Adapting Experience-Based Co-Design to Disability Research: Co-Producing the CycLink Co-Design Study.

Introduction: Participatory methods like experience-based co-design (EBCD) can be used to develop complex interventions, but may need adaptations when co-designers include young people with disability, parents and community partners. We aimed to adapt EBCD through co-production by involving people with lived experience of disability as co-researchers. This paper reports the co-produced protocol and reflects on co-researchers' contributions.

Early developmental trajectories of the impaired hand in infants with unilateral cerebral palsy.

Aim: To identify developmental trajectories of impaired hand function in infants aged 3 to 15 months with unilateral cerebral palsy (CP).

Method: Sixty-three infants (37 male; median gestational age 37 weeks [interquartile range 30-39.1 weeks]) recruited as part of a randomized trial with a confirmed diagnosis of unilateral CP were included.

Experiences of participation in daily life of adolescents and young adults with cerebral palsy: A scoping review.

Aim: To synthesize the experiences of 15- to 34-year-olds with cerebral palsy (CP) as they participate in key life situations of young adulthood.

Method: A mixed-methods scoping review was undertaken and six electronic databases searched (January 2001 to August 2023). Participation foci and thematic outcomes were mapped to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health.

Eyes on communication: strategies to facilitate uptake of clinical practice guidelines for implementation of eye-gaze control technology by people with cerebral palsy. A mixed methods study.

Guidelines for implementation of eye-gaze control technology by people with cerebral palsy were published in 2021. The purpose of this study was to identify barriers and facilitators clinicians perceive exist relating to use of these guidelines for eye-gaze control technology, and to explore potential resources that may be developed to support their implementation. A two-phased mixed methods explanatory sequential design was adopted.

A stakeholder-involved adaptation of pathways and resources for engagement and participation (PREP) material with young adults with complex disability in Australia: an implementation feasibility study.

Purpose: Pathways and Resources for Engagement and Participation (PREP) is an intervention to optimise individuals' participation by building problem-solving capacity and addressing environmental barriers. We investigated the feasibility of implementing PREP with young adults (18-30 years) with complex disability in Australia.

Materials And Methods: Explanatory sequential mixed methods study in three stages.

Caregiver perspectives of scoliosis surgery for children with cerebral palsy: a qualitative study.

Purpose: To explore the perspectives of primary caregivers of children with cerebral palsy (CP) who had spinal surgery for scoliosis.

Materials And Methods: A qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured interviews and guided by qualitative description methodology. Participants were caregivers of children with CP aged 5-18, who had undergone spinal surgery for scoliosis in Australia.

Does exercise affect quality of life and participation of adolescents and adults with cerebral palsy: a systematic review.

Purpose: Investigate the effect of exercise for adults with cerebral palsy (CP) on quality of life, participation (attendance and involvement in life situations), functional mobility, pain, fatigue, mood, and self-efficacy.

Methods: A systematic review was completed. Twelve databases were searched from inception to August 2022 for studies including participants (≥16 years) with cerebral palsy, and that evaluated an exercise intervention.

Impact of adapted bicycle riding on outcomes for children and adolescents with disabilities: A systematic review.

Aim: To review the evidence for the effects of adapted bicycle riding on body structures and functions, activity, participation, and quality of life outcomes in children with disabilities, along with family-level participation outcomes.

Method: A systematic review with searches of nine electronic databases to identify studies involving participants with a developmental disability aged 4 to 18 years who used a dynamic adapted bicycle was completed in August 2021. Risk of bias was assessed based on individual study designs.

Implications of providing wrist-hand orthoses for children with cerebral palsy: evidence from a randomised controlled trial.

Purpose: To investigate the effects of providing rigid wrist-hand orthoses plus usual multidisciplinary care, on reducing hand impairments in children with cerebral palsy.

Methods: A pragmatic, multicentre, assessor-blinded randomised controlled trial aimed to enrol 194 children aged 5-15 years, with wrist flexor Modified Ashworth Scale score ≥1. Randomisation with concealed allocation was stratified by study site and passive wrist range.

Tempo of Degeneration Across Independently Evolved Nonrecombining Regions.

