Biomarker-related phospho-tau217 appears in synapses around Aβ plaques prior to tau tangle in cerebral cortex of preclinical Alzheimer's disease.

Phospho-tau protein p-tau181 is a cerebrospinal fluid biomarker for Alzheimer's disease (AD), while p-tau217 is the most sensitive plasma biomarker for cerebral amyloid β (Aβ) load prior to tau pathology in preclinical AD. Diagnostic and prognostic use of these p-tau biomarkers requires neuropathological interpretation. Here, we analyzed the cellular localization of biomarker p-tau species in postmortem human brains harboring different extents of Aβ plaque and tau pathology.

Associations Among Serum Transferrin Levels, Markers of Malnutrition, and Mortality in Hemodialysis Patients.

Introduction: A serum transferrin (transferrin) level below 200 mg/dL has been suggested as an indicator of malnutrition in hemodialysis (HD) patients. We investigated the relationships among transferrin levels, various markers of malnutrition, and 1-year mortality in this patient population.

Methods: We assessed transferrin, ferritin, and transferrin saturation (TSAT) five times over 1 year.

Natalizumab-Associated Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy After Natalizumab Extended Interval Dosing Therapy in Japan.

Objective: To describe 5 confirmed cases of natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (NTZ-PML) in Japan.

Methods: The Nationwide PML Surveillance Committee requires mandatory registration of all natalizumab cases and reporting by affiliated facilities conducting JC DNA testing. Suspected PML cases were reviewed by the committee and classified as definite, probable, possible, or non-PML based on established diagnostic criteria.

HAPLN2 forms aggregates and promotes microglial inflammation during brain aging in mice.

Protein aggregation is a hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases and is also observed in the brains of elderly individuals without such conditions, suggesting that aging drives the accumulation of protein aggregates. However, the comprehensive understanding of age-dependent protein aggregates involved in brain aging remains unclear. Here, we investigated proteins that become sarkosyl-insoluble with age and identified hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 2 (HAPLN2), a hyaluronic acid-binding protein of the extracellular matrix at the nodes of Ranvier, as an age-dependent aggregating protein in mouse brains.

Minimized Medial Soft Tissue Release with Bone-Recut Adjustment Improves Short-Term Outcomes: Compared with Medial Release in Posterior-Stabilized Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Background: Managing soft-tissue balance and selecting an appropriate alignment target are crucial factors in modern total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Medial soft-tissue release has been widely performed in posterior-stabilized (PS) TKA; however, recent approaches to medial structure management have been reconsidered. This retrospective study aimed to assess the effectiveness of minimizing medial structure invasion using personalized alignment (PA) with precise additional bone cutting in PS-TKA compared with conventional mechanically aligned (MA) PS-TKA.

Overview of MRI findings in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a severe demyelinating disease of the central nervous system caused by JC virus (JCV) infection. PML affects patients with various underlying conditions, such as HIV/AIDS, hematological malignancies, organ transplants, autoimmune diseases, or multiple sclerosis particularly those receiving disease-modifying therapies. MRI plays a crucial role in diagnosis, demonstrating characteristic findings across multiple sequences, including T2-weighted imaging (T2WI)/fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), T1-weighted imaging (T1WI), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI).

Contemporary positive signs of functional limb weakness in post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2: an exploratory analysis of their utility in diagnosis and follow-up.

Background: Sequelae of the acute phase of coronavirus disease-19, termed long COVID, are characterised by numerous indicators, including neurological symptoms. Functional neurological disorder (FND) can occur with or without various structural diseases. No previous study has examined the relationship between long COVID and FND, with positive signs for FND.

Visual hallucinations in Parkinson's disease: The critical role of intermediate nucleus basalis of Meynert.

Background And Objective: Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) often experience visual hallucinations (VH) and delusions. PD patients with VH reportedly have a higher incidence of dementia than PD patients without VH. The nucleus basalis of Meynert (nbM) comprises acetylcholine-releasing neurons that are critical for memory, attention, and arousal.

Anteromedial structures, including the joint capsule sleeve and the deep collateral ligament, serve as a stabilizer and contribute to midflexion stability in cruciate ligament-deficient knees: A cadaveric study.

Introduction/objectives: The specific contributions of the soft tissue attachments along the tibial rim remain poorly understood, while the importance of medial stability in the knee joint has been widely emphasized. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of releasing individual anteromedial stabilizers by replicating the soft tissue release typically performed in total knee arthroplasty.

Methods: Eight cadaveric knees were evaluated.

Chair Freeze, a Basic Posture in Breaking, Exerts Over 1.5 Times the Contact Pressure Concentrating on the Radial Half of the Palm Compared to Handstand.

Introduction: Excessive contact forces on the hands during breaking can potentially cause a high injury incidence. Chair freeze is a basic posture unique to breaking; however, its effect on the hands remains unclear. Clarifying dancer-specific factors is essential for preventing trauma and overuse injuries.

Diverse tau pathologies in late-life mood disorders revealed by PET and autopsy assays.

Introduction: Late-life mood disorders (LLMDs) may represent prodromal manifestations of neurodegenerative dementia; however, the neuropathological basis of LLMDs, including depression and bipolar disorder, remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the involvement of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and non-AD tau pathologies in LLMD participants.

Methods: Fifty-two LLMD participants and 47 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) underwent tau and amyloid beta (Aβ) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging using F-florzolotau and C-Pittsburgh compound B.

Effect of Femoral Neck Anteversion on Postoperative Intact Ratio of Curved Varus Osteotomy for Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head: A Computed Tomography-Based Simulation Study.

