Treatment effects of cladribine tablets on data-driven patterns of regional grey matter atrophy in multiple sclerosis.

Background: Treatment with cladribine tablets (CladT) in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) reduced global grey matter (GM) atrophy, but the effects on regional GM are unknown.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of CladT compared with placebo on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-derived patterns of GM atrophy.

Methods: We used MRI and clinical data from the CLARITY study, including 393 people with RRMS (CladT (3.

Cortical lesions impact cognitive decline in multiple sclerosis via volume loss of nonlesional cortex.

Objective: To assess the interrelationship between cortical lesions and cortical thinning and volume loss in people with multiple sclerosis within cortical networks, and how this relates to future cognition.

Methods: In this longitudinal study, 230 people with multiple sclerosis and 60 healthy controls underwent 3 Tesla MRI at baseline and neuropsychological assessment at baseline and 5-year follow-up. Cortical regions (N = 212) were divided into seven functional networks.

In vivo evidence for cell body loss in cortical lesions in people with multiple sclerosis.

Objective: To quantify alterations in soma and neurite density imaging measures within and surrounding cortical lesions in people with multiple sclerosis using in vivo high-gradient diffusion MRI.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 41 people with multiple sclerosis and 34 age- and sex-matched healthy controls underwent 3 T high-gradient diffusion MRI. Cortical lesions were segmented on artificial intelligence-enabled double inversion recovery images.

Subtypes and location of (juxta)cortical lesions relate to cognitive dysfunction in people with multiple sclerosis.

Background: Cortical lesion subtypes' occurrence and distribution across networks may shed light on cognitive impairment (CI) in multiple sclerosis (MS).

Methods: In 332 people with MS, lesions were classified as intracortical, leukocortical or juxtacortical based on artificially generated double inversion-recovery images.

Results: CI-related leukocortical lesion count increases were greatest within sensorimotor and cognitive networks ( < 0.

Isolated cognitive impairment in people with multiple sclerosis: frequency, MRI patterns and its development over time.

Objectives: To study the frequency of isolated (i.e., single-domain) cognitive impairments, domain specific MRI correlates, and its longitudinal development in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS).

Exploring the effects of extended interval dosing of natalizumab and drug concentrations on brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis.

Background: Extended interval dosing (EID) of natalizumab treatment is increasingly used in multiple sclerosis. Besides the clear anti-inflammatory effect, natalizumab is considered to have neuroprotective properties as well.

Objectives: This study aimed to study the longitudinal effects of EID compared to standard interval dosing (SID) and natalizumab drug concentrations on brain atrophy.

A randomized trial predicting response to cognitive rehabilitation in multiple sclerosis: Is there a window of opportunity?

Background: Cognitive training elicits mild-to-moderate improvements in cognitive functioning in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS), although response heterogeneity limits overall effectiveness.

Objective: To identify patient characteristics associated with response and non-response to cognitive training.

Methods: Eighty-two PwMS were randomized into a 7-week attention training ( = 58, age = 48.

Alterations in the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus - a specific neural correlate of gender incongruence?

Background: Increasing numbers of adolescents seek help for gender-identity questions. Consequently, requests for medical treatments, such as puberty suppression, are growing. However, studies investigating the neurobiological substrate of gender incongruence (when birth-assigned sex and gender identity do not align) are scarce, and knowledge about the effects of puberty suppression on the developing brain of transgender youth is limited.

Artificial double inversion recovery images can substitute conventionally acquired images: an MRI-histology study.

Cortical multiple sclerosis lesions are disease-specific, yet inconspicuous on magnetic resonance images (MRI). Double inversion recovery (DIR) images are sensitive, but often unavailable in clinical routine and clinical trials. Artificially generated images can mitigate this issue, but lack histopathological validation.

Automatic segmentation of head and neck primary tumors on MRI using a multi-view CNN.

Unlabelled: BACKGROUND : Accurate segmentation of head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) is important for radiotherapy treatment planning. Manual segmentation of these tumors is time-consuming and vulnerable to inconsistencies between experts, especially in the complex head and neck region. The aim of this study is to introduce and evaluate an automatic segmentation pipeline for HNSCC using a multi-view CNN (MV-CNN).

Multi-view convolutional neural networks for automated ocular structure and tumor segmentation in retinoblastoma.

