Genetic and bioinformatic analysis of RHO and PRPH2 variants in north Indian retinitis pigmentosa patients.

Purpose: Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP) represents the most common form of inherited retinal dystrophy (IRD), identified by a gradual degeneration of photoreceptors, ultimately resulting in nyctalopia and impaired vision. This study was conducted to screen the rhodopsin and peripherin2 genes for possible pathogenic mutations in north Indian RP patients.

Study Design: We focused on assessing the whole coding region and the intron-exon boundaries of RHO and PRPH2 genes in RP patients and control subjects.

Cadaveric Study on the Safety of Medial versus Anterocentral Portals in Ankle Arthroscopy: A Comparative Analysis.

Introduction: The medial midline portal and anterocentral both are not standard portals for ankle arthroscopy, but they provide a wide field of vision.

Aims: The aim of this study was to compare anatomical safety between medial midline and anterocentral portal in arthroscopy in respect to the least injury to adjacent structures.

Materials And Methods: 20 cadaveric ankles were dissected and related anatomical structures were measured from anterocentral and medial midline portals.

Multi-Modal Muscle Activation Modeling Using Koopman Operator Linearization for an Ankle Exoskeleton.

Gait impairments impact mobility and quality of life, necessitating intelligent rehabilitation devices that utilize dynamic models to improve the human-machine interaction and provide effective assistance. This study presents a data-driven model that integrates Koopman operator linear estimations with fused surface electromyography (sEMG) and ultrasound (US) imaging for estimating volitional ankle torque throughout the gait cycle. The Koopman operator estimates the nonlinear, phase-dependent dynamics of ankle motion, while the fusion of sEMG and US signals enhances muscle activation predictions by combining electrical and morphological insights.

Prostate-Related Germline Variant Frequencies Detected in a Cohort of Men With Metastatic Prostate Cancer in Northern India.

Purpose: Although prostate cancer is generally associated with favorable outcomes, metastatic disease remains incurable. Additionally, a subset of individuals with high-risk or metastatic disease are likely to harbor at least one germline variant in known prostate cancer association genes. Because of differences in cohort selection and sequencing strategies, the prevalence of germline variants in global populations is unclear.

Biomechanical Assessment and Clinical Outcomes in Meniscal Root Tears Management.

Introduction: Meniscal root tears (MRTs) disrupt knee biomechanics, leading to meniscal extrusion, joint instability, and osteoarthritis progression. They are classified as degenerative or traumatic, with varying etiologies and clinical implications.

Objectives: The objectives were to evaluate the etiology, biomechanics, management strategies, and outcomes of MRTs, focusing on the effectiveness of surgical repair in preserving knee function and delaying osteoarthritis.

A direct approach to Zn pre-intercalated VO cathodes with superior electrochemical performance for aqueous zinc-ion batteries.

We report a simple and direct hydrothermal route to synthesize Zn-intercalated VO·HO using a zinc metal strip as the Zn source-a strategy not previously applied to vanadium oxides. This direct intercalation expands the interlayer spacing and enhances structural stability, delivering significantly improved capacity, rate performance, and cycling stability compared to most of the existing Zn-intercalated VO systems obtained by conventional approaches. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations reveal reduced band gap and increased electronic states near the Fermi level due to Zn-intercalation, confirming enhanced electronic conductivity.

The role of SIX6 gene in juvenile open-angle glaucoma: a subtle contributor to the mutational landscape.

Purpose: Juvenile onset open-angle glaucoma (JOAG) typically affects individuals under 40 years of age, causing a rise in intraocular pressure that results in considerable damage to the optic nerve. To expand the spectrum of mutations linked to JOAG and explore their structural consequences, we examined the genetic alterations within the SIX6 gene.

Study Design: We focused on assessing the whole coding region of the SIX6 gene and the clinical significance of the common SIX6 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) rs10483727 and rs33912345, specifically analyzing its association with key clinical factors, including intraocular pressure (IOP), visual acuity, and the vertical cup-to-disc ratio (VCDR).

Glutamine Metabolism: Molecular Regulation, Biological Functions, and Diseases.

