Serum ergothioneine and risk of dementia in a general older Japanese population: the Hisayama Study.

Aim: To investigate the association between serum ergothioneine and risk of developing dementia and its subtypes in a community-dwelling older population.

Methods: In this prospective longitudinal analysis of participants enrolled in the Hisayama Study, 1344 Japanese community-residents aged 65 years and over without dementia at baseline were followed prospectively for a median of 11.2 years (2012-2023).

Secular Trends in the Prevalence of Total and Latent Prostate Cancer over Half a Century According to Consecutive Autopsy Cases in a Japanese community: The Hisayama Study.

Background And Objective: Our aim was to investigate secular trends in the period prevalence of total prostate cancer (PC) and latent PC (LPC) according to consecutive autopsy cases in a Japanese community.

Methods: A total of 1355 deceased men aged >40 yr in a Japanese community underwent consecutive autopsy examination between 1962 and 2020. The period prevalence of total PC and of LPC was calculated for 15-yr intervals, and secular trends were analyzed using a logistic regression model.

Differential brain volume between obese and underweight cognitively normal older adults with frailty in the JPSC-AD.

Frailty is common in older adults; however, the central nervous system mechanisms underlying the differences between obesity and underweight remain unclear. This study investigated brain volume in frail, cognitively normal, community-dwelling older adults across three body mass index (BMI) groups: low (< 18.5), intermediate (18.

Influence of chronic pain on regional brain volume reduction in a general older Japanese population: a longitudinal imaging analysis from the Hisayama Study.

Longitudinal analyses of the influence of chronic pain on pain-related regional brain volumes in general populations are warranted. This prospective cohort study investigated the association between the presence of chronic pain at baseline and the subsequent changes in pain-related regional brain volumes among Japanese community-dwelling older residents. Participants aged 65 years or older who underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans in both 2012 and 2017 were included.

Association of impaired olfactory identification with prevalent mild cognitive impairment and regional brain atrophy: the Hisayama Study.

Aim: To investigate the association of olfactory identification ability with both the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and regional brain atrophy in a community-dwelling older population.

Methods: A total of 1293 participants without dementia aged 65 years or older underwent a Japanese version of the 4-Item Pocket Smell Test, an assessment of cognitive function, and brain magnetic resonance imaging scanning in 2017-2018. Regional gray matter volumes (GMVs) and white matter lesions volume (WMLV) were estimated using FreeSurfer software.

Descriptive epidemiology of muscle-strengthening activities in Japanese middle-aged and older adults: the Hisayama Study.

Introduction: Data on the prevalence of muscle-strengthening activities in Asia have been limited. Using data from a community-based cross-sectional survey of a general adult population in Japan, whose age and occupational distribution were very similar to the national averages, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of muscle-strengthening activities.

Methods: A community survey of local residents over 40 years of age was conducted in 2017-2018 as part of the Hisayama Study.

The prevalence of chronic pain and its impact on activities of daily living disability and depressive symptoms according to multiple definitions in a Japanese population: the Hisayama study.

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the prevalence of chronic pain using various definitions from previous studies and to determine the optimal definition for detecting chronic pain associated with physical and emotional dysfunction in a general Japanese population.

Methods: A total of 2700 community-dwelling Japanese residents aged ≥40 years were assessed for chronic pain and its components of duration, frequency, and intensity. The activities of daily living (ADL) disability and depressive symptoms of participants were also evaluated using the modified Lankin Scale and Patient Health Questionnaire-9.

Transition of Metabolic Health Status and the Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases in a Japanese Population: the Hisayama Study.

Aims: To investigate the association between metabolic health status, defined by the combination of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and obesity, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in a Japanese community.

Methods: A total of 2,842 participants without prior CVD, aged 40 years or older, were followed up from 2007 until 2017. Participants were classified into 4 metabolic health statuses based on the presence of obesity (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m) and MetS: metabolically healthy normal weight (MHN) (obesity [-] and MetS [-]), metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUN) (obesity [-] and MetS [+]), metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) (obesity [+] and MetS [-]), and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) (obesity [+] and MetS [+]).

Common protein-altering variant in GFAP is associated with white matter lesions in the older Japanese population.

The genetic architecture of white matter lesions (WMLs) in Asian populations has not been well-characterized. Here, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify loci associated with the WML volume. Brain MRI and DNA samples were collected from 9479 participants in the Japan Prospective Studies Collaboration for Aging and Dementia (JPSC-AD).

Association between dynapenic obesity and risk of cardiovascular disease: The Hisayama study.

