New Trends in Airway Management During Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography: A Narrative Review.

Over time, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) evolved into the preferred method for both diagnosing and treating diseases of the biliary, pancreatic, and ampullary systems. Traditionally performed under "conscious" sedation, anesthesiological management during ERCP increasingly involves the use of general anesthesia (GA) due to the complexity of procedures and patient comorbidities. This narrative review aims to underscore the current absence of definitive evidence supporting a single airway management strategy during ERCP.

Continuous versus intermittent noninvasive blood pressure monitoring during beach chair position for shoulder surgery: A randomised controlled trial.

Background: Arthroscopic shoulder surgery is frequently conducted in the beach chair position. Haemodynamic instability with hypotension and reduction of cerebral perfusion has been widely reported.

Objective: To determine whether a continuous noninvasive blood pressure monitoring using a finger-cuff reduces hypotension during arthroscopic shoulder surgery compared to standard oscillometric brachial pressure monitoring.

Estimating overall survival of glioblastoma patients using clinical variables, tumor size, and location.

Background: Accurate prognosis of glioblastoma is crucial for better-informed treatment decisions, potentially leading to improved disease management. We investigated whether clinical variables, tumor size, and location, can serve as prognostic factors.

Methods: A retrospective, multicenter study enrolled 1318 adult patients with histopathologically confirmed glioblastoma undergoing first-time surgery, with survival censored for 188 patients.

A novel nanocatalyst of the multi-walled carbon nanotubes decorated with niobium pentoxide for the Eriochrome black T dye degradation.

Nowadays, considerable fractions of emerging chemical contaminants are released into the environment by industries, hospitals, agriculture, and domestic sewage. Among these pollutants, Eriochrome black T (EbT) is a dye widely used in the textile, paper printing, leather, paint, cosmetics, and carpet manufacturing industries. The development of new materials for application in the environmental field aiming to remove EbT and other dyes from wastewater is essential in the characterization of a multi-walled carbon nanotubes with niobium(V) oxide (CNTs@NbO) for the EbT removal by heterogeneous photocatalysis.

Sirolimus- Versus Paclitaxel-Coated Balloons for Treatment of Coronary Artery Disease.

Sirolimus-coated balloons (SCB) have been recently introduced for treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD). Nonetheless, evidence on comparison of SCB versus paclitaxel-coated balloons (PCB) is scant. The aim of the study was to compare clinical outcomes after SCB versus PCB angioplasty for treatment of CAD.

International Consensus Guidelines on the Safe and Evidence-Based Practice of Mesotherapy: A Multidisciplinary Statement.

Mesotherapy is a widely used technique around the world. However, there is currently no internationally recognized, evidence-based standard for its various clinical applications. To address this gap, we have reviewed the current state of the art, critically evaluated its clinical benefits and limitations, and proposed a set of standards including procedural steps, recommended actions, and practical instructions in the form of protocols, guidelines, and expert recommendations.

Measurement of Immunoglobulin Intraclonal diversification refines the clinical impact of IGHV mutational status in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells may bear mutations in IGHV genes, the 2%-cutoff allowing to discriminate two subsets, unmutated (U)- or mutated (M)-CLL, with different clinical course. IGHV genes may also incorporate additional ongoing mutations, a phenomenon known as intraclonal diversification (ID). Here, through an original bioinformatic workflow for NGS data, we used the inverse Simpson Index (iSI) as diversity measure among IGHV sequences to dichotomize cases with different ID levels into ID (iSI ≥ 1.

Dual synergetic approach for targeting dysfunctional cells based on rare-earth-doped forsterite nanoparticles.

In recent years, forsterite (Fo, Mg₂SiO₄) has emerged as a promising biomaterial for bone tissue engineering scaffolds, demonstrating efficacy in inhibiting the growth of clinical bacterial isolates. In addition, rare-earth (RE) doped Fo exhibits excitation properties that match the near-infrared (NIR) biological transparency window (700-1800 nm), facilitating deep penetration into biological tissues. Despite these advantageous properties, data on the toxicity of RE-doped forsterite is lacking, and effects on damaged or dysfunctional cells, such as cancer cells, are not known.

Validation of complex PCI criteria in drug-coated balloon angioplasty.

Background: Procedural complexity during percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) with drug-eluting stent (DES) has been associated with adverse events, especially in case of long and multiple stents implantation.

Objective: This study aims to validate contemporary complex PCI criteria for drug coated balloon (DCB)-based PCI.

Methods: Consecutive patients undergoing DCB angioplasty at 2 Italian centers from 2018 to 2023 were retrospectively enrolled.

Enhanced recovery after surgery and the role of the anesthetist, road to implementation.

Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) is an interdisciplinary and multimodal approach to surgical patient management. Two primary objectives of the ERAS philosophy have been the standardization of practices and the reduction of variations in treatment. A notable achievement of ERAS has been its ability to enhance and combine into bundles elements that were already well-known but disconnected in clinical practice, such as preadmission, prehabilitation, and multimodal analgesia.

Stewart's theory and acid-base changes induced by crystalloid infusion in humans: a randomized physiological trial.

Background: Stewart's acid-base theory states that, under isocapnic conditions, crystalloid infusion affects plasma pH due to changes in strong ion difference and total weak acid concentration: a comprehensive study also assessing renal response and hemodilution effects has not been conducted in humans. We aimed to evaluate Stewart's approach during crystalloid infusion in humans.

Methods: In this randomized trial, patients undergoing surgery with minimal blood losses were randomized to receive to normal saline (chloride content 154 mEq/L, strong ion difference 0 mEq/L), lactated Ringer's (chloride content 112 mEq/L, strong ion difference 29 mEq/L) or Crystalsol (chloride content 98 mEq/L, strong ion difference 50 mEq/L): patients received 10 ml/kg immediately after intubation, and 20 ml/kg after 2 h.

