Investigation on the mechanical properties and fracture phenomenon of silicon doped graphene by molecular dynamics simulation.

Silicon doping is an effective way to modulate the bandgap of graphene that might open the door for graphene to the semiconductor industries. However, the mechanical properties of silicon doped graphene (SiG) also plays an important role to realize its full potential application in the electronics industry. Electronic and optical properties of silicon doped graphene are well studied, but, our understanding of mechanical and fracture properties of the doped structure is still in its infancy.

In vivo the antioxidative extract of Linn. leaves induced apoptosis in Ehrilch ascites carcinoma by modulating p53 expression.

This study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of methanol extract of Linn. leaves (MELA) using DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging assays whereas its antineoplastic effect against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) was assed using viable cell count, life span, body weight gain and hematological parameters of experimental mice. Results showed that rich phenolic and flavonoid content of MELA had moderate dose dependent free radical scavenging activity (IC: 62.

Therapy Resistance in Cancers: Phenotypic, Metabolic, Epigenetic and Tumour Microenvironmental Perspectives.

Background: Chemoresistance is a vital problem in cancer therapy where cancer cells develop mechanisms to encounter the effect of chemotherapeutics, resulting in cancer recurrence. In addition, chemotherapy- resistant leads to the formation of a more aggressive form of cancer cells, which, in turn, contributes to the poor survival of patients with cancer.

Objective: In this review, we aimed to provide an overview of how the therapy resistance property evolves in cancer cells, contributing factors and their role in cancer chemoresistance, and exemplified the problems of some available therapies.

Detection of molecular signatures and pathways shared in inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer: A bioinformatics and systems biology approach.

Emerging evidence indicates IBD is a risk factor for the increasing incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) development. We used a system biology approach to identify common molecular signatures and pathways that interact between IBD and CRC and the indispensable pathological mechanisms. First, we identified 177 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between IBD and CRC.

Exploring the Multifunctional Neuroprotective Promise of Rasagiline Derivatives for Multi-Dysfunctional Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic, age-related, and irreversible brain disorder that typically develops slowly and gets worse over time. The potent auspicious drug candidate for the treatment of AD is supposed to perform the simultaneous modulation of several targets linked to AD. The new therapeutic approach involves drug candidates that are designed to act on multiple targets and have various pharmacological properties.

Metabolic Regulation of Glial Phenotypes: Implications in Neuron-Glia Interactions and Neurological Disorders.

Glial cells are multifunctional, non-neuronal components of the central nervous system with diverse phenotypes that have gained much attention for their close involvement in neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases. Glial phenotypes are primarily characterized by their structural and functional changes in response to various stimuli, which can be either neuroprotective or neurotoxic. The reliance of neurons on glial cells is essential to fulfill the energy demands of the brain for its proper functioning.

Loss-of-function of EBP50 is a new cause of hereditary peripheral neuropathy: EBP50 functions in peripheral nerve system.

Finding causative genetic mutations is important in the diagnosis and treatment of hereditary peripheral neuropathies. This study was conducted to find new genes involved in the pathophysiology of hereditary peripheral neuropathy. We identified a new mutation in the EBP50 gene, which is co-segregated with neuropathic phenotypes, including motor and sensory deficit in a family with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.

A Network-Based Bioinformatics Approach to Identify Molecular Biomarkers for Type 2 Diabetes that Are Linked to the Progression of Neurological Diseases.

Neurological diseases (NDs) are progressive disorders, the progression of which can be significantly affected by a range of common diseases that present as comorbidities. Clinical studies, including epidemiological and neuropathological analyses, indicate that patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have worse progression of NDs, suggesting pathogenic links between NDs and T2D. However, finding causal or predisposing factors that link T2D and NDs remains challenging.

Multiple Loculated Peritoneal Abscesses in a Child with Nephrotic Syndrome: A Rare Presentation.

Infection in nephrotic syndrome (NS) is an important cause of mortality and morbidity, especially during corticosteroid therapy. Delayed diagnosis and treatment of these infections can result in some severe consequences. Common infections are peritonitis, meningitis, pneumonitis, and cellulitis.

Bone mineral density in children with relapsing nephrotic syndrome: A hospital-based study.

This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted from January 2012 to November 2014 in the Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, to evaluate the bone mineral density (BMD) values in children with relapsing nephrotic syndrome (NS). Thirty relapsing nephrotic patients were enrolled in this study. They were divided into two groups: Group I - Frequent Relapse (FR) with 21 patients and Group II - Infrequent Relapse (IFR) with nine patients.

Paradoxical role of lipocalin-2 in metabolic disorders and neurological complications.

Lipocalin-2 (LCN2), also known as 24p3 and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), is a 25-kDa secreted protein implicated in various metabolic and inflammatory diseases. Early studies suggest the protective function of LCN2 in which it acts as a bacteriostatic agent that competes with bacteria for iron-bound siderophores. However, both detrimental and beneficial roles of LCN2 have recently been documented in metabolic and neuroinflammatory diseases.

A Bcr-Abl Inhibitor GNF-2 Attenuates Inflammatory Activation of Glia and Chronic Pain.

