Evaluation of immune microenvironment in non-small cell lung carcinoma after neoadjuvant immunotherapy: a case report.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors are increasingly used in neoadjuvant non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Data regarding histologic features of the tumor microenvironment in this group of patients are limited. This study aimed to analyze the histologic features and the immune cell infiltrates within the tumor microenvironment of NSCLC after neoadjuvant immunotherapy.

Recurrent Systemic Embolization in a Patient With Aortic Valve Amyloidosis.

A rare case of a 47-year-old woman with recurrent thromboembolic events, including STEMI and lower limb ischemia, diagnosed with aortic valve thrombosis caused by isolated aortic valve amyloidosis in the setting of overlapping antiphospholipid syndrome.

ADAR1 expression is associated with cervical cancer progression and negatively regulates NK cell activity.

ADAR1 edits double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) by deaminating adenosines into inosines, preventing aberrant activation of innate immunity by endogenous dsRNAs, which may resemble viral structures. Several tumors exploit ADAR1 to evade immune surveillance; indeed, its deletion reduces tumor viability and reshapes infiltrating leukocytes. Here we investigated the role of ADAR1 in immune evasion mechanisms during cervical cancer (CC) progression.

Immunotherapy in recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: PD-L1 and beyond.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a prominent global health concern because of its high incidence, aggressive clinical behavior, and scarce therapeutic options. The management of these neoplasms in the recurrent/metastatic setting has been revolutionized following the results of key clinical trials, leading to the advent of immunotherapeutic agents targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis. Despite the exciting results obtained with the new drugs, immunotherapy is helpful only in a sizable minority of patients, and there is a pressing need to identify reliable predictive biomarkers for patient selection.

Endometrial cancer tissue features clusterization by kurtosis MRI.

Background: Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most common gynecological malignancies and the second most common gynecological malignancy cause of death in women. Heterogeneous tissues with different grades of complexity and different diffusion properties characterize the EC. Several diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (DMRI) protocols have been used to perform a non-invasive and global evaluation of EC for diagnostic and prognostic purposes.

InterobServer AgreeMent in Pd-l1 evaLuatIoN on cytoloGical samples-SAMPLING project: A multi-institutional, international study.

Introduction: The aim of this project is to assess interobserver agreement for programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) scoring on of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) on cytological specimens in a large-scale multicenter study, by exploiting the cell block-derived tissue microarray (cbTMA) approach.

Methods: A total of 65 cell blocks (CB) diagnosed as NSCLC were retrospectively collected and selected for TMA preparation. Hematoxylin-eosin and PD-L1 stained slides were digitized and uploaded on a free web sharing platform.

Thromboembolic Risk in Sinus Rhythm: A New Paradigm in Light Chain Cardiac Amyloidosis.

Thromboembolic risk is increased in cardiac amyloidosis, and this goes beyond the occurrence of atrial fibrillation in these patients. A 56-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for a presyncopal episode. Clinical and instrumental findings led to a diagnosis of light chain cardiac amyloidosis.

Clinical, histologic, and immunologic signatures of Small Fiber Neuropathy in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

Background And Objectives: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) often causes damage to small nerve fibers, leading to distressing painful and autonomic symptoms. Despite this, Small Fiber Neuropathy (SFN) remains an underrecognized complication for SLE patients. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to assess SFN in patients with SLE and to explore its correlations with immunologic disease features and clinical manifestations.

Intron retention in PI-PLC γ1 mRNA as a key mechanism affecting MMP expression in human primary fibroblast-like synovial cells.

The intron retention (IR) is a phenomenon utilized by cells to allow diverse fates at the same mRNA, leading to a different pattern of synthesis of the same protein. In this study, we analyzed the modulation of phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) enzymes by Harpagophytum procumbens extract (HPE) in synoviocytes from joins of osteoarthritis (OA) patients. In some samples, the PI-PLC γ1 isoform mature mRNA showed the IR and, in these synoviocytes, the HPE treatment increased the phenomenon.

The effect of cellular nuclear function alteration on the pathogenesis of shoulder adhesive capsulitis: an immunohistochemical study on lamin A/C expression.

Background: The network of intermediate filament proteins underlying the inner nuclear membrane forms the nuclear lamina. Lamins have been associated with important cellular functions: DNA replication, chromatin organization, differentiation of the cell, apoptosis and in maintenance of nuclear structure. Little is known regarding the etiopathogenesis of adhesive capsulitis (AC); recently, a dysregulating fibrotic response starting from a subpopulation has been described within the fibroblast compartment, which suddenly turns on an activated phenotype.

[Case Report: MPO-ANCA Associated Vasculitis After Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination].

We report a case of MPO-anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody ANCA-associated vasculitis, with pulmonary-renal syndrome, after the mRNA booster third dose vaccine Pfizer BioNTech against COVID-19 in 71-year-old Caucasian man with no specific past medical history. A kidney biopsy diagnosed ANCA-associated pauci-immune crescentic glomerulonephritis. Renal function and constitutional symptoms have been partially improved with treatment with dialysis, intravenous rituximab and steroid pulse therapy.

Epstein-Barr virus-encoded EBNA2 downregulates ICOSL by inducing miR-24 in B-cell lymphoma.

Hematological malignancies such as Burkitt lymphoma (BL), Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cause significant morbidity in humans. A substantial number of these lymphomas, particularly HL and DLBCLs have poorer prognosis because of their association with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Our earlier studies have shown that EBV-encoded nuclear antigen (EBNA2) upregulates programmed cell death ligand 1 in DLBCL and BLs by downregulating microRNA-34a.

