T-cell branched glycosylation as a mediator of colitis-associated colorectal cancer progression: a potential new risk biomarker in inflammatory bowel disease.

Background And Aims: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract, established as a risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC) development. Long-standing inflammation appears to play a central role in colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC). However, the molecular mechanism underlying CAC progression is still elusive.

Cardiotoxicity Associated With a Low Doses of 5-FU Promotes Morphoquantitative Changes in the Intrinsic Cardiac Nervous System.

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a chemotherapeutic that is used to treat solid tumors. However, 5-FU is associated with several side effects, including cardiotoxicity. Considering the importance of the intrinsic cardiac nervous system (ICNS) for the heart and that little is known about effects of 5-FU on this nervous system plexus, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate effects 5-FU at a low dose on the ICNS and oxidative and inflammatory effects in the heart in Wistar rats.

[Permanent health education for managers as a tool to combat institutional racism in a Northeastern Brazilian municipality].

This article discusses the experience of a permanent health education initiative focused on institutional racism with health professionals from the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) holding management positions in a municipality in the interior of Bahia, in Northeastern Brazil. A workshop was held in September 2022, based on a problematizing methodology called the Maguerez Arc, conducted by residents of the Multiprofessional Family Health Program. Ten managers participated in the workshop, most of whom were women.

One Health Perspectives on Food Safety in Minimally Processed Vegetables and Fruits: From Farm to Fork.

While food markets and food production chains are experiencing exponential growth, global attention to food safety is steadily increasing. This is particularly crucial for ready-to-eat products such as fresh-cut salads and fruits, as these items are consumed raw without prior heat treatment, making the presence of pathogenic microorganisms quite frequent. Moreover, many studies on foodborne illnesses associated with these foods often overlook the transmission links from the initial contamination source.

Multiresidue Determination of Growth Promoters in Bovine Serum using QuEChERS and UHPLC-Q-ORBITRAP: Validation and Study.

A reliable method using a QuEChERS approach and liquid chromatography coupled to Q-Orbitrap mass spectrometry was optimized and validated for the quantification of 20 growth promoters in bovine serum. The recoveries ranged from 91.4-114.

A Rodent Model of Human-Dose-Equivalent 5-Fluorouracil: Toxicity in the Liver, Kidneys, and Lungs.

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a chemotherapy drug widely used to treat a range of cancer types, despite the recurrence of adverse reactions. Therefore, information on its side effects when administered at a clinically recommended dose is relevant. On this basis, we examined the effects of the 5-FU clinical treatment on the integrity of the liver, kidneys, and lungs of rats.

Effect of Demographics and Time to Sample Processing on the qPCR Detection of Pathogenic spp. from Human Samples in the National Reference Laboratory for Leptospirosis, Brazil.

Leptospirosis diagnosis by MAT requires antibody levels that are typically present only after the first week of symptoms, many days after infection. To improve testing capacity and to develop a fast and reliable solution for the diagnosis of this disease in the first few days after clinical manifestations, the National Reference Laboratory for Leptospirosis/WHO Collaborating Center in Brazil implemented a duplex molecular method by qPCR for human samples for the detection of the gene L32, conserved in pathogenic spp. In this paper, we describe the overall performance of this protocol in the first 3 months as a standard routine.

Lung Injury Is Induced by Abrupt Increase in Respiratory Rate but Prevented by Recruitment Maneuver in Mild Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Rats.

Background: Gradually changing respiratory rate (RR) during time to reduce ventilation-induced lung injury has not been investigated. The authors hypothesized that gradual, compared with abrupt, increments in RR would mitigate ventilation-induced lung injury and that recruitment maneuver before abruptly increasing RR may prevent injurious biologic impact.

Methods: Twenty-four hours after intratracheal administration of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide, 49 male Wistar rats were anesthetized and mechanically ventilated (tidal volume, 6 ml/kg; positive end-expiratory pressure, 3 cm H2O) with RR increase patterns as follows (n = 7 per group): (1) control 1, RR = 70 breaths/min for 2 h; (2) and (3) abrupt increases of RR for 1 and 2 h, respectively, both for 2 h; (4) shorter RR adaptation, gradually increasing RR (from 70 to 130 breaths/min during 30 min); (5) longer RR adaptation, more gradual increase in RR (from 70 to 130 breaths/min during 60 min), both for 2 h; (6) control 2, abrupt increase of RR maintained for 1 h; and (7) control 3, recruitment maneuver (continuous positive airway pressure, 30 cm H2O for 30 s) followed by control-2 protocol.

