RC48-ADC monotherapy or in combination with immunotherapy for locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma with HER2 low and null expression: a multicenter, real-world, retrospective study.

Background: Approximately half of urothelial carcinoma (UC) patients exhibit low or null HER2 expression. Limited data are available on the efficacy of anti-HER2 RC48-ADC (Disitamab Vedotin) in HER2 low and null advanced UC.

Methods: Patients with locally advanced or metastatic UC (la/mUC) with HER2 low (IHC 1+) and null (IHC 0) expression who received RC48-ADC monotherapy or in combination with programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitors were enrolled in this multi-center, retrospective study.

Correlation between IL3 signaling pathway-related genes and immune checkpoint inhibitor efficacy in patients with renal cell carcinoma.

Background: There is a lack of effective biomarkers that predict immunotherapy efficacy in clear cell renal cell carcinoma(KIRC).

Objective: We aimed to identify biomarkers that would predict the efficacy of KIRC treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).

Methods: Cohort data of KIRC patients with somatic mutations, mRNA expression and survival data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and immunotherapy cohort and Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) database were analyzed and divided into interleukin 3 (IL3) pathway-related genes high expression (IL3-High) and IL3 pathway-related genes low expression (IL3-Low) groups according to pathway expression status to assess the relationship between the IL3 pathway-related genes activation status and the prognosis of KIRC patients treated with ICIs.

HER2-targeting antibody-drug conjugate RC48 alone or in combination with immunotherapy for locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma: a multicenter, real-world study.

Background: Phase II trials showed the efficacy of anti-HER2 RC48-ADC (disitamab vedotin) for HER2-positive metastatic urothelial carcinoma (UC). This study evaluated RC48 alone verses in combination with immunotherapy for locally advanced or metastatic UC using real-world data.

Methods: This retrospective, multicenter, real-world study included patients with locally advanced or metastatic UC who received RC48 in five hospitals in China between July 2021 and April 2022.

Long-term Follow-up of Detaenial Sigmoid Neobladder Reconstruction for Paediatric Patients with Bladder and Prostate Rhabdomyosarcoma: Technique and Results from a Single High-volume Centre.

Background: Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common paediatric soft-tissue sarcoma. Approximately 15-20% of RMS cases arise from the bladder and prostate (B/P). The optimal treatment strategy for B/P RMS remains unclear.

deletion enhances the efficiency of immunotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer.

Immunotherapy significantly improves the prognosis of advanced lung cancer. It has become an important treatment option for advanced lung cancer. However, there remain many limitations in clinical treatment, and only a small portion of patients can benefit from immunotherapy.

Hypoxic Characteristic Genes Predict Response to Immunotherapy for Urothelial Carcinoma.

Resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has been a massive obstacle to ICI treatment in metastatic urothelial carcinoma (MUC). Recently, increasing evidence indicates the clinical importance of the association between hypoxia and immune status in tumor patients. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the relationship between hypoxia and prognosis in metastatic urothelial carcinoma.

Nestin is essential for cellular redox homeostasis and gastric cancer metastasis through the mediation of the Keap1-Nrf2 axis.

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is a common malignancy of the digestive system. Antioxidant activity is regarded as a possible mechanism in ectopic cancer. Hence, oxidative stress regulation is being evaluated for cancer treatment.

High mutations in fatty acid metabolism contribute to a better prognosis of small-cell lung cancer patients treated with chemotherapy.

Background: The majority of patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) show a good response in the early stages of treatment, but more than 90% of patients will develop drug resistance. Therefore, biomarkers are urgently needed to identify patients who can benefit from systemic treatment.

Methods: We prospectively enrolled 52 extensive-stage SCLC patients before treatment from a local hospital to identify mutations related to patient prognosis, and verified them in the published Jiang's cohort and George's cohort.

Glycogen Metabolism Predicts the Efficacy of Immunotherapy for Urothelial Carcinoma.

Urothelial cancer (UC) is one of the common refractory tumors and chemotherapy is the primary treatment for it. The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) has facilitated the development of treatment strategies for UC patients. To screen out UC patients sensitive to ICI, researchers have proposed that PD-L1, tumor mutation burden and TCGA molecular subtypes can be used as predictors of ICI efficacy.

Influence of Different Age Cutoff Points on the Prediction of Prognosis of Cancer Patients Receiving ICIs and Potential Mechanistic Exploration.

Age is a potential predictive marker for the prognosis of cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), but the appropriate age cutoff point is still controversial. We aimed to explore the influence of different age cutoff points on the prediction of prognosis for patients receiving ICIs and explore the mechanism underlying the appropriate age cutoff point from the aspects of gene mutation and expression, immune cell infiltration and so on. We applied cutoff points of 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, and 75 years old to divide 1660 patients from the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) immunotherapy cohort into older and younger groups and performed survival analysis of the six subgroups.

