Antifungal Agents in the 21st Century: Advances, Challenges, and Future Perspectives.

Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) represent a growing global health threat, particularly for immunocompromised populations, with mortality exceeding 1.5 million deaths annually. Despite their clinical and economic burden-costing billions in healthcare expenditures-fungal infections remain underprioritized in public health agendas.

Optimizing HCV Management Among Rohingya Refugees in Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh: Addressing Cofactors and Environmental Risks to Mitigate Long-Term Liver Disease Complications.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is increasingly reported among Rohingya refugees in Cox's Bazar, with active infection rates in adults reaching 20% by 2023. The risk of liver disease progression and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) may be amplified by coexisting factors such as chronic malnutrition, coinfections, aflatoxin exposure, metabolic disorders, and environmental toxins. Despite WHO-led efforts, data on these risk factors remain fragmented, and access to care is limited.

The Use of Self-Sampling Devices via a Smartphone Application to Encourage Participation in Cervical Cancer Screening: A Pilot Study.

Cervical cancer ranks among the most prevalent tumors in low-income countries, with the Pap test as one of the primary screening tools. The Pap smear detects abnormal cells, the CLART test identifies specific HPV genotypes, and HPV self-sampling allows for self-collected HPV testing. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of the first smartphone-based health device for home-collection HPV testing.

RETRACTED: Branda et al. Zoonotic Paramyxoviruses: Evolution, Ecology, and Public Health Strategies in a Changing World. 2024, , 1688.

The journal retracts the article "Zoonotic Paramyxoviruses: Evolution, Ecology, and Public Health Strategies in a Changing World" [...

An Antibiotic Stewardship Program in Pancreatic Surgery.

Importance: Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programs optimize antibiotic use and mitigate antimicrobial resistance. The literature on the efficacy of AMS programs in pancreatic surgery is limited.

Objective: To investigate the association of a multifaceted AMS intervention targeting surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP) with the rate of surgical site infections (SSIs) following pancreatic surgery.

Computational modeling of infectious diseases: insights from network-based simulations on measles.

Background: Computational modelling of disease spread is crucial for understanding the dynamics of infectious outbreaks and assessing the effectiveness of control measures. In particular, network-based models for disease spreading offer detailed, granular insights into heterogeneous interactions and enable dynamic simulation of intervention strategies. Therefore, they offer valuable insights into the factors influencing disease spread, enabling public health authorities to develop effective containment strategies.

Measles Tracker: a near-real-time data hub for measles surveillance.

Objectives: Measles continues to pose a serious threat to global public health, fueled by declining vaccination rates, international travel, and persistent immunization gaps. Early outbreak detection and response remain hampered by fragmented surveillance systems, which often lack interoperability and limit data accessibility.

Materials And Methods: To address the major limitations of current measles surveillance systems-including data fragmentation and lack of standardization-we developed Measles Tracker, an integrated near-real-time data hub that centralizes and harmonizes measles surveillance data in the United States using publicly available sources.

Human T-Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV): Epidemiology, Genetic, Pathogenesis, and Future Challenges.

Human T-lymphotropic viruses (HTLVs) are deltaretroviruses infecting millions of individuals worldwide, with HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 being the most widespread and clinically relevant types. HTLV-1 is associated with severe diseases such as adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), while HTLV-2 shows a lower pathogenic potential, with occasional links to neurological disorders. HTLV-3 and HTLV-4, identified in Central Africa, remain poorly characterized but are genetically close to their simian counterparts, indicating recent zoonotic transmission events.

Epidemiology and Genetic Characterization of Distinct Ebola Sudan Outbreaks in Uganda.

. Sudan virus (SUDV) has caused multiple outbreaks in Uganda over the past two decades, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. The recent outbreaks in 2022 and 2025 highlight the ongoing threat posed by SUDV and the challenges in its containment.

Outbreak of Enterovirus D68 in Young Children, Brescia, Italy, August to November 2024.

Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) is responsible for a plethora of clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic infections to severe respiratory symptoms and neurological disorders. EV-D68 was first detected in children with pneumonia in 1962 and, from then, only sporadic cases were reported until 2014, when outbreaks were notified across the world. After the withdrawal of preventive measures against SARS-CoV-2, a significant increase in EV-D68 infections has been reported in 2021-2022.

Heparan sulfate proteoglycans remodel SARS-CoV-2 spike conformation to allow integrin interaction and infection of endothelial cells.

SARS-CoV-2 infects ACE2-negative primary HL-mECs through the interaction of an RGD motif, included in all spike proteins, up to the Omicron BA.1 subvariant, with αβ integrin. Following its entry, SARS-CoV-2 remodels ECs phenotype and promotes angiogenesis in the absence of productive viral replication.

Equine Influenza: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Strategies for Prevention and Control.

Equine influenza (EI) is a highly contagious respiratory disease caused by the equine influenza virus (EIV), posing a significant threat to equine populations worldwide. EIV exhibits considerable antigenic variability due to its segmented genome, complicating long-term disease control efforts. Although infections are rarely fatal, EIV's high transmissibility results in widespread outbreaks, leading to substantial morbidity and considerable economic impacts on veterinary care, quarantine, and equestrian activities.

Comprehensive Analysis of Influenza Viruses' Trends in Italy: Insights from a Nationwide and Regional Perspective.

. Influenza remains a significant public health issue, with seasonal trends varying across regions. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of influenza virus trends in Italy, leveraging epidemiological and virological data from the Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS).

Real-time epidemiological surveillance data: tracking the occurrences of avian influenza outbreaks around the world.

Objectives: This study aims to provide real-time surveillance of epidemiological outbreaks of avian influenza in humans and mammals. The primary objective is to understand and track the dynamics of outbreaks as they develop, facilitating timely interventions and informed public health decisions. The data collection is part of a broader initiative focused on improving preparedness and response capabilities to emerging health threats.