Glutaminolysis, the metabolic process of converting glutamine into key intermediates, plays an essential role in cellular energy production, signaling, biosynthesis, and redox balance. Deregulation of glutamine metabolism significantly influences various pathological conditions, including cancers and metabolic and neurological diseases. Emerging evidence shows that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and oncogenic alterations in glutamine transporters and enzymes enhance glutamine's role as an alternative energy source, supporting cell survival and proliferation under nutrient and oxygen deprivation conditions.

Evaluation of Ankle Complications after Peroneus Longus Tendon Harvesting for ACL Reconstruction.

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are common and debilitating, often requiring surgical reconstruction. The peroneus longus tendon (PLT) is a promising autograft for ACL reconstruction, with less donor site morbidity than traditional grafts like bone-patellar tendon-bone and hamstring tendons. This study evaluates donor site ankle morbidity after PLT harvesting for ACL reconstruction.

Comparison of Efficacy and Safety of Single Versus Combination Dmard Therapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis-A Prospective Observational Study.

Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that causes joint inflammation and disability if untreated. Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), including conventional synthetic DMARDs (csDMARDs), biologics (bDMARDs), and targeted synthetic DMARDs (tsDMARDs), play a critical role in managing the disease.

Aim: This study aimed to compare the clinical efficacy and safety profiles of single DMARD therapy versus combination DMARD therapy, including biologics and corticosteroids, in RA patients.

Fetal Biometric Parameters in USG for Early Detection of Fetal Growth Restriction.

Background: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a major pregnancy complication linked to adverse perinatal outcomes. Biometric parameters and Doppler velocimetry are valuable tools in diagnosing IUGR and predicting pregnancy outcomes.

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the role of biometric and Doppler parameters in the prediction of fetal growth restriction and associated pregnancy outcomes.

Proximal Fibular Osteotomy for Knee Osteoarthritis: Short-Term Pain Relief or Long-Term Progression Prevention.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the long-term efficacy of proximal fibular osteotomy (PFO) in patients with medial compartment osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee, focusing on pain relief, functional outcomes, and radiological changes.

Methods: Patients aged 60-69 years with moderate to severe symptomatic degenerative knee OA were included. The patients underwent PFO, and their outcomes were assessed at multiple time points (immediate postoperative, 3 weeks, 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months).

Elbow Joint Anthropometry in Central Indian Population: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: The carrying angle of the elbow is a critical aspect of upper limb biomechanics, influencing arm movement, and hand precision. This study aims to assess elbow joint parameters, including the carrying angle, articular surface angle, and anatomical alignment to understand normal elbow morphometry and its variations based on age, sex, and side dominance.

Materials And Methods: The study included 300 right-hand dominant, healthy volunteers aged 18-50 years.

Comparative evaluation of crestal bone loss and implant stability during initial healing period between two implant designs: A split-mouth study.

Background: Crestal bone loss common with different implant neck designs has been studied only after a healing period of three months. This study compares the difference in crestal bone loss and implant stability between smooth and microthreaded neck designs during the initial healing period.

Subjects And Methods: This experimental split-mouth study was done at the Department of Prosthodontics.

Enhancing Hybrid Exoskeleton Performance With Spatially Distributed Asynchronous Stimulation and Ultrasound Imaging-Based Fatigue Measurements.

This paper introduces an innovative approach, Spatially distributed asynchronous stimulation (SDAS), designed to enhance the fatigue resistance of electrically stimulated muscles for mobility assistance in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI), stroke, and multiple sclerosis. The study focuses on modulating stimulation intensity in multiple distributed electrodes through a phenomenological model of SDAS to increase muscle power output. A model predictive control (MPC) approach is used to design optimal SDAS intensity profiles for knee extension tracking.

Prevalence and determinants of undernutrition in the urban slums of Belagavi: a cross-sectional study among young children.

Introduction: Rapid urbanization in low- and middle-income countries has led to the expansion of slums, where children face a heightened risk of undernutrition. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of undernutrition and its determinants among children residing in the urban slums of Belagavi, Karnataka.

Methods: The anthropometric measurements, clinical signs, demographic information, and dietary history of children aged 9-36 months from urban slums were assessed.

Comparative Outcomes of Arthroscopic versus Open Surgical Approaches in the Management of Septic Arthritis of the Knee: A Retrospective Study.

