ChroMOS: a "microwire-like" CMOS neural probe for chronic neural recordings in mice.

Achieving stable and continuous monitoring of signals of numerous single neurons in the brain faces the conflicting challenge of increasing the microelectrode count while minimizing cross-sectional shank dimensions to reduce tissue damage, foreign-body-reaction and maintain signal quality. Passive probes need to route each microelectrode individually to external electronics, thus increasing shank size and tissue-damage as the number of electrodes grows. Active complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) probes overcome the limitation in electrode count and density with on-probe frontend, addressing and multiplexing circuits, but current probes have relatively large shank widths of 70 - 100 μm.

Simultaneous high-density 512-channel SiNAPS electrical recordings and optogenetics.

The experimental use of CMOS high-density neural probes enables the wide field observation of the electrical activity of neural circuits at the resolution of single neurons. Optogenetic light stimulation allows to control and modulate the activity of neural cells, in a genetically selective manner. The combination of these techniques can be a powerful approach for investigating mechanisms of brain diseases and of information processing in the brain.

Multi-Shank 1024 Channels Active SiNAPS Probe for Large Multi-Regional Topographical Electrophysiological Mapping of Neural Dynamics.

Implantable active dense CMOS neural probes unlock the possibility of spatiotemporally resolving the activity of hundreds of single neurons in multiple brain circuits to investigate brain dynamics. Mapping neural dynamics in brain circuits with anatomical structures spanning several millimeters, however, remains challenging. Here, a CMOS neural probe advancing lateral sampling for mapping intracortical neural dynamics (both LFPs and spikes) in awake, behaving mice from an area >4 mm is demonstrated.

Multi-shank 1024 channels active SiNAPS probe for large multi-regional topographical electrophysiological mapping of neural dynamics.

Implantable active dense CMOS neural probes unlock the possibility of spatiotemporally resolving the activity of hundreds of single neurons in multiple brain circuits to investigate brain dynamics. Mapping neural dynamics in brain circuits with anatomical structures spanning several millimeters, however, remains challenging. Here, we demonstrate the first CMOS neural probe for mapping intracortical neural dynamics (both LFPs and spikes) in awake, behaving mice from an area >4 mm.

Off-label use of interwoven carotid stent in common femoral artery occlusion after surgery.

Open surgery is the gold standard for treating common and deep femoral arterial lesions. Nevertheless, significant data have emerged in recent years supporting an endovascular strategy for this peculiar anatomic region, despite certain disadvantages, including the requirement for strong compression resistance and excellent flexibility and conformability when stents are implanted. We present a case of critical limb ischemia due to total common and deep femoral arteries occlusion after endarterectomy that resulted in a very tapered lesion.

Integrated Micro-Devices for a Lab-in-Organoid Technology Platform: Current Status and Future Perspectives.

Advancements in stem cell technology together with an improved understanding of organogenesis have enabled new routes that exploit cell-autonomous self-organization responses of adult stem cells (ASCs) and homogenous pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) to grow complex, three-dimensional (3D), mini-organ like structures on demand, the so-called organoids. Conventional optical and electrical neurophysiological techniques to acquire functional data from brain organoids, however, are not adequate for chronic recordings of neural activity from these model systems, and are not ideal approaches for throughput screenings applied to drug discovery. To overcome these issues, new emerging approaches aim at fusing sensing mechanisms and/or actuating artificial devices within organoids.

Imaging of pancreatic metastases from renal cell carcinoma.

Background: To describe the main imaging characteristics of pancreatic metastases from renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with particular attention to CT features, underlining possible criteria for a differential diagnosis.

Methods: 15 patients have been included in this study. 14 patients underwent multislice CT with triphasic acquisition (unenhanced, pancreatic parenchymal and portal venous phases).

Subtyping of primary aldosteronism by adrenal vein sampling: effect of acute D(2) receptor dopaminergic blockade on adrenal vein cortisol and chromogranin A levels.

Background: Adrenal vein sampling (AVS) is the gold standard for identifying the surgically curable forms of primary aldosteronism. Dopamine modulates adrenocortical steroidogenesis and tonically inhibits aldosterone secretion via D(2) receptor. However, whether it could also affect the release of cortisol and chromogranin A (ChA), which can be used to assess the selectivity of AVS, is unknown.

Chromogranin a measurement for assessing the selectivity of adrenal venous sampling in primary aldosteronism.

Context: The assessment of selectivity of blood sampling is a fundamental step for a proper interpretation of the results of adrenal vein sampling (AVS), which is a "must" for identifying the surgically curable subtypes of primary aldosteronism. However, uncertainties remain on how to best achieve this goal.

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate whether chromogranin A (ChA) is tonically released in adrenal vein blood and might be used to assess the selectivity of AVS.

Impact of accessory hepatic veins on adrenal vein sampling for identification of surgically curable primary aldosteronism.

Adrenal vein sampling is the gold standard for identification of surgically curable primary aldosteronism, but its accuracy might be hindered by blood dilution from accessory vein blood. We prospectively investigated the presence of accessory veins draining into adrenal veins and their effect on the selectivity index (SI) in 74 consecutive patients undergoing adrenal vein sampling. On the right side, the venous anatomic pattern could be conclusively determined in 91.

Predictors of an appropriate admission to an ICU after a major pulmonary resection.

Background: There are no recommendations about admission to an ICU after a major lung resection and there are considerable differences among institutions in this respect.

Objectives: To audit the practice of admission to an ICU after a major lung resection and evaluate factors predicting the need for intensive care.

Methods: Clinicalrecords of all patients who underwent major pulmonary resections in a 14-month period were reviewed retrospectively.