Background: Dynapenic obesity is a condition characterized by high adiposity levels combined with muscle dysfunction. Although high adiposity and muscle loss/dysfunction are thought to synergistically increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), few studies have addressed the association between dynapenic and sarcopenic obesity and CVD. We aimed to investigate the association of dynapenic obesity with incident CVD events using the data from a population-based prospective longitudinal study in Japan.

Association of sarcopenia with regional brain atrophy and white matter lesions in a general older population: the Hisayama Study.

Sarcopenia has been reported to be associated with cognitive decline and the risk of dementia. However, few studies have addressed the association between sarcopenia and brain morphological changes in the general population. A total of 1373 community-dwelling participants aged ≥ 65 years underwent brain MRI.

Skin carotenoid scores and metabolic syndrome in a general Japanese population: the Hisayama study.

Background: Higher vegetable intake is being promoted as an initiative to prevent lifestyle-related diseases. Carotenoids are yellow or red pigment components and are widely present in vegetables. Since ingested carotenoids accumulate in the skin, skin carotenoid levels are a quantitative indicator of vegetable intake.

Association between retinopathy and risk of dementia in a general Japanese population: the Hisayama Study.

We investigated the association of retinopathy with the risk of dementia in a general older Japanese population. A total of 1709 population-based residents aged 60 years or older without dementia were followed prospectively for 10 years (2007-2017). They underwent color fundus photography in 2007.

Plasma biomarkers for predicting the development of dementia in a community-dwelling older Japanese population.

Aim: To assess the association between plasma amyloid β (Aβ) 42/40, phosphorylated tau (p-τ)181, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), or neurofilament light chain (NfL) and the risk of dementia and to determine whether these plasma biomarkers could improve the ability to predict incident dementia in a general older population.

Methods: A total of 1346 Japanese community-dwelling individuals aged ≥65 years without dementia were followed prospectively for 5.0 years.

Serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and dementia in a community-dwelling Japanese older population (JPSC-AD).

In recent years, the association between neuroinflammatory markers and dementia, especially Alzheimer's disease (AD), has attracted much attention. However, the evidence for the relationship between serum-hs-CRP and dementia including AD are inconsistent. Therefore, the relationships of serum high-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) with dementia including AD and with regions of interest of brain MRI were investigated.

Association Between Serum NT-proBNP and Gray Matter Atrophy Patterns in an Older Japanese Population: The Hisayama Study.

Several population-based studies have reported that higher serum N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels are associated with brain morphological changes. However, no population-based studies have examined the relationship between serum NT-proBNP and various regional brain volumes in detail. We here analyzed the brain MRI data of 1 201 community-dwelling Japanese aged ≥65 years.

Day-to-day home blood pressure variability and risk of atrial fibrillation in a general Japanese population: the Hisayama Study.

Aims: Several prospective studies have reported that higher visit-to-visit blood pressure variability (BPV) is associated with atrial fibrillation (AF). However, no studies have investigated the association between day-to-day BPV assessed by home blood pressure measurement and the development of AF.

Methods And Results: A total of 2829 community-dwelling Japanese aged ≥40 years without prior AF were followed up for 10 years (2007-17).

The relation between vaccination status and referral to a consultation-liaison psychiatry service for hospitalized patients with COVID-19.

Background: Previous studies have shown that patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) are likely to be affected by delirium and other psychiatric complications. We aimed to evaluate the relation between COVID-19 vaccination status and referral of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 for consultation-liaison psychiatry services.

Method: From the medical records used for this retrospective, single hospital-based study, 576 patients were identified who were over 18 years-of-age and hospitalized with a diagnosis of COVID-19 between March 2020 and March 2022.

Inadequate care and excessive overprotection during childhood are associated with the presence of diabetes mellitus in adulthood in a general Japanese population: a cross-sectional analysis from the Hisayama Study.

Objective: To investigate associations between parenting styles during childhood and diabetes in adulthood in a Japanese community.

Methods: In 2011, 710 community-dwelling Japanese residents aged ≥ 40 years were assessed for the presence of diabetes and for their perceptions of the parenting style of their parents, as measured using the "care" and "overprotection" scales of the Parental Bonding Instrument. Care and overprotection scores for each parent were dichotomized by age-specific median values.

Late-Life High Blood Pressure and Enlarged Perivascular Spaces in the Putaminal Regions of Community-Dwelling Japanese Older Persons.

Background: Enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS) of the brain may be involved in dementia, such as Alzheimer's disease and cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). Hypertension has been reported to be a risk factor for dementia and CSVD, but the association between blood pressure (BP) and perivascular spaces is still unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the association between BP and EPVS volumes and to examine the interactions of relevant factors.