Physical activity pattern and Pre-eclampsia risk biomarkers: an observational study.

Screening tests for preterm pre-eclampsia (PE) include maternal risk factors, mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), uterine artery pulsatility index (UtA-PI) and serum placental growth factor (PlGF). Exercise interventions have been shown to improve vascular function in pregnant women, which could mediate improvements in angiogenic balance. However, few studies have analyzed how sedentarism and/or physical activity levels are associated with biomarkers of PE.

Rest Activity Rhythms and Their Association with Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Walking Energetics in Older Adults: Study of Muscle, Mobility, and Aging.

Purpose: It is recognized that disruptions in circadian behavior, such as with shift work or jet lag, are associated with diminished health. This known relationship implies that people with stronger indices of circadian behavior will exhibit improved physiology. To address the association between rhythmic activity behavior and physiology, we proposed that metrics indicative of "more rhythmic" rest-activity patterns would be associated with better cardiorespiratory fitness and walking energetics in a cohort of older adults.

Deubiquitinating Enzymes Regulate Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Quality Control and Insulin Sensitivity in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.

Background: Activation of mitochondrial fission and quality control occur early in the onset of insulin resistance in human skeletal muscle. We hypothesized that differences in mitochondrial dynamics, structure and bioenergetics in humans would explain the onset and progression of type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: Fifty-eight sedentary adults (37 ± 12 years) were enrolled into one of three groups: (1) healthy weight (HW), (2) overweight and obesity (Ow/Ob), or (3) T2D.

Age Is Associated With Dampened Circadian Patterns of Rest and Activity: The Study of Muscle, Mobility, and Aging (SOMMA).

Background: The effects of aging on circadian patterns of behavior are insufficiently described. To address this, we characterized age-specific features of rest-activity rhythms (RAR) in community-dwelling older adults both overall, and in relation, to sociodemographic characteristics.

Methods: We examined cross-sectional associations between RAR and age, sex, race, education, multimorbidity burden, financial, work, martial, health, and smoking status using assessments of older adults with wrist-worn free-living actigraphy data (N = 820, age = 76.

In Vitro Circadian Clock Gene Expression Assessments in Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Infants: A Pilot Study.

Background: Exposure to intrauterine obesity can disrupt clock gene rhythmicity in animal models. The aim of this pilot study was to determine if maternal obesity alters rhythmic expression of core clock in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from umbilical cords of human infants born to mothers with obesity (Ob-MSC) vs. normal weight (NW-MSC).

Effects of resveratrol on circadian clock gene expression in young and older human adipose-derived progenitor cells.

Observational studies in preclinical models demonstrate age-related declines in circadian functions. We hypothesized that age would be associated with declines in function of cell-autonomous circadian clocks in human tissue. Accordingly, we cultured adipose progenitor cells (APCs) from previously collected white-adipose tissue biopsies from abdominal subcutaneous depots of young (Age: 23.

The association between chrononutrition behaviors and muscle health among older adults: The study of muscle, mobility and aging.

Emerging studies highlight chrononutrition's impact on body composition through circadian clock entrainment, but its effect on older adults' muscle health remains largely overlooked. To determine the associations between chrononutrition behaviors and muscle health in older adults. Dietary data from 828 older adults (76 ± 5 years) recorded food/beverage amounts and their clock time over the past 24 h.

Nightshift imposes irregular lifestyle behaviors in police academy trainees.

Study Objective: Shiftwork increases risk for numerous chronic diseases, which is hypothesized to be linked to disruption of circadian timing of lifestyle behaviors. However, empirical data on timing of lifestyle behaviors in real-world shift workers are lacking. To address this, we characterized the regularity of timing of lifestyle behaviors in shift-working police trainees.

The association between chrononutrition behaviors and muscle health among older adults: The Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA).

Background: Emerging studies highlight chrononutrition's impact on body composition through circadian clock entrainment, but its effect on older adults' muscle health remains largely overlooked.

Objective: To determine the associations between chrononutrition behaviors and muscle health in older adults.

Methods: Dietary data from 828 older adults (76±5y) recorded food/beverage amounts and their clock time over the past 24 hours.

Age is Associated with Dampened Circadian Patterns of Rest and Activity: The Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA).

Background: Aging is associated with declines in circadian functions. The effects of aging on circadian patterns of behavior are insufficiently described. We characterized age-specific features of rest-activity rhythms (RAR) in community dwelling older adults, both overall, and in relation, to sociodemographic characteristics.

Nightshift Imposes Irregular Lifestyle Behaviors in Police Academy Trainees.

Study Objective: Shiftwork increases risk for numerous chronic diseases, which is hypothesized to be linked to disruption of circadian timing of lifestyle behaviors. However, empirical data on timing of lifestyle behaviors in real-world shift workers are lacking. To address this, we characterized the regularity of timing of lifestyle behaviors in shift-working police trainees.

Association of Timing of Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity With Changes in Glycemic Control Over 4 Years in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes From the Look AHEAD Trial.

Objective: We aimed to determine the association of the time-of-day of bout-related moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (bMVPA) with changes in glycemic control across 4 years in adults with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: Among 2,416 participants (57% women; mean age, 59 years) with 7-day waist-worn accelerometry recording at year 1 or 4, we assigned bMVPA timing groups based on the participants' temporal distribution of bMVPA at year 1 and recategorized them at year 4. The time-varying exposure of bMVPA (≥10-min bout) timing was defined as ≥50% of bMVPA occurring during the same time period (morning, midday, afternoon, or evening), <50% of bMVPA in any time period (mixed), and ≤1 day with bMVPA per week (inactive).