GMMA decorated with mucin 1 Tn/STn mimetics elicit specific antibodies response and inhibit tumor growth.

Carbohydrate-based therapeutic vaccines are actively pursued as targeted immunotherapy to treat cancer. Aberrant glycosylation is indeed of paramount importance in tumors, leading to the formation of "neo-epitopes", known as tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs), crucial in cancer onset, development and spread. Accordingly, the over-simplified mucin-type O-glycans Tn and STn have been confirmed among the most promising candidates for the development of cancer vaccines.

A strategy for multimodal integration of transcriptomics, proteomics, and radiomics data for the prediction of recurrence in patients with IDH-mutant gliomas.

Isocitrate dehydrogenase-mutant gliomas are lethal brain cancers that impair quality of life in young adults. Although less aggressive than glioblastomas, IDH-mutant gliomas invariably progress to incurable disease with unpredictable recurrence. A better classification of patient risk of recurrence is needed.

Bioconsolidation strategies for carbonate lithologies: Effectiveness and mechanisms in calcarenite, travertine, and marble.

Toxic substances are often employed in conventional stone preservation techniques, whereas biorestoration offers material compatibility along with significant benefits for cultural heritage preservation, environmental safety, and sustainability. However, the application of this innovative technique to natural rocks is not fully understood. In this study, we evaluated the efficiency of a carbonatogenic bacterial strain (Lysinbacillus fusiformis 3.

From non-human to human primates: a translational approach to enhancing resection, safety, and indications in glioma surgery while preserving sensorimotor abilities.

Since the pivotal studies of neurophysiologists in the early 20th century, research on brain functions in non-human primates has provided valuable insights into the neural mechanisms subserving neurological function. By using data acquired on non-human primates as a reference, important progress in knowledge of the human brain and its functions has been achieved. The translational impact allowed by this scientific effort must be recognized in the implementation of the current surgical techniques particularly in support of the neurosurgical approach to brain tumors.

Incidence and Risk Assessment of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in Spine Surgery: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a critical medical condition characterized by a sudden decline in renal function, often resulting in severe complications and increased mortality. In the context of spine surgery, particularly for adult spine deformities, the risk of AKI is significant due to the complexity and duration of these procedures, as well as the substantial intraoperative blood loss and hemodynamic instability they can entail. Despite advancements in surgical and perioperative care, AKI remains a major concern.

Combined use of Raman spectroscopy, cluster analysis, and SEM-EDS for the characterization of Roman bronze artifacts from Spoletino's cistern (Civitella D'Agliano, VT).

This study focuses on chemical and microstructural results on four bronze artifacts, dating back to the 3-4 centuries AD. These artifacts were unearthed in the archaeological site of the Roman Cistern at Spoletino (Civitella D'Agliano, VT, Central Italy). They were studied using a Reflected Light Microscope, micro-Raman spectroscopy, SEM-EDS analysis, and cluster analysis, providing reliable and complementary data on the samples.

Long-Term Headache Outcome and Radiological Correlates in Patients With Intracranial Hypotension.

Background: Headache is the most common presenting symptom of intracranial hypotension (IH), and it usually has orthostatic features. However, the outcome of IH and the persistence and characteristics of headache are still overlooked.

Methods: In this cohort study, patients diagnosed with IH in our institute between 2018 and 2024 were included.

Characterization of ultramarine blue in Roman wall paintings: case study from Volsinii (Bolsena, Italy).

The identification of blue pigments in Roman wall paintings provides crucial insights into the materials, artistic techniques, and trade routes in the antiquity. The present study focuses on the analysis of a blue pigment lump discovered at Ponticello (Bolsena, Italy) initially thought to be Egyptian blue. The lump pigment is compared with two synthetic ultramarine pigments (Poggi and Divolo), "Herculaneum blue," Egyptian blue, and natural lapis lazuli from Monte Somma, Italy.

Neuromuscular monitoring and incidence of postoperative residual neuromuscular blockade: a prospective observational study.

Background: Neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) are routinely used in anesthesia practice. An undetected, incomplete recovery of neuromuscular function at the end of surgery potentially exposes patients to clinical deterioration in the postoperative period. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of postoperative residual neuromuscular blockade (RNMB) in a cohort of patients receiving NMBAs.

White matter connections within the central sulcus subserving the somato-cognitive action network.

The somato-cognitive action network (SCAN) consists of three nodes interspersed within Penfield's motor effector regions. The configuration of the somato-cognitive action network nodes resembles the one of the 'plis de passage' of the central sulcus: small gyri bridging the precentral and postcentral gyri. Thus, we hypothesize that these may provide a structural substrate of the somato-cognitive action network.

Integration of 168,000 samples reveals global patterns of the human gut microbiome.

The factors shaping human microbiome variation are a major focus of biomedical research. While other fields have used large sequencing compendia to extract insights requiring otherwise impractical sample sizes, the microbiome field has lacked a comparably sized resource for the 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing commonly used to quantify microbiome composition. To address this gap, we processed 168,464 publicly available human gut microbiome samples with a uniform pipeline.

Prognostic value of manual versus automatic methods for assessing extents of resection and residual tumor volume in glioblastoma.

Objective: The extent of resection (EOR) and postoperative residual tumor (RT) volume are prognostic factors in glioblastoma. Calculations of EOR and RT rely on accurate tumor segmentations. Raidionics is an open-access software that enables automatic segmentation of preoperative and early postoperative glioblastoma using pretrained deep learning models.