resistant than male newborns.

[The Role of Zyxin in Regulating Platelet Cytoskeleton Distribution].

Objective: To investigate the regulatory effect of zyxin on the distribution of platelet cytoskeleton.

Methods: Platelets were isolated from zyxin-knockout (Zyx) and wild type (WT) mice respectively and corresponding platelet cytoskeleton components were separated. The expressions of β-actin, α-actinin, filamin A and myosin ⅡA in cytoskeleton components were detected by Western blot.

Fetuin-A in Infants Born Small- or Large-for-Gestational-Age.

Fetuin-A is a multifunctional glycoprotein that has been implicated in insulin resistance and bone metabolism. We assessed whether fetuin-A is associated with poor or excessive fetal growth. In the Shanghai Birth Cohort, we conducted a nested case-control study of 60 trios of small-for-gestational-age (SGA, birth weight <10th percentile), optimal-for-gestational-age (OGA, 25-75th, the reference) and large-for-gestational-age (LGA, >90th percentile) infants matched by sex and gestational age.

Sex dimorphism in the associations of gestational diabetes with cord blood adiponectin and retinol-binding protein 4.

Introduction: Gestational diabetes (GD) is associated with impaired insulin sensitivity in newborns. Adiponectin and retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP-4) are involved in regulating insulin sensitivity. Females are more likely to develop diabetes at young ages than males.

Fetuin-A and fetal growth in gestational diabetes mellitus.

Objective: Fetuin-A is a glycoprotein produced by hepatocytes and has been associated with insulin resistance and bone growth in postnatal life. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a condition characterized by insulin resistance. It is unclear whether GDM may affect cord blood fetuin-A levels and whether fetuin-A is associated with fetal growth.

Retinol-binding protein 4, fetal overgrowth and fetal growth factors.

Background: Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP-4) is an adipokine involved in regulating insulin sensitivity which would affect fetal growth. It is unclear whether RBP-4 is associated with fetal overgrowth, and unexplored which fetal growth factor(s) may mediate the association.

Methods: In the Shanghai Birth Cohort, we studied 125 pairs of larger-for-gestational-age (LGA, birth weight >90th percentile, an indicator of fetal overgrowth) and optimal-for-gestational-age (OGA, 25-75th percentiles) control infants matched by sex and gestational age.

Placental 11β-HSD2 and Cardiometabolic Health Indicators in Infancy.

Objective: Fetal excessive exposure to glucocorticoids may program cardiometabolic risk. Placental 11 β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 (11β-HSD2) serves as a barrier to prevent fetal overexposure to maternal glucocorticoids. It has not been explored whether placental 11β-HSD2 levels are associated with cardiometabolic health in postnatal life.

Palladium-Catalyzed Ring-Forming Alkene Aminoaroylation of Unsaturated Hydrazones and Sulfonamides.

The first example of a Pd(OAc)-catalyzed ring-forming alkene aminoaroylation of unsaturated hydrazones and sulfonamides is described. This protocol features the use of diaryliodonium salts as both oxidants and aryl sources, thus enabling mild reaction conditions, good chemoselectivity, a broad substrate scope, and high functional group tolerance. A wide range of synthetically and biologically important functionalized dihydropyrazoles and isoxazolidines have been obtained in good yields.

A Visible-Light-Driven Iminyl Radical-Mediated C-C Single Bond Cleavage/Radical Addition Cascade of Oxime Esters.

A room-temperature, visible-light-driven N-centered iminyl radical-mediated and redox-neutral C-C single bond cleavage/radical addition cascade reaction of oxime esters and unsaturated systems has been accomplished. The strategy tolerates a wide range of O-acyl oximes and unsaturated systems, such as alkenes, silyl enol ethers, alkynes, and isonitrile, enabling highly selective formation of various chemical bonds. This method thus provides an efficient approach to various diversely substituted cyano-containing alkenes, ketones, carbocycles, and heterocycles.

Synthesis of Dihydropyrazoles via Ligand-Free Pd-Catalyzed Alkene Aminoarylation of Unsaturated Hydrazones with Diaryliodonium Salts.

A ligand-free, palladium-catalyzed aminoarylation reaction of the unactivated alkenes in β,γ-unsaturated hydrazones is described. This protocol enables efficient and simultaneous formation of C(sp)-N and C(sp)-C(sp) bonds under mild conditions, providing a practical and general approach to various diversely substituted dihydropyrazoles in generally good yields, without the use of any stoichiometric external oxidant.

A visible-light photocatalytic N-radical cascade of hydrazones for the synthesis of dihydropyrazole-fused benzosultams.

An efficient visible light photocatalytic and external oxidant-free N-radical 5-exo cyclization/addition/aromatization cascade of β,γ-unsaturated hydrazones is described, which provides a practical route to various biologically interesting dihydropyrazole-fused benzosultams in satisfactory yields.