Activation of the DDR Pathway Leads to the Down-Regulation of the TGFβ Pathway and a Better Response to ICIs in Patients With Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have changed the treatment paradigm of metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC), a dominant type of bladder cancer (BC). Previous studies have shown an association between gene mutations in the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway and the immunotherapy response in mUC but have neglected the effect of the activation level of the DDR pathway on the ICI response in mUC. A published immunotherapy cohort with genome, transcriptome and survival data for 348 mUC patients was used.

Alterations in TP53 Are a Potential Biomarker of Bladder Cancer Patients Who Benefit From Immune Checkpoint Inhibition.

In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting CTLA-4 or PD1/PDL1 have achieved remarkable success in the treatment of bladder cancer (BLCA), but only a few patients have shown durable clinical benefits. The prognostic role of a mutant form of the tumor suppressor gene TP53 (TP53-MT) in predicting the efficacy of ICIs is highly controversial; therefore, in this study, we obtained data for 210 patients from an immunotherapy cohort, 412 patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-BLCA cohort and 18 BLCA cell lines from Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC), and we performed integrated bioinformatic analysis to explore the relationships between TP53-MT and clinical benefits derived from ICI treatment and the underlying mechanisms. We conclude that TP53-MT is a potential indicator of a relatively good response to ICIs and associated with prolonged overall survival (OS) (log-rank test, hazard ratio (HR) = 0.

ATM Mutations Benefit Bladder Cancer Patients Treated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors by Acting on the Tumor Immune Microenvironment.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown promising results in bladder cancer (BC). However, only some patients respond to ICIs. DNA repair defects (DDR) play an important role in the therapeutic response of bladder cancer.

[Synthesis and characterization of folic acid-conjugated chitosan nanoparticles as a tumor-targeted drug carrier].

Objective: To synthesize and characterize paclitaxel (PTX)-loaded folate-conjugated chitosan (FA-CTS/PTX) nanoparticles and evaluate its cytotoxicity in vitro.

Methods: CTS/PTX and FA-CTS/PTX nanoparticles were prepared using reductive amidation and ionic gelation of chitosan with tripolyphosphate anions (TPP). The particle size was determined by laser scattering and the morphology observed using transmission electron microscopy, and the PTX content in the nanoparticles was determined using ultraviolet spectrophotometer at 227 nm.

[Correlation of antitumor drug sensitivity between marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and hepatocarcinoma cells in rats].

Background & Objective: As hepatocarcinoma stem cells may originate from oval cells and oval cells are difficult to be separated and purified, MSCs (marrow mesenchymal stem cells), which are the progenitor cells of the hepatocarcinoma stem cells, were selected instead in our study to investigate the correlation of anticancer drug sensitivity between hepatocarcinoma cells and MSCs in rats.

Methods: The primary liver carcinoma modle of rats was induced by diethylnitrosamine. Tumor cells and MSCs from eight hepatocarcinoma rats were separated.

[The biological behavior of hepatocarcinoma stem cells in rats].

Objectives: To study the biological behavior of hepatocarcinoma stem cells in rats.

Methods: Primary liver carcinomas were induced in rats using diethylnitrosamine. Tumor cells from 8 rats were separated according to rats oval cell (OVC) markers CD34, c-Kit, Thy-1, AFP, CK7, CK8, CK14, CK18, CK19 and GGT and then they were separately injected into the livers of nude mice.

[Expression of DNA transcription- and repair-related genes in cisplatin-resistant human ovarian carcinoma cell line COC1/DDP].

Objective: To study the molecular mechanism underlying cisplatin resistance in ovarian carcinoma by detecting the expressions of DNA transcription- and repair-related genes in cisplatin-resistant human ovarian carcinoma COC1 cell line.

Methods: The differential expression of DNA transcription- and repair-related genes between the parental COC1 and cisplatin-resistant COC1/DDP cell line was determined using cDNA microarray.

Results And Conclusion: Compared with COC1 cells, 143 genes in COC1/DDP cells showed significant differential expression, among which 20 were DNA transcription- and repair-related genes including 13 significantly up-regulated genes and 7 down-regulated ones.

Synthesis of targeted drug delivery system for fluorouracil using sulfadiazine as the carrier.

Objective: To synthesize a targeted drug delivery system for 5-fluorouracil (5Fu) using sulfadiazine (SF) as a carrier with reduced side-effects and strong antitumor activity.

Methods: SF-poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) conjugate was initially synthesized. 5Fu was subjected to reaction with trichloromethyl chloroformate to prepare chloroformyl 5Fu, which was linked to a spacer hydroxyl group of PEG that served as a macromolecular linking arm between SF and 5Fu.