Clear Cell Neoplasm in Salivary Gland FNA? Maybe It's From Kidney!

This article reports a rare case of metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma presenting as a parotid gland mass, clinically and cytologically mimicking a primary salivary gland neoplasm. It underscores the diagnostic value of integrating cytological evaluation with clinical history and immunocytochemical profiling.

The Interconnection Between UbcH10, p53, and EGFR in Lung Cancer Cells and Their Involvement in Treatment Response.

: The UbcH10 protein plays an important role in a variety of human malignancies, including thyroid, breast, ovarian, and colorectal carcinomas. It has been previously reported that UbcH10 is overexpressed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) compared to normal lungs and that its expression is directly and inversely correlated with the mutational status of and , respectively. : We transfected lung cancer cells with wild-type and mutant forms of , modulated the expression of UbcH10 and p53, and treated these cells with tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) erlotinib.

A challenging case of enteric-type lung adenocarcinoma metastatic to the thyroid harboring RET-fusion diagnosed on fine-needle aspiration.

Enteric-type lung adenocarcinoma is a histological entity where the enteric component exceeds 50% and must show the expression of at least one immunohistochemical marker of enteric differentiation. The most common differential diagnosis is colorectal carcinoma. Molecular alterations less commonly observed in colorectal adenocarcinoma but more frequently associated with enteric-type lung adenocarcinoma can be helpful in differential diagnosis.

InterobServer AgreeMent in Pd-l1 evaLuatIoN on cytoloGical samples-SAMPLING project: A multi-institutional, international study.

Introduction: The aim of this project is to assess interobserver agreement for programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) scoring on of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) on cytological specimens in a large-scale multicenter study, by exploiting the cell block-derived tissue microarray (cbTMA) approach.

Methods: A total of 65 cell blocks (CB) diagnosed as NSCLC were retrospectively collected and selected for TMA preparation. Hematoxylin-eosin and PD-L1 stained slides were digitized and uploaded on a free web sharing platform.

Interventional cytopathologist perspective on the Milan System Classification: a study on 929 consecutive salivary gland fine-needle aspirations with a focus on challenging diagnostic categories.

Background: Although the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (MSRSGC) has improved the diagnosis and management of salivary gland lesions, determining the risk of malignancy (ROM) for AUS and SUMP categories remains challenging. We investigated the role of interventional cytopathologists in refining the differential diagnosis of these categories.

Methods: We searched for salivary gland fine-needle aspirations (FNAs) performed at our Institution since the publication of the first edition of MSRSGC.

RNA-Based Next-Generation Sequencing in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer patients: data from Campania, Italy.

Objective: ALK, ROS1, NTRK, and RET gene fusions and MET exon 14 skipping alterations represent fundamental predictive biomarkers for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients to ensure the best treatment choice. In this scenario, RNA-based NGS approach has emerged as an extremely useful tool for detecting these alterations. In this study, we report our NGS molecular records on ALK, ROS1, NTRK, and RET gene fusions and MET exon 14 skipping alterations detected by using a narrow RNA-based NGS panel, namely SiRe fusion.

The evolving role of interventional cytopathology from thyroid FNA to NGS: Lessons learned at Federico II University of Naples.

Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) guided by ultrasound (US) has emerged as a highly precise diagnostic method for managing thyroid nodules, significantly diminishing unnecessary surgeries. The effectiveness of US-guided FNA is high when a single specialist performs the FNA procedure and the microscopy. This paradigm has paved the way for the evolution of interventional cytopathology, a specialist with a pivotal role in the preoperative diagnostic process, encompassing patient history review, clinical examination, FNA execution under US guidance, preparation, and microscopic interpretation of cytological samples.

Interobserver variability in cytopathology: How much do we agree?

Interobserver variability remains a major challenge for cytopathologists despite the development of standardized reporting and classification systems. Indeed, whereas moderate-to-good interobserver agreement is generally achievable when the differential diagnosis between benign and malignant entities is straightforward, high levels of variability make the diagnostic interpretation of atypical and suspicious samples not consistent. This review explores the landscape of interobserver agreement in cytopathology across different anatomical sites.

Molecular testing in salivary gland cytopathology: A practical overview in conjunction with the Milan system.

Recently, significant advances in the molecular characterization of salivary gland neoplasms have facilitated the classification and diagnosis of specific diagnostic entities. In the highly challenging diagnostic scenario of salivary malignancies, molecular testing is increasingly being adopted in routine practice to refine the cytological diagnosis of salivary lesions. Here, we reviewed the most recent evidence in the field of salivary glands molecular cytopathology.

Evaluating local thyroid cytopathology practices by molecular quality metrics: A multi-institutional study on 4651 FNAs with a focus on the role of the interventional cytopathologist.