Recombination is beneficial over the long term, allowing more effective selection. Despite long-term advantages of recombination, local recombination suppression can evolve and lead to genomic degeneration, in particular on sex chromosomes. Here, we investigated the tempo of degeneration in nonrecombining regions, that is, the function curve for the accumulation of deleterious mutations over time, leveraging on 22 independent events of recombination suppression identified on mating-type chromosomes of anther-smut fungi, including newly identified ones.

Consumer involvement in research - parent perceptions of partnership in cerebral palsy research: a qualitative study.

Purpose: Identify perceptions of parents and caregivers of children with cerebral palsy about being consumer research partners and identify strategies to inform involvement of parents in cerebral palsy research.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-two parents in New South Wales and Victoria (Australia) participated in this qualitative study. Seven interviews and three focus groups were completed.

The Dyskinetic Cerebral Palsy Functional Impact Scale: development and validation of a new tool.

Aim: To outline the development and examine the content and construct validity of a new tool, the Dyskinetic Cerebral Palsy Functional Impact Scale (D-FIS), which measures the impact of dyskinesia on everyday activities in children with cerebral palsy (CP).

Method: D-FIS content was informed by a systematic review of dyskinesia outcome measures, in collaboration with children with dyskinetic CP, parents, caregivers, and expert clinicians. The D-FIS uses parent proxy to rate impact of dyskinesia on everyday activities.

Hungry for Sex: Differential Roles for Locus Components in Haploid Cells vis à vis Nutritional Availability.

Mating-types allow single-celled eukaryotic organisms to distinguish self from non-self in preparation for sexual reproduction. The components of mating-type loci provide initial self/non-self-recognition through pheromone and receptor interactions that control early cell fusion events. However, they may also provide a second level of scrutiny that requires differences in alleles leading to production of a transcription factor required for successful downstream developmental pathways after initial cell fusion.

Stakeholder consensus for decision making in eye-gaze control technology for children, adolescents and adults with cerebral palsy service provision: findings from a Delphi study.

Background: Limited research exists to guide clinical decisions about trialling, selecting, implementing and evaluating eye-gaze control technology. This paper reports on the outcomes of a Delphi study that was conducted to build international stakeholder consensus to inform decision making about trialling and implementing eye-gaze control technology with people with cerebral palsy.

Methods: A three-round online Delphi survey was conducted.

Are boys and girls just different? Gender differences in the Movement Assessment Battery for Children, 2nd edition (M ABC-2) suggests that they are.

Introduction: The second edition of the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (M ABC-2) is a standardised, norm referenced assessment that is frequently used by therapists to identify children with motor difficulties. The norms for the M ABC-2 were derived from a sample of children in the United Kingdom (UK) and are combined across the age groups for boys and girls. The aims of this research were to investigate gender differences in the performance of 8- and 9-year-old Australian children and if the norms in our cohort differed from UK-based M ABC-2 norms.

Brain magnetic resonance imaging is a predictor of bimanual performance and executive function in children with unilateral cerebral palsy.

Aim: To examine the association between brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics and executive function and bimanual performance in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (CP).

Method: Clinical MRI brain scans were classified as: (1) predominant pathological pattern (normal, white matter injury [WMI]; grey matter injury; focal vascular insults [FVI]; malformations; or miscellaneous); and (2) focal lesions (frontal, basal ganglia, and/or thalamus). Assessments included: (1) bimanual performance; (2) unimanual dexterity; and (3) executive function tasks (information processing, attention control, cognitive flexibility, and goal setting) and behavioural ratings (parent).

Constraint-induced movement therapy in children with unilateral cerebral palsy.

Background: Unilateral cerebral palsy (CP) is a condition that affects muscle control and function on one side of the body. Children with unilateral CP experience difficulties using their hands together secondary to disturbances that occur in the developing fetal or infant brain. Often, the more affected limb is disregarded.

Eyes on communication: trialling eye-gaze control technology in young children with dyskinetic cerebral palsy.

Purpose: This study aims to identify eye-gaze control technology outcomes, parent perception of the technology and support received, and gauge the feasibility of available measures.

Methods: Five children with dyskinetic cerebral palsy, mean age 4 years, 4 months (1 year, 0 months); n = 4 males; trialled two eye-gaze control technology systems, each for six weeks. Parents completed pre- and post-questionnaires.