PD-L1 testing in metastatic triple negative breast cancer: Results of an Italian survey.

Background: Immunotherapy has revolutionized the approach to metastatic triple-negative breast cancers. Atezolizumab was approved for patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancers whose tumors express PD-L1, determined by SP 142 assay. To assess the availability and practice of SP142 test we administered a survey to all the 15 pathology departments of the Lazio Region during a six-month period.

PAD4-Induced NETosis Via Cathepsin G-Mediated Platelet-Neutrophil Interaction in ChAdOx1 Vaccine-Induced Thrombosis-Brief Report.

Background: Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) is a rare syndrome characterized by platelet anti-PF4 (platelet-activating antiplatelet factor 4)-related thrombosis. Platelet-neutrophil interaction has been suggested to play a role, but the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated.

Methods: The study included 10 patients with VITT after ChAdOx1 (chimpanzee adenovirus Oxford 1) nCoV-19 (Oxford-AstraZeneca) vaccine administration, 10 patients with ischemic stroke (IS), 10 patients with acute deep vein thrombosis, and 10 control subjects in whom blood levels of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), soluble TF (tissue factor), and thrombin generation were examined.

Involvement of Substance P (SP) and Its Related NK1 Receptor in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome (pSS) Pathogenesis.

Primary Sjögren's Syndrome (pSS) is a systemic autoimmune disease that primarily attacks the lacrimal and salivary glands, resulting in impaired secretory function characterized by xerostomia and xerophthalmia. Patients with pSS have been shown to have impaired salivary gland innervation and altered circulating levels of neuropeptides thought to be a cause of decreased salivation, including substance P (SP). Using Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence studies, we examined the expression levels of SP and its preferred G protein-coupled TK Receptor 1 (NK1R) and apoptosis markers in biopsies of the minor salivary gland (MSG) from pSS patients compared with patients with idiopathic sicca syndrome.

Toll-Like Receptor 4-Dependent Platelet-Related Thrombosis in SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

Background: SARS-CoV-2 is associated with an increased risk of venous and arterial thrombosis, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear.

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of platelet function in 25 SARS-CoV-2 and 10 healthy subjects by measuring Nox2 (NADPH oxidase 2)-derived oxidative stress and thromboxane B, and investigated if administration of monoclonal antibodies against the S protein (Spike protein) of SARS-CoV-2 affects platelet activation. Furthermore, we investigated in vitro if the S protein of SARS-CoV-2 or plasma from SARS-CoV-2 enhanced platelet activation.

MRI- and Histologic-Molecular-Based Radio-Genomics Nomogram for Preoperative Assessment of Risk Classes in Endometrial Cancer.

High- and low-risk endometrial carcinoma (EC) differ in whether or not a lymphadenectomy is performed. We aimed to develop MRI-based radio-genomic models able to preoperatively assess lymph-vascular space invasion (LVSI) and discriminate between low- and high-risk EC according to the ESMO-ESGO-ESTRO 2020 guidelines, which include molecular risk classification proposed by "ProMisE". This is a retrospective, multicentric study that included 64 women with EC who underwent 3T-MRI before a hysterectomy.

Evidence of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein on retrieved thrombi from COVID-19 patients.

The pathophysiology of COVID-19-associated coagulopathy is complex and not fully understood. SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (SP) may activate platelets and interact with fibrin(ogen). We aimed to investigate whether isolated SP can be present in clots retrieved in COVID-19 patients with acute ischemic stroke (by mechanical thrombectomy) and myocardial infarction.

Root Extract Mediates Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Osteoarthritis Synoviocytes through CB2 Activation.

The endocannabinoid system is involved in the nociceptive and anti-inflammatory pathways, and a lowered expression of CB2 receptors has been associated with inflammatory conditions, such as osteoarthritis (OA). This suggests that CB2 modulators could be novel therapeutic tools to treat OA. In the present study, the involvement of root extract, a common ingredient of nutraceuticals used to treat joint disorders, in CB2 modulation has been evaluated.

Radical Surgery After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Locally Advanced Neuroendocrine Cancer of the Cervix.

Background/aim: Although still controversial, the current treatment for locally advanced neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix (NECC) relies on chemoradiation (CRT). The aim of this study is to evaluate the alternative role of combined chemotherapy and surgery in treating NECC.

Patients And Methods: This is a retrospective series of patients undergoing radical surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) for locally advanced NECC (stages IIB-IVA).

Nuclear lamin A in rotator cuff tear margin tenocytes: an antiapoptotic and cell mechanostat factor.

Background: The network of intermediate filament proteins underlying the inner nuclear membrane forms the nuclear lamin. A- and B-type lamins are the major components of the nuclear lamina. Lamins function in many nuclear activities.

PD-L1 expression is associated with tumor infiltrating lymphocytes that predict response to NACT in squamous cell cervical cancer.

Cancer immunotherapy has significantly improved the management of many malignancies in recent years. Although cervical cancer is the second most common women's cancer in the world, there are still few information about the role of checkpoint inhibitors in this neoplasm, especially in the neoadjuvant setting. In the present study, we retrieved 38 consecutive patients with squamous cell cervical cancer who underwent platinum-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) followed by radical surgery.

Antiarthritic Effects of a Root Extract from DC: Novel Insights into the Molecular Mechanisms and Possible Bioactive Phytochemicals.

(Burch.) DC. ex Meisn.