Glycans as shapers of tumour microenvironment: A sweet driver of T-cell-mediated anti-tumour immune response.

Essentially all cells are covered with a dense coat of different glycan structures/sugar chains, giving rise to the so-called glycocalyx. Changes in cellular glycosylation are a hallmark of cancer, affecting most of the pathophysiological processes associated with malignant transformation, including tumour immune responses. Glycans are chief macromolecules that define T-cell development, differentiation, fate, activation and signalling.

Genital Mycoplasmas and Biomarkers of Inflammation and Their Association With Spontaneous Preterm Birth and Preterm Prelabor Rupture of Membranes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Genital mycoplasmas (GM), such as , and are commonly associated with spontaneous preterm labor (SPTL), spontaneous preterm birth (PTB), and preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM). This study determined the association between GM and such adverse pregnancy outcomes. We searched for studies published 1980-2019 in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science.

In Vivo Administration of Stanozolol in Cattle: Depletion and Stability Studies Using UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap.

An in vivo study was performed in order to evaluate the depletion time of stanozolol and its main metabolites using naturally incurred urine sample collected after the administration of intramuscular injections in 12 steers. A stability study was also carried out to investigate the influence of the storage period and the freeze-thaw cycles. A fast parent drug metabolization was observed, because within 6 h after drug administration, the signal of the metabolite 16β-hydroxystanozolol was predominant.

Polarization-sensitive optoionic membranes from chiral plasmonic nanoparticles.

Optoelectronic effects differentiating absorption of right and left circularly polarized photons in thin films of chiral materials are typically prohibitively small for their direct photocurrent observation. Chiral metasurfaces increase the electronic sensitivity to circular polarization, but their out-of-plane architecture entails manufacturing and performance trade-offs. Here, we show that nanoporous thin films of chiral nanoparticles enable high sensitivity to circular polarization due to light-induced polarization-dependent ion accumulation at nanoparticle interfaces.

A Quantitative and Confirmatory Method Employing Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Hybrid High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry and QuEChERS for the Determination of Thirty-Seven Growth Promoter Residues in Bovine Urine.

In this work, 37 growth promoters were quantitatively determined in bovine urine using a QuEChERS approach with acetonitrile, NaCl, and MgSO:PSA for sample extraction. The analytes were separated and detected by liquid chromatography coupled to hybrid high-resolution mass spectrometry. The method was validated in accordance with the Decision 657/2002/EC guidelines, in which recoveries fell within the range 84-113%, relative standard varied between 2 and 32%, and detection limit between 0.

Can Serum be a Match for Urine in the Regulatory Analysis of Boldenone in Cattle? A Systematic Comparison Between Detection Window, Stability, and Enzymatic Hydrolysis.

This work involved a systematic comparison between serum and urine for the monitoring of anabolic androgenic steroids in livestock. Incurred samples were collected over 120 days from crossbred steers treated with intramuscular injections containing boldenone undecylenate. Independent high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) methods were used for the assessment of the respective detection windows, which were larger for serum samples.

Impact of positive biphasic pressure during low and high inspiratory efforts in Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced pneumonia.

Background: During pneumonia, normal alveolar areas coexist adjacently with consolidated areas, and high inspiratory efforts may predispose to lung damage. To date, no study has evaluated different degrees of effort during Biphasic positive airway pressure (BIVENT) on lung and diaphragm damage in experimental pneumonia, though largely used in clinical setting. We aimed to evaluate lung damage, genes associated with ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) and diaphragmatic injury, and blood bacteria in pressure-support ventilation (PSV), BIVENT with low and high inspiratory efforts in experimental pneumonia.

Glycans as Immune Checkpoints: Removal of Branched N-glycans Enhances Immune Recognition Preventing Cancer Progression.

Tumor growth is accompanied with dramatic changes in the cellular glycome, such as the aberrant expression of complex branched N-glycans. However, the role of this protumoral N-glycan in immune evasion and whether its removal contributes to enhancement of immune recognition and to unleashing an antitumor immune response remain elusive. We demonstrated that branched N-glycans are used by colorectal cancer cells to escape immune recognition, instructing the creation of immunosuppressive networks through inhibition of IFNγ.

