Proportion of Infant Neurodevelopment Trials Reporting a Null Finding: A Systematic Review.

Context: Discovering new interventions to improve neurodevelopmental outcomes is a priority; however, clinical trials are challenging and methodological issues may impact the interpretation of intervention efficacy.

Objectives: Characterize the proportion of infant neurodevelopment trials reporting a null finding and identify features that may contribute to a null result.

Data Sources: The Cochrane library, Medline, Embase, and CINAHL databases.

Risk of Developmental Coordination Disorder in 8- and 9-Year-Olds Following Newborn Cardiac and Non-Cardiac Surgery.

Purpose: To investigate the risk of developmental coordination disorder (DCD) and motor impairment for children aged 8 to 9 years following newborn surgery.

Methods: Prospective longitudinal cohort study. Motor proficiency and risk of DCD were assessed using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (second edition) for children born 37 weeks of gestation and older who had undergone newborn cardiac surgery (CS) or non-cardiac surgery (NCS).

Neurodevelopmental outcomes in neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation survivors: An institutional perspective.

Aim: To describe the neurodevelopmental outcomes following extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in early infancy.

Methods: Thirty-seven patients who had survived following ECMO support from 2008 to 2018 had their neurodevelopmental outcomes assessed and analysed using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development. Developmental outcome was defined as impairment in any of the developmental domains of motor function, cognition and language with mild impairment being 1-2 standard deviations below the test mean, moderate being 2-3 standard deviations below and severe being greater than 3 standard deviations below.

Non-gynaecological Applications of Menstrual-derived Stem Cells: A Systematic Review.

Menstrual-derived Stem Cells (MenSC) are a potential novel source of mesenchymal stem cells. There is an increased interest in investigating the therapeutic potential of MenSC due to the various advantages they exhibit, when compared to other types of stem cells. MenSC are obtained non-invasively from menstrual blood.

The long-term burden of congenital cytomegalovirus: Hospitalisation and mortality in a population-based matched cohort study.

Aim: Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection can result in considerable morbidity and mortality. However, the impact of cCMV on health system utilisation beyond infancy is poorly defined. Here we sought to describe the burden of cCMV health service use and mortality using linked population-based datasets.

Outcome of Community-Based Early Intervention and Rehabilitation for Children with Cerebral Palsy in Rural Bangladesh: A Quasi-Experimental Study.

We evaluated the outcome of a community-based early intervention and habilitation for children with cerebral palsy (CP) in Bangladesh. Children registered on the Bangladesh CP Register (BCPR) were recruited in two groups for this study: Group A received a comprehensive six-month long community-based caregiver-led intervention program at the "Shishu Shorgo" (Bengali title, which translates to 'Children's Heaven') Early Intervention and Rehabilitation Centres developed to support participants from the BCPR. Group B received standard care.

Education can improve clinician confidence in information sharing and willingness to refer to stem cell clinical trials for cerebral palsy.

To progress stem cell therapies for cerebral palsy, clinicians need to openly engage with patients about emerging evidence and be willing to refer to relevant clinical trials, if and when appropriate. To assess whether education can change clinicians' confidence in information sharing and willingness to refer to relevant clinical trials, an online questionnaire was distributed at a scientific conference before and after a professional workshop on cell therapies for cerebral palsy. Of the 42 participants who completed the survey, 26 self-identified as clinicians.

Depression, anxiety and stress among caregivers of adolescents with cerebral palsy in rural Bangladesh.

Purpose: Prior studies indicate high risk of mental health problems among caregivers of adolescents with cerebral palsy although limited consideration is given to caregivers in low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to compare the burden of depression, anxiety and stress among caregivers of adolescents with cerebral palsy to caregivers of adolescents without disability in rural Bangladesh; and to identify factors unique to low- and middle-income countries that predict caregiver's mental health.

Methods: Observational study comparing caregivers of adolescents with cerebral palsy identified through the Bangladesh Cerebral Palsy Register and caregivers of adolescents without disability from neighboring dwellings.

Skincare practices in extremely premature infants: A survey of tertiary neonatal intensive care units from Australia and New Zealand.

Aim: To investigate skincare practices in the first 2 weeks of life in extremely premature infants across tertiary neonatal intensive care units (NICUs).

Methods: A web-based secure survey invite was emailed to the medical directors of tertiary NICUs. The survey included questions on various aspects of skincare practices in the first 2 weeks of life in extremely premature infants (born before 28 weeks gestation).

Influence of patterns of neonatal transfers on breastfeeding outcomes.

Aim: To investigate/evaluate the impact of hospital transfers on breastfeeding outcomes for infants requiring neonatal intensive care and to explore approaches to supporting lactation and breastfeeding.

Methods: A national study of two cohorts of infants admitted to the nine neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in New South Wales (NSW) Australia using data sourced from a prospectively collected NICUS data collection.

Results: A total of 7829 infants were admitted to the nine NICUs in NSW for two 18-month cohorts (2012/2013 and 2015/2016) and were included in the study.

Cerebral Oxygenation and Perfusion when Positioning Preterm Infants: Clinical Implications.

Objectives: To evaluate cerebral tissue oxygenation (cTOI) and cerebral perfusion in preterm infants in supine vs prone positions.

