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The insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system in mammals comprises a dynamic network of proteins that modulate several biological processes such as development, cell growth, metabolism, and aging. Dysregulation of the insulin/IGF system has major implications for several pathological conditions such as diabetes and cancer. Metabolic changes also culminate in aberrant glycosylation, which has been highlighted as a hallmark of cancer. Changes in glycosylation regulate every pathophysiological step of cancer progression including tumour cell-cell dissociation, cell migration, cell signaling and metastasis. This review discusses how the insulin/IGF system integrates with glycosylation alterations and impacts on cell behaviour, metabolism and drug resistance in cancer.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms18091921 | DOI Listing |
Cell Rep
August 2025
Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA. Electronic address:
The insulin/insulin growth factor (IGF) system plays a central role in regulating metabolism and growth. We identified viral insulin/IGF1-like peptides (VILPs) in Iridoviridae and investigated their role in host-virus interactions. Using grouper iridovirus (GIV) on grouper and zebrafish cells, we show that VILPs are early viral genes and are secreted during infection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Dairy Sci
August 2025
Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands.
In dairy cow-calf contact (CCC) systems, cows and calves stay together for a prolonged period, allowing for more suckling and strengthening of the maternal bond compared with the early separation of cow and calf in conventional dairy systems. Extended suckling in CCC systems is related to greater calf growth, although knowledge on consequences of extended suckling for body condition and metabolic and inflammatory variables of calves is limited. This study aimed to evaluate growth, backfat thickness, energy metabolism, and inflammatory status of calves with minimum 12 wk of CCC followed by gradual weaning and separation compared with calves separated from their dam 13.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
August 2025
Department of Genetics, Genomics and Cancer Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom.
Epigenetic clocks based on DNA methylation provide robust biomarkers of biological age, yet the mechanistic basis and functional significance of slowing these clocks remain unclear. Progress has been limited by the lack of short-lived, genetically tractable model organisms with functional DNA methylation systems. The jewel wasp, , offers a unique solution.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFbioRxiv
June 2025
Department of Cell Biology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine.
A decline in tissue renewal and repair due to changes in tissue stem cells is a hallmark of aging. Many stem cell pools are maintained by interaction with morphologically complex local niches. Using the hermaphrodite germline stem cell system, we analyzed age-related changes in the morphology of the niche, the distal tip cell (DTC), and identified a molecular mechanism that promotes a subset of these changes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTheriogenology
November 2025
Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Swine Reproduction, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand. Electronic address:
Modern prolific sows experience substantial metabolic demands while nursing large litter, often leading to fat mobilization and oxidative stress. This study investigated the impacts of farrowing systems (free-farrowing pens vs. crates) and lactational backfat loss on colostrum yield, milk production, metabolic indicators (serum insulin, IGF-1, NEFA), and plasma MDA levels, in 76 crossbred sows raised under tropical conditions.
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