Magnetic targeting increases mesenchymal stromal cell retention in lungs and enhances beneficial effects on pulmonary damage in experimental silicosis.

Silicosis is a pneumoconiosis caused by inhaled crystalline silica microparticles, which trigger inflammatory responses and granuloma formation in pulmonary parenchyma, thus affecting lung function. Although systemic administration of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) ameliorates lung inflammation and attenuates fibrosis in experimental silicosis, it does not reverse collagen deposition and granuloma formation. In an attempt to improve the beneficial effects of MSCs, magnetic targeting (MT) has arisen as a potential means of prolonging MSC retention in the lungs.

Effects of interprofessional education on teamwork and on knowledge chronic conditions management.

Objective: Evaluate the effect of interprofessional education on the climate of Primary Health Care teams and on the acquisition of knowledge about management of chronic non-communicable diseases.

Method: Quasi-experimental study of interprofessional education intervention. Seventeen Primary Health Care teams (95 professionals) participated in the study, of which nine teams (50 professionals) composed the intervention group and eight teams (45 participants) composed the control group.

Self-Assembled Gold Arrays That Allow Rectification by Nanoscale Selectivity.

The deposition of a monolayer nanoarray on the surface of a micrometer-thick substrate is demonstrated, producing rectification characteristics at the nanoscale. The experimental results show that the heterogeneity of the structure and the charge density are the two key factors affecting rectification, which was confirmed with molecular dynamic (MD) and finite element simulations. Moreover, by altering the asymmetric electrolyte environment, the fabricated heterogeneous membrane can be used in energy conversion.

Glycans as Key Checkpoints of T Cell Activity and Function.

The immune system is highly controlled and fine-tuned by glycosylation, through the addition of a diversity of carbohydrates structures (glycans) to virtually all immune cell receptors. Despite a relative backlog in understanding the importance of glycans in the immune system, due to its inherent complexity, remarkable findings have been highlighting the essential contributions of glycosylation in the regulation of both innate and adaptive immune responses with important implications in the pathogenesis of major diseases such as autoimmunity and cancer. Glycans are implicated in fundamental cellular and molecular processes that regulate both stimulatory and inhibitory immune pathways.

Simultaneous Extraction of Pesticides and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Brazilian Cachaça Using a Modified QuEChERS Method Followed by Gas Chromatography Coupled to Tandem Mass Spectrometry Quantification.

A modified QuEChERS method was optimized for simultaneous extraction of 93 pesticides and 6 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in cachaça. The procedure employed 20 mL of sample, 10 mL of dichloromethane, 1 g of NaCl, and 6 g of MgSO. The methods were validated in accordance with pesticide tolerances set by the National Health Surveillance Agency of Brazil and government guidelines of Brazil and the European Union.

Intestinal absorption of vitamin D: a systematic review.

Context: Vitamin D is frequently prescribed as a supplement, yet its absorption remains poorly understood.

Objective: This systematic review was performed to evaluate data on mechanisms involved in the intestinal absorption of vitamin D.

Data Sources: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched.

Glycans as Regulatory Elements of the Insulin/IGF System: Impact in Cancer Progression.

The insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system in mammals comprises a dynamic network of proteins that modulate several biological processes such as development, cell growth, metabolism, and aging. Dysregulation of the insulin/IGF system has major implications for several pathological conditions such as diabetes and cancer. Metabolic changes also culminate in aberrant glycosylation, which has been highlighted as a hallmark of cancer.

IDENTIFICATION OF BACTERIA IN BLOOD CULTURES FROM CLINICALLY ILL CAPTIVE ANTILLEAN MANATEES (TRICHECHUS MANATUS MANATUS).

Between September 2001 and March 2013, 62 bacterial cultures (37 aerobic and 25 anaerobic) were performed on 37 blood samples from 23 Antillean manatees ( Trichechus manatus manatus) that were kept in captivity at the Brazilian National Center for Research and Conservation of Aquatic Mammals (CMA) in Pernambuco (CMA-PE) and Alagoas (CMA-AL), Brazil. All of the animals sampled exhibited clinical signs at the time of sampling including abscesses (n = 8), debilitation and anorexia (n = 22), and profound lethargy-moribundity (n = 7). The 4 animals with profound lethargy-moribundity died shortly after sampling of unknown causes.