Towards fair decentralized benchmarking of healthcare AI algorithms with the Federated Tumor Segmentation (FeTS) challenge.

Computational competitions are the standard for benchmarking medical image analysis algorithms, but they typically use small curated test datasets acquired at a few centers, leaving a gap to the reality of diverse multicentric patient data. To this end, the Federated Tumor Segmentation (FeTS) Challenge represents the paradigm for real-world algorithmic performance evaluation. The FeTS challenge is a competition to benchmark (i) federated learning aggregation algorithms and (ii) state-of-the-art segmentation algorithms, across multiple international sites.

Multifunctional and multilayer surgical sealant for a better patient safety.

Unmanagable bleeding during combats, road accidents, and intraoperative or external injuries causes a significant rise in mortality. Any biomaterial that can intensify hemostasis, and reduce complications, can reduce mortality and increase the survivability of the subjects. In the present research, we attempted to develop a multifunctional surgical sealant (MfSS) by integrating fast disintegrating film (FDF), nanoporous fibers reinforced composite scaffold (NFRCS), and a flexible silicon layer (FSL).

Ultrahigh Penetration and Retention of Graphene Quantum Dot Mesoporous Silica Nanohybrids for Image Guided Tumor Regression.

So far, near-infrared (NIR) light responsive nanostructures have been well-defined in cancer nanomedicine. However, poor penetration and retention in tumors are the limiting factors. Here, we report the ultrahigh penetration and retention of carbanosilica (graphene quantum dots, GQDs embedded mesoporous silica) in solid tumors.

Developing a Radiomics Signature for Supratentorial Extra-Ventricular Ependymoma Using Multimodal MR Imaging.

To build a machine learning-based diagnostic model that can accurately distinguish adult supratentorial extraventricular ependymoma (STEE) from similarly appearing high-grade gliomas (HGG) using quantitative radiomic signatures from a multi-parametric MRI framework. We computed radiomic features on the preprocessed and segmented tumor masks from a pre-operative multimodal MRI dataset [contrast-enhanced T1 (T1ce), T2, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)] from STEE ( = 15), HGG-Grade IV (HGG-G4) ( = 24), and HGG-Grade III (HGG-G3) ( = 36) patients, followed by an optimum two-stage feature selection and multiclass classification. Performance of multiple classifiers were evaluated on both unimodal and multimodal feature sets and most discriminative radiomic features involved in classification of STEE from HGG subtypes were obtained.

Multiplexed quantitative proteomics provides mechanistic cues for malaria severity and complexity.

Management of severe malaria remains a critical global challenge. In this study, using a multiplexed quantitative proteomics pipeline we systematically investigated the plasma proteome alterations in non-severe and severe malaria patients. We identified a few parasite proteins in severe malaria patients, which could be promising from a diagnostic perspective.

Styryl-cinnamate hybrid inhibits glioma by alleviating translation, bioenergetics and other key cellular responses leading to apoptosis.

Gliomas are lethal and aggressive form of brain tumors with resistance to conventional radiation and cytotoxic chemotherapies; inviting continuous efforts for drug discovery and drug delivery. Interestingly, small molecule hybrids are one such pharmacophore that continues to capture interest owing to their pluripotent medicinal effects. Accordingly, we earlier reported synthesis of potent Styryl-cinnamate hybrids (analogues of Salvianolic acid F) along with its plausible mode of action (MOA).

Clinical Proteomics and Cytokine Profiling for Dengue Fever Disease Severity Biomarkers.

Dengue fever (DF) is a major global health burden with a pathophysiology that is still incompletely understood. Biomarkers that predict and explain susceptibility to DF and its progression to its more severe hemorrhagic form are much needed. DF is endemic in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, with a rapidly increasing incidence of disease severity.

Proteomic analysis of elicitation of downy mildew disease resistance in pearl millet by seed priming with β-aminobutyric acid and Pseudomonas fluorescens.

Unlabelled: Downy mildew is one of the severe diseases of pearl millet, globally affecting its commercial production. Priming of seeds of a susceptible cultivar of pearl millet with β-aminobutyric acid (BABA) and Pseudomonas fluorescens has reduced the downy mildew disease incidence level under field studies. In the current study, proteomic approach was used to elucidate the poorly studied resistance mechanism in these elicitor primed pearl millet seeds in response to Sclerospora graminicola infection.