Introduction: Septic arthritis (SA) of the knee is a serious condition requiring prompt intervention. The choice between arthroscopic and open surgical approaches remains debated. This study compares the clinical outcomes of these two surgical techniques in the treatment of knee SA.

Human papilloma virus infection drives unique metabolic and immune profiles in head and neck and cervical cancers: implications for targeted therapies and prognostic markers.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a key driver of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CESC). Yet, these cancers exhibit distinct molecular and clinical features influenced by HPV status. This study utilizes RNA sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA).

Addressing the Psychological Needs of Cancer Survivors and their Caregivers: During Treatment and Beyond.

Cancer survivors and their caregivers face significant psychological challenges, both during treatment and in the years following recovery. The emotional toll of cancer, like fear, uncertainty, anxiety, and depression, can profoundly affect the quality of life for both survivors and caregivers. During treatment, survivors often experience emotional distress due to physical changes, treatment side effects, and fear of disease recurrence.

Human papilloma virus (HPV) mediated cancers: an insightful update.

Human papillomavirus (HPV), a DNA virus, is a well-documented causative agent of several cancers, including cervical, vulvar, vaginal, penile, anal, and head & neck cancers. Major factors contributing to HPV-related cancers include persistent infection and the oncogenic potential of particular HPV genotypes. High-risk HPV strains, particularly HPV-16 and HPV-18, are responsible for over 70% of cervical cancer cases worldwide, as well as a significant proportion of other genital and head and neck cancers.

Expression of CD44 and Its Correlation With Clinicopathological Factors in Oral and Oropharyngeal Carcinoma: A Retrospective Immunohistochemical Study.

Background: CD44 is a cancer stem cell marker (CSC), which plays a crucial role in cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix adhesion and is responsible for angiogenesis, invasion, and migration in oral and oropharyngeal cancer.

Objectives: The primary objective of the study was to assess the expression of CD44 in oral and oropharyngeal carcinoma using immunohistochemistry and compare the expression of CD44 in different histological grades of oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OOSCC). The secondary objective was to correlate the prognosis with the expression.

Late-Stage Functionalization Strategies of 1,2,3-Triazoles: A Post-Click Approach in Organic Synthesis.

The 1,2,3-triazole scaffolds are an important class of biologically privileged heterocyclic compounds with several key applications in chemistry, biology, medicine, agriculture, and material science. The "postclick" functionalization of 1,2,3-triazoles may emerge as a promising tactic for the construction of molecular architectures of therapeutics and is considered to be a growing area of investigation. This interest extends beyond the regioselective Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) method that involves the trapping of Cu(I)-triazole with suitable precursors.

Prognostic value of circulating HPV cell-free DNA in cervical cancer using liquid biopsy.

Liquid biopsies, which analyze circulating tumor cells or cell-free circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) from blood, have emerged as promising cancer detection and monitoring tools. Specifically, human papillomavirus (HPV) cell-free (cf) DNA is gaining recognition as a prognostic marker in high-risk HPV-related cancers. However, detecting circulating markers for cervical cancer (CC) requires highly sensitive techniques to quantify circulating HPV DNA.

Biocompatible silicomolybdic acid-promoted one-pot expeditious synthesis of 1,2,3--triazoles.

The present work describes a new and practical approach for the one-pot preparation of 4-aryl--1,2,3-triazoles and 4-glycosyl--1,2,3-triazoles from a multicomponent reaction involving aldehydes, nitroalkanes, and sodium azide in the presence of 5 mol% of silicomolybdic acid (SMA) as a versatile and biocompatible catalyst. One-pot sequential formation of C-C and C-N bonds, high reaction yield, biocompatible nature of catalyst, easy handling, and broad substrate scope of 1,2,3-triazoles are the notable advantages of the present protocol.

Hot Injection Assisted Electronically Modulated Twin and Grain Boundary Rich Sub-2 nm PtCo Alloy Resistant to Phosphate Ion for PEMFCs.

Modulation of the electronic d-band center, structural defects (line defects), and particle size of PtCo alloy electrocatalyst have huge significance in elevating its electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction activity. Deviating from traditional high-temperature strategies, the current work focuses on ripening these benefits by implying a simple economically viable hot-injection-assisted modified polyol process. A conclusive control over decrementing particle size starting from 2.