In retinoblastoma, accurate segmentation of ocular structure and tumor tissue is important when working towards personalized treatment. This retrospective study serves to evaluate the performance of multi-view convolutional neural networks (MV-CNNs) for automated eye and tumor segmentation on MRI in retinoblastoma patients. Forty retinoblastoma and 20 healthy-eyes from 30 patients were included in a train/test (N = 29 retinoblastoma-, 17 healthy-eyes) and independent validation (N = 11 retinoblastoma-, 3 healthy-eyes) set.

Artificial double inversion recovery images for (juxta)cortical lesion visualization in multiple sclerosis.

Background: Cortical lesions are highly inconspicuous on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Double inversion recovery (DIR) has a higher sensitivity than conventional clinical sequences (i.e.

Tissue Transglutaminase Expression Associates With Progression of Multiple Sclerosis.

Objective: The clinical course of multiple sclerosis (MS) is variable and largely unpredictable pointing to an urgent need for markers to monitor disease activity and progression. Recent evidence revealed that tissue transglutaminase (TG2) is altered in patient-derived monocytes. We hypothesize that blood cell-derived TG2 messenger RNA (mRNA) can potentially be used as biomarker in patients with MS.

Dynamic functional connectivity as a neural correlate of fatigue in multiple sclerosis.

Background: More than 80% of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients experience symptoms of fatigue. MS-related fatigue is only partly explained by structural (lesions and atrophy) and functional (brain activation and conventional static functional connectivity) brain properties.

Objectives: To investigate the relationship of dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) with fatigue in MS patients and to compare dFC with commonly used clinical and MRI parameters.

Can MRI be used as a proxy for ? A case study.

  MRI has been used as an intermediate between brain histo(patho)logy and imaging. However, it is not known how comparable   is to imaging. We report the unique situation of a patient with familial early-onset Alzheimer's disease due to a mutation, who underwent brain MRI and   imaging only 4 days apart.

Histopathology-validated recommendations for cortical lesion imaging in multiple sclerosis.

Cortical demyelinating lesions are clinically important in multiple sclerosis, but notoriously difficult to visualize with MRI. At clinical field strengths, double inversion recovery MRI is most sensitive, but still only detects 18% of all histopathologically validated cortical lesions. More recently, phase-sensitive inversion recovery was suggested to have a higher sensitivity than double inversion recovery, although this claim was not histopathologically validated.

Relationship between β-amyloid and structural network topology in decedents without dementia.

Objective: To investigate the association between β-amyloid (Aβ) load and postmortem structural network topology in decedents without dementia.

Methods: Fourteen decedents (mean age at death 72.6 ± 7.

Cortical axonal loss is associated with both gray matter demyelination and white matter tract pathology in progressive multiple sclerosis: Evidence from a combined MRI-histopathology study.

Background: Neuroaxonal degeneration is one of the hallmarks of clinical deterioration in progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS).

Objective: To elucidate the association between neuroaxonal degeneration and both local cortical and connected white matter (WM) tract pathology in PMS.

Methods: 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and cortical tissue blocks were collected from 16 PMS donors and 10 controls.

Long-range connections are more severely damaged and relevant for cognition in multiple sclerosis.

An efficient network such as the human brain features a combination of global integration of information, driven by long-range connections, and local processing involving short-range connections. Whether these connections are equally damaged in multiple sclerosis is unknown, as is their relevance for cognitive impairment and brain function. Therefore, we cross-sectionally investigated the association between damage to short- and long-range connections with structural network efficiency, the functional connectome and cognition.

Performance of five automated white matter hyperintensity segmentation methods in a multicenter dataset.

White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are a common manifestation of cerebral small vessel disease, that is increasingly studied with large, pooled multicenter datasets. This data pooling increases statistical power, but poses challenges for automated WMH segmentation. Although there is extensive literature on the evaluation of automated WMH segmentation methods, such evaluations in a multicenter setting are lacking.

Cortical atrophy accelerates as cognitive decline worsens in multiple sclerosis.

Objective: To determine which pathologic process could be responsible for the acceleration of cognitive decline during the course of multiple sclerosis (MS), using longitudinal structural MRI, which was related to cognitive decline in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) and progressive MS (PMS).

Methods: A prospective cohort of 230 patients with MS (179 RRMS and 51 PMS) and 59 healthy controls was evaluated twice with 5-year (mean 4.9, SD 0.

Plasma proteome in multiple sclerosis disease progression.

Background: The pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis disease progression remains undetermined. The aim of this study was to identify differences in plasma proteome during different stages of MS disease progression.

Methods: We used a multiplex aptamer proteomics platform (Somalogic) for sensitive detection of 1129 proteins in plasma.