GNF-2 is an allosteric inhibitor of Bcr-Abl. It was developed as a new class of anti-cancer drug to treat resistant chronic myelogenous leukemia. Recent studies suggest that c-Abl inhibition would provide a neuroprotective effect in animal models of Parkinson's disease as well as in clinical trials.

Demarcating the membrane damage for the extraction of functional mitochondria.

Defective mitochondria have been linked to several critical human diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders, cancers and cardiovascular disease. However, the detailed characterization of mitochondria has remained relatively unexplored, largely due to the lack of effective extraction methods that may sufficiently retain the functionality of mitochondria, particularly when limited amount of sample is considered. In this study, we explore the possibility of modulating hydrodynamic stress through a cross-junction geometry at microscale to selectively disrupt the cellular membrane while mitochondrial membrane is secured.

Corrigendum: Role of Hippocampal Lipocalin-2 in Experimental Diabetic Encephalopathy.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.

Role of Hippocampal Lipocalin-2 in Experimental Diabetic Encephalopathy.

Diabetic encephalopathy is a severe diabetes-related complication in the central nervous system (CNS) that is characterized by degenerative neurochemical and structural changes leading to impaired cognitive function. While the exact pathophysiology of diabetic encephalopathy is not well-understood, it is likely that neuroinflammation is one of the key pathogenic mechanisms that cause this complication. Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) is an acute phase protein known to promote neuroinflammation via the recruitment and activation of immune cells and glia, particularly microglia and astrocytes, thereby inducing proinflammatory mediators in a range of neurological disorders.

Corrigendum: Interglial Crosstalk in Obesity-Induced Hypothalamic Inflammation.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.

Interglial Crosstalk in Obesity-Induced Hypothalamic Inflammation.

Glial cells have recently gained particular attention for their close involvement in neuroinflammation and metabolic disorders including obesity and diabetes. In the central nervous system (CNS), different types of resident glial cells have been documented to express several signaling molecules and related receptors, and their crosstalks have been implicated in physiology and pathology of the CNS. Emerging evidence illustrates that malfunctioning glia and their products are an important component of hypothalamic inflammation.

Anticancer Activity of Leaf and Seed Extracts against Ehrlich's Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) Cell Line.

Cancer is a class of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell growth. The current treatment options of cancer are radiotherapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and surgery, where all of them have unpleasant side effects. Due to their adverse side effects, it is challenging to develop new drug for cancer treatment.

qSE7 is a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) influencing stigma exsertion rate in rice (Oryza sativa L.).

Stigma exsertion is a key determinant to increase the efficiency of commercial hybrid rice seed production. The major quantitative trait locus (QTL) qSE7 for stigma exsertion rate was previously detected on the chromosome 7 using 75 Chromosome Segment Substitution Lines (CSSLs) derived from a cross between the high stigma exsertion indica maintainer XieqingzaoB (XQZB) and low stigma exsertion indica restorer Zhonghui9308 (ZH9308). The C51 line, a CSSL population with an introgression from XQZB, was backcrossed with ZH9308 to produce the secondary F (BCF) and F (BCF) populations.

Hypothalamic inflammation and malfunctioning glia in the pathophysiology of obesity and diabetes: Translational significance.

Preclinical studies have suggested that chronic inflammation in the brain might be associated with multiple metabolic disorders, including obesity and diabetes. In particular, hypothalamic inflammation interferes with the endocrine system and modulates nutritional homeostasis, leading to metabolic alterations and consequent pathologies. With regard to the mechanisms underlying molecular and cellular pathogenesis, neurons, non-neuronal cells, and the crosstalk between them have gained particular attention.

Optogenetics of the Spinal Cord: Use of Channelrhodopsin Proteins for Interrogation of Spinal Cord Circuits.

Spinal cord circuits play a key role in receiving and transmitting somatosensory information from the body and the brain. They also contribute to the timing and coordination of complex patterns of movement. Under disease conditions, such as spinal cord injury and neuropathic pain, spinal cord circuits receive pain signals from peripheral nerves, and are involved in pain development via neurotransmitters and inflammatory mediators released from neurons and glial cells.

Genetic Dissection of the Major Quantitative Trait Locus (qSE11), and Its Validation As the Major Influence on the Rate of Stigma Exsertion in Rice ( L.).

The rate of stigma exsertion (SE) is an important trait in rice breeding because the efficiency of hybrid rice seed production can be improved by increasing the percentage of stigmas that exsert. In this study, we developed a near isogenic line (NIL) from two parents, XieqingzaoB (XQZB) and Zhonghoi9308 (ZH9308), which have high and low SE rates in that order. In our previous study, we employed 75 chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) and analyzed quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for their influence on SE rate.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in a 5-year-old boy with steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a rare clinical and radiological phenomenon is encountered in children compared to adults. In our center, a 5-yearold boy with steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome (SDNS) presented with headache and blurring of vision during relapse after a long course of immunosuppressive therapy. Evaluation by computed tomography scan of the brain showed that the child had hypodense areas throughout the occipital region of the brain.

A novel role for protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B as a positive regulator of neuroinflammation.

Background: Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is a member of the non-transmembrane phosphotyrosine phosphatase family. Recently, PTP1B has been proposed to be a novel target of anti-cancer and anti-diabetic drugs. However, the role of PTP1B in the central nervous system is not clearly understood.