Background: The postoperative intact ratio-referring to the percentage of viable bone in the weight-bearing area of the femoral head after curved varus osteotomy (CVO)-is critical for a successful postoperative outcome. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of femoral neck anteversion on the postoperative intact ratio in CVO.

Methods: We performed a computed tomography-based simulation of 21 hips with type C1 osteonecrosis of the femoral head according to the Japanese Investigation Committee classification.

Radiographic Progression in the Pre-Radiographic Stage of Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head.

Background: Early and accurate diagnosis of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is crucial for the success of joint-preserving treatments. Although multimodal diagnostic criteria, including radiographs, enhance diagnostic accuracy, they are limited in detecting preradiographic stages. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely utilized; however, it is associated with the risk of overdiagnosis.

Association of rare missense variants with Alzheimer's disease in the Japanese population.

BackgroundLittle is known about the rare missense variants (RMVs) of in East Asians, including the Japanese, and their association with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and lipid metabolism.ObjectiveTo identify RMVs in the Japanese population and investigate their association with AD and lipid metabolism, including low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels.Methods RMVs were explored in the Niigata (NIG; 2589 subjects) and Tohoku (ToMMo; 3307 subjects) cohorts.

[Prion Diseases].

Prion diseases are classified into two types: sporadic and genetic prion diseases with PRNP mutations. Genetic prion diseases may present a clinicopathologic phenotype similar to that observed in sporadic prion diseases. Therefore, genetic analysis is important for ensuring accurate diagnosis.

Two Brothers With ADSS1 Myopathy: A Report of Clinical, Radiological, and Autopsy Findings.

ADSS1 myopathy, previously known as adenylosuccinate synthetase-like 1 (ADSSL1) myopathy, is an autosomal recessive muscle disease caused by variants in ADSS1 (adenylosuccinate synthase 1). ADSS1 myopathy is complicated by respiratory muscle weakness or cardiomyopathy as well as limb muscle weakness. We analyzed two siblings with ADSS1 myopathy, both harboring compound heterozygous pathogenic variants (c.

Pressure dispersion pad use allows patients to kneel comfortably after total knee arthroplasty.

Purpose: This study aimed to clarify the contact pressure at which patients with difficulty in kneeling after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) feel pain and the contact pressure at which kneeling can be performed after using a pressure dispersion pad.

Methods: Sixty patients (69 knees) who underwent TKA for end-stage knee osteoarthritis were included. The patients performed single stance kneeling on the sheet-type pressure mapping system, and the contact pressure and area were measured before and after using the pressure dispersion pad.

Renal protective effects of extracellular vesicle-encapsulated tumor necrosis factor-α-induced protein 6 derived from mesenchymal stem cells.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is involved in subsequent chronic kidney disease (CKD) development, and effective treatments to prevent AKI to CKD progression are lacking. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are emerging as a promising cellular therapy to impede such progression through the secretion of various humoral factors. Among these factors, tumor necrosis factor-α-induced protein 6 (TSG-6) has a central role in the anti-inflammatory effects of MSCs.

Targeting MLL1/WDR5-Mediated Epigenetic Regulation Mitigates Peritoneal Fibrosis by Reducing p16.

Peritoneal fibrosis poses a significant challenge to the long-term efficacy of peritoneal dialysis (PD), with emerging evidence highlighting the role of cellular senescence in its pathogenesis. p16 is a cell cycle regulator that has been implicated in cellular senescence. Mixed-lineage leukemia 1 (MLL1) forms a complex with WD-40 repeat protein 5 (WDR5) and exhibits histone H3K4 methyltransferase activity.

Type I collagen secreted in white matter lesions inhibits remyelination and functional recovery.

White matter injury is caused by cerebral blood flow disturbances associated with stroke and demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Remyelination is induced spontaneously after white matter injury, but progressive multiple sclerosis and white matter stroke are usually characterised by remyelination failure. However, the mechanisms underlying impaired remyelination in lesions caused by demyelination and stroke remain unclear.

Epigenetic histone modifications in kidney disease and epigenetic memory.

Background: Epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs, are influenced by environmental factors and play a central role in the progression and therapeutic targeting of kidney diseases, such as diabetic kidney disease (DKD), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and hypertension. These epigenetic changes are also preserved as cellular memory, with this "epigenetic memory" known to have long-term effects on such chronic diseases. Histone modifications are readily reversible epigenetic changes that regulate gene expression by altering chromatin structure or providing docking sites for transcriptional regulators.

Peritoneal dialysis-associated polymicrobial peritonitis with slow onset after root canal treatment: the first case and review of the literature.

Background: Peritoneal dialysis (PD)-associated peritonitis is linked to an increased risk of mortality and catheter removal, with a higher incidence of these risks observed in polymicrobial peritonitis compared with single-organism infection. In PD patients, invasive procedures can cause peritonitis, typically within 7 days, through transient bacteremia. Although dental procedures are widely recognized as a cause of transient bacteremia, only a limited number of cases involving PD-associated peritonitis after dental procedures, and no cases of polymicrobial peritonitis, have been reported.

Posterior capsular release improves intraoperative flexion contracture without affecting knee kinematics in posterior-stabilized total knee arthroplasty.

Objectives: Posterior capsular release (PCR) is widely performed in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for late-stage knee osteoarthritis with severe flexion contracture. PCR enables obtaining an appropriate bone gap, resulting in an improvement in the knee extension angle after TKA. Despite its efficacy, little is known about its influence on knee kinematics.