Understanding heterogeneity of responses to, and optimizing clinical efficacy of, exercise training in older adults: NIH NIA Workshop summary.

Exercise is a cornerstone of preventive medicine and a promising strategy to intervene on the biology of aging. Variation in the response to exercise is a widely accepted concept that dates back to the 1980s with classic genetic studies identifying sequence variations as modifiers of the VOmax response to training. Since that time, the literature of exercise response variance has been populated with retrospective analyses of existing datasets that are limited by a lack of statistical power from technical error of the measurements and small sample sizes, as well as diffuse outcomes, very few of which have included older adults.

Field-Based Assessments of Behavioral Patterns During Shiftwork in Police Academy Trainees Using Wearable Technology.

Circadian misalignment, as occurs in shiftwork, is associated with numerous negative health outcomes. Here, we sought to improve data labeling accuracy from wearable technology using a novel data pre-processing algorithm in 27 police trainees during shiftwork. Secondarily, we explored changes in four metabolic salivary biomarkers of circadian rhythm during shiftwork.

Lipids activate skeletal muscle mitochondrial fission and quality control networks to induce insulin resistance in humans.

Background And Aims: A diminution in skeletal muscle mitochondrial function due to ectopic lipid accumulation and excess nutrient intake is thought to contribute to insulin resistance and the development of type 2 diabetes. However, the functional integrity of mitochondria in insulin-resistant skeletal muscle remains highly controversial.

Methods: 19 healthy adults (age:28.

Maternal metabolic health drives mesenchymal stem cell metabolism and infant fat mass at birth.

Exposure to maternal obesity may promote metabolic dysfunction in offspring. We used infant mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to experimentally examine cellular mechanisms of intergenerational health transmission. Our earlier reports show MSCs collected from infants of mothers with obesity had a dichotomous distribution in metabolic efficiency; they were either efficient (Ef-Ob) or inefficient (In-Ob) with respect to fatty acid oxidation (FAO).

A Role for Exercise to Counter Skeletal Muscle Clock Disruption.

Disruption of the skeletal muscle circadian clock leads to a preferential shift toward lipid oxidation while reducing carbohydrate oxidation. These effects are apparent at the whole-body level, including glucose intolerance, increased energy expenditure, and fasting hyperglycemia. We hypothesize that exercise counters these metabolic disturbances by modifying the skeletal muscle clock and reverting substrate metabolism back toward an optimal substrate balance.

Exercise Training Impacts Skeletal Muscle Clock Machinery in Prediabetes.

Purpose: Disruption of the skeletal muscle molecular clock leads to metabolic disease, whereas exercise may be restorative, leading to improvements in metabolic health. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a 12-wk exercise intervention on skeletal muscle molecular clock machinery in adults with obesity and prediabetes, and determine whether these changes were related to exercise-induced improvements in metabolic health.

Methods: Twenty-six adults (age, 66 ± 4.

β-Hydroxybutyrate is reduced in humans with obesity-related NAFLD and displays a dose-dependent effect on skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration in vitro.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by hepatic fat accumulation and impaired insulin sensitivity. Reduced hepatic ketogenesis may promote these pathologies, but data are inconclusive in humans and the link between NAFLD and reduced insulin sensitivity remains obscure. We investigated individuals with obesity-related NAFLD and hypothesized that β-hydroxybutyrate (βOHB; the predominant ketone species) would be reduced and related to hepatic fat accumulation and insulin sensitivity.

Lipids and ketones dominate metabolism at the expense of glucose control in pulmonary arterial hypertension: a hyperglycaemic clamp and metabolomics study.

Individuals with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) display reduced oral glucose tolerance. This may involve defects in pancreatic function or insulin sensitivity but this hypothesis has not been tested; moreover, fasting nutrient metabolism remains poorly described in PAH. Thus, we aimed to characterise fasting nutrient metabolism and investigated the metabolic response to hyperglycaemia in PAH.

FOXN3 hyperglycemic risk allele and insulin sensitivity in humans.

Objective: The rs8004664 variation within the FOXN3 gene is significantly and independently associated with fasting blood glucose in humans. We have previously shown that the hyperglycemia risk allele (A) increases FOXN3 expression in primary human hepatocytes; over-expression of human FOXN3 in zebrafish liver increases fasting blood glucose; and heterozygous deletion of the zebrafish ortholog decreases fasting blood glucose. Paralleling these model organism findings, we found that rs8004664 A|A homozygotes had blunted glucagon suppression during an oral glucose tolerance test.

Non-invasive assessment of hepatic lipid subspecies matched with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease phenotype.

Background And Aims: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by excessive hepatic fat accumulation. Increased hepatic saturated fats and decreased hepatic polyunsaturated fats may be particularly lipotoxic, contributing to metabolic dysfunction. We compared hepatic lipid subspecies in adults with and without NAFLD, and examined links with hallmark metabolic and clinical characteristics of NAFLD.

The Panacea of Human Aging: Calorie Restriction Versus Exercise.

Primary aging is the progressive decline in health and fitness and depends on metabolic rate and oxidative stress. Untoward changes in body composition and metabolic function characterize secondary aging. We hypothesize that both exercise and calorie restriction (CR) improve secondary aging, but only CR improves primary.

Effects of Lifestyle Intervention on Plasma Trimethylamine N-Oxide in Obese Adults.

Accumulating evidence linking trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk has prompted interest in developing therapeutic strategies to reduce its production. We compared two lifestyle intervention approaches: hypocaloric versus eucaloric diet, combined with exercise, on TMAO levels in relation to CVD risk factors. Sixteen obese adults (66.