Study Design: Sixty preterm infants, born before 32 weeks of gestation, were enrolled; 30 had bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD, defined as the need for respiratory support and/or supplemental oxygen at 36 weeks of postmenstrual age). Cerebral perfusion, cTOI, and polysomnography were measured in both the supine and prone position with the initial position being randomized.

Positive perception of stem cells for neurological conditions: results from an Australian public forum.

Stem cells offer great hope and promise as a potential treatment for human diseases. The aim of this study was to gain insight into the public perception of stem cells for neurological conditions. A paper-based questionnaire was administered to all attendees of a free, public stem cell forum.

Exploration and Validation of Behavioral Pain Measures and Physiological Pain Measures Factor Structure Extracted From the Pain Assessment Tool Item Scores for Infants Admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care.

Objective: The objective of the study was to explore and then validate the factor structure of the Pain Assessment Tool (PAT).

Materials And Methods: A retrospective medical record review was performed of all infants who were admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit between 2008 and 2018 and had 1 PAT assessment (n=2111). Scores on items of the PAT were collected.

Feasibility of modifying the hospital environment to reduce the length of amnesia after traumatic brain injury: a pilot randomized controlled trial.

Background: Reorientation programmes have been an important component of neurotrauma rehabilitation for adults who suffer from post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) after traumatic brain injury (TBI); however, research testing the efficacy of acute programmes is limited.

Objective: This study aimed to determine if it is feasible to provide a standardized environmental reorientation programme to adults suffering from PTA after TBI in an acute care hospital setting, and whether it is likely to be beneficial.

Methods: We conducted a randomized controlled trial with concealed allocation and intention-to-treat analysis.

Stakeholder consensus for decision making in eye-gaze control technology for children, adolescents and adults with cerebral palsy service provision: findings from a Delphi study.

Background: Limited research exists to guide clinical decisions about trialling, selecting, implementing and evaluating eye-gaze control technology. This paper reports on the outcomes of a Delphi study that was conducted to build international stakeholder consensus to inform decision making about trialling and implementing eye-gaze control technology with people with cerebral palsy.

Methods: A three-round online Delphi survey was conducted.

The effects of education levels of developmental care in Australia: Perceptions and challenges.

Background: Developmental care consists of a range of clinical, infant-focused, and family-focused interventions designed to modify the neonatal intensive care environment and caregiving practices to reduce stressors on the developing brain. Since the inception of developmental care in the early 1980s, it has been recommended and adopted globally as a component of routine practice for neonatal care. Despite its application for almost 40 y, little is known of the attitude of neonatal nurses in Australia towards the intervention.

Trajectories of post-surgical pain in infants admitted to neonatal intensive care.

Background: The aim of this study was (a) to statistically identify distinct trajectories of pain following surgery in infants less than 6 months of age, and (b) to compare these trajectories to descriptions of chronic pain in infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

Methods: This was a retrospective medical record review of infants admitted to a NICU between 2008 and 2018 following surgery. All infants who underwent one major procedure to the abdomen or thorax and returned to the NICU following surgery were included.

The Role of the Placenta in Perinatal Stroke: A Systematic Review.

Context: Placental pathology may be an important missing link in the causal pathway of perinatal stroke. The study aim was to systematically review the literature regarding the role of the placenta in perinatal stroke. MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science electronic databases were searched from 2000 to 2019.

Changes to hepatic tissue oxygenation, abdominal perfusion and its association with enteral feeding with liberal transfusion threshold in anaemic preterm infants: A prospective cohort study.

Background And Objectives: In anaemic preterm infants who receive packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusions, changes to mesenteric tissue oxygenation and perfusion have been reported using a restrictive haemoglobin (Hb)-based threshold. We aimed to investigate changes to hepatic tissue oxygenation and abdominal blood flow after PRBC transfusion and its association with enteral feeding using a liberal Hb threshold (as shown inTable1). [Table: see text] MATERIAL AND METHODS: We prospectively studied a cohort of preterm infants born at < 32 weeks' gestation who received at least one PRBC transfusion and monitored them immediately before (Time 1), immediately after (Time 2) and 24 hours after transfusion (Time 3).

What is the threshold dose of upper limb training for children with cerebral palsy to improve function? A systematic review.

Introduction: Neuroplasticity is harnessed through high-intensity or high-dose training. Given the costs and time burden for families of children with cerebral palsy (CP), it is important to quantify which rehabilitation training approaches and doses confer the largest clinical gain. The main objective of this systematic review was to determine any threshold dose of upper limb training needed for children with CP to achieve clinically significant functional improvements.

Use of health services by preschool-aged children who are developmentally vulnerable and socioeconomically disadvantaged: testing the inverse care law.

Aim: The inverse care law suggests that those with the greatest need for services are least likely to receive them. Our aim of this study was to test the inverse care law in relation to the use of health services by children aged 4-5 years in Australia who were developmentally vulnerable and socioeconomically disadvantaged.

Method: Cross-sectional data were collected from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children birth cohort when the children were aged 4-5 years.

State of the Evidence Traffic Lights 2019: Systematic Review of Interventions for Preventing and Treating Children with Cerebral Palsy.

Purpose Of Review: Cerebral palsy is the most common physical disability of childhood, but the rate is falling, and severity is lessening. We conducted a systematic overview of best available evidence (2012-2019), appraising evidence using GRADE and the Evidence Alert Traffic Light System and then aggregated the new findings with our previous 2013 findings. This article summarizes the best available evidence interventions for preventing and managing cerebral palsy in 2019.