Eustachian tube dysfunction in professional navy divers workers.

Background: Eustachian tube represents the anterior part of the middle ear. Its role is to maintain the pressure balance between the external and middle ear, especially in some jobs such as divers.

Objectives: This clinical study aimed to evaluate Eustachian tube (ET) dysfunction in a cohort of professional divers.

Airway Management in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Comprehensive Review of Assessment Strategies, Techniques, and Technological Advances.

: Airway management in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) presents unique challenges for anesthesiologists and other airway practitioners. This comprehensive review examines current evidence and clinical practices for managing difficult airways in this high-risk population. OSA is characterized by specific anatomical and physiological alterations that increase both the likelihood of encountering difficult intubation and the risk of rapid desaturation during airway manipulation.

The Global Burden of Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

This study reviewed the global prevalence, health and socioeconomic impact, and management approaches of obstructive sleep apnea. The narrative review examined three key dimensions: (1) worldwide OSA prevalence across different regions, accounting for variations in diagnostic standards; (2) OSA's effects on health outcomes and socioeconomic conditions across diverse populations and healthcare systems; and (3) current global approaches to OSA diagnosis, treatment, and public health management. Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, a large proportion of OSA cases remain undiagnosed or inadequately managed.

The SAPIENS 3D-printed temporal bone model: a real tool for advanced otologic surgery education.

Objective: Our study focused on the development and evaluation of the SAPIENS (Specific Anatomical Printed-3D-model In Education and New Surgical Simulations) as a valid tool for otologic surgical education.

Methods: Twenty junior otolaryngologist surgeons in training were enrolled in the study. Each participant was invited to perform dissection of three different temporal bones.

Involvement of Substance P (SP) and Its Related NK1 Receptor in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome (pSS) Pathogenesis.

Primary Sjögren's Syndrome (pSS) is a systemic autoimmune disease that primarily attacks the lacrimal and salivary glands, resulting in impaired secretory function characterized by xerostomia and xerophthalmia. Patients with pSS have been shown to have impaired salivary gland innervation and altered circulating levels of neuropeptides thought to be a cause of decreased salivation, including substance P (SP). Using Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence studies, we examined the expression levels of SP and its preferred G protein-coupled TK Receptor 1 (NK1R) and apoptosis markers in biopsies of the minor salivary gland (MSG) from pSS patients compared with patients with idiopathic sicca syndrome.

Post-COVID-19 Anosmia and Therapies: Stay Tuned for New Drugs to Sniff Out.

Anosmia is defined as the complete absence of olfactory function, which can be caused by a variety of causes, with upper respiratory tract infections being among the most frequent causes. Anosmia due to SARS-CoV-2 infection has attracted attention given its main role in symptomatology and the social impact of the pandemic. We conducted systematic research in a clinicaltrials.

Neurons, Nose, and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Olfactory Function and Cognitive Impairment.

Olfactory capacity declines with aging, but increasing evidence shows that smell dysfunction is one of the early signs of prodromal neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. The study of olfactory ability and its role in neurodegenerative diseases arouses much interest in the scientific community. In neurology, olfactory impairment is a potential early marker for the onset of neurodegenerative diseases, but the underlying mechanism is poorly understood.

Salivary Biomarkers in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Proteomic Overview.

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most frequent cancers worldwide. Endoscopic methods may be useful in the evaluation of oral injuries even though the diagnostic gold standard is a biopsy. Targeted screenings could be considered the best way to prevent the occurrence of oral cancer.