Background: The diagnostic accuracy of thyroid fine-needle aspiration (FNA) can be highly influenced by the technical skills of the operator performing the procedure and by interobserver variability in microscopic interpretation. This is particularly true for the indeterminate categories. Recently, molecular testing has been proposed as an ancillary tool for monitoring the performance of different thyroid cytopathology practices.

Delphi expert consensus for whole slide imaging in thyroid cytopathology.

Objective: Despite an increase in thyroid fine needle aspiration (FNA) and advances in whole slide imaging (WSI) adoption, digital pathology is still considered inadequate for primary diagnosis of these cases. Herein, we aim to validate the utility of WSI in thyroid FNAs employing the Delphi method strategy.

Methods: A panel of experts from seven reference cytology centres was recruited.

Spatially Resolved Molecular Approaches for the Characterisation of Non-Invasive Follicular Tumours with Papillary-like Features (NIFTPs).

Noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasms with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) are low-risk thyroid lesions most often characterised by RAS-type mutations. The histological diagnosis may be challenging, and even immunohistochemistry and molecular approaches have not yet provided conclusive solutions. This study characterises a set of NIFTPs by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionisation (MALDI)-Mass Spectrometry Imaging (MSI) to highlight the proteomic signatures capable of overcoming histological challenges.

Type 2 Deiodinase Thr92Ala Polymorphism and Aging Are Associated with a Decreased Pituitary Sensitivity to Thyroid Hormone.

The DIO2 Thr92Ala polymorphism (rs225014), which occurs in about 15-30% of Caucasian people, determines a less efficient type 2 deiodinase (D2) enzyme. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of DIO2 Thr92Ala polymorphism on the serum thyrotropin (TSH) levels in thyroidectomized patients with hypothyroidism and to evaluate whether TSH levels and aging could be related, at pituitary level, to D2 activity. This prospective study was performed on 145 thyroid cancer patients, treated with total thyroidectomy, and undergoing radioiodine treatment after 3 weeks of levothyroxine (LT4) withdrawal.

Multiple predictive biomarker testing in melanoma: Another challenge in identifying the optimal approach on cytological samples.

Background: The management of cutaneous melanoma has changed dramatically in recent years thanks to the development of tyrosine kinase and immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Thus, multiple biomarker testing is becoming ever more important for the identification of patients who are potentially eligible for these treatments. One reliable approach to the molecular evaluation of metastatic melanoma is fine needle cytology (FNC).

Interventional cytopathologist can successfully combine ultrasonographical and microscopic skills to narrow the differential diagnosis in fine needle aspiration of neck paraganglioma.

The interventional cytopathologist can successfully refine the differential diagnosis of a neck mass by combining ultrasonographical and morphological skills as shown in this case of head and neck paraganglioma, which was suspected thanks to ultrasound features and rapid‐on site evaluation and further confirmed by immunocytochemistry on cell block and by the subsequent histologic evaluation.

Relevance of the College of American Pathologists guideline for validating whole slide imaging for diagnostic purposes to cytopathology.

Whole slide imaging (WSI) allows pathologists to view virtual versions of slides on computer monitors. With increasing adoption of digital pathology, laboratories have begun to validate their WSI systems for diagnostic purposes according to reference guidelines. Among these the College of American Pathologists (CAP) guideline includes three strong recommendations (SRs) and nine good practice statements (GPSs).

Thyroid Cancer and Fibroblasts.

Thyroid cancer is the most common type of endocrine cancer, and its prevalence continue to rise. Non-metastatic thyroid cancer patients are successfully treated. However, looking for new therapeutic strategies is of great importance for metastatic thyroid cancers that still lead to death.

Liquid Biopsy in Prostate Cancer Management-Current Challenges and Future Perspectives.

Although appreciable attempts in screening and diagnostic approaches have been achieved, prostate cancer (PCa) remains a widespread malignancy, representing the second leading cause of cancer-related death in men. Drugs currently used in PCa therapy initially show a potent anti-tumor effect, but frequently induce resistance and PCa progresses toward metastatic castration-resistant forms (mCRPC), virtually incurable. Liquid biopsy has emerged as an attractive and promising strategy complementary to invasive tissue biopsy to guide PCa diagnosis and treatment.

RNA-based next-generation sequencing in non-small-cell lung cancer in a routine setting: an experience from an Italian referral center.

, ,  and gene fusions and exon 14 skipping alterations represent novel predictive biomarkers for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Therefore, testing patients for these genetic variants is crucial for choosing the best selective treatment. Over the last couple of decades, next-generation sequencing (NGS) platforms have emerged as an extremely useful tool for detecting these variants.