Cancer of the ovary, fallopian tube, and peritoneum: 2025 update.

In 2014, FIGO's Committee for Gynecologic Oncology revised the staging of ovarian cancer, incorporating ovarian, fallopian tube, and peritoneal cancer into the same system. Most of these malignancies are high-grade serous carcinomas (HGSCs). Stage IC is now divided into three categories: IC1 (surgical spill), IC2 (capsule ruptured before surgery or tumor on ovarian or fallopian tube surface), and IC3 (malignant cells in the ascites or peritoneal washings).

Cationic lipid transfection induces nuclear actin filaments.

Cationic lipids are widely used for gene delivery. Here, we report the transient formation of nuclear actin filaments in mammalian cells transfected with commercially available transfection reagents regardless of the proteins transfected. Readily detectable with phalloidin, nuclear actin ranges from short filaments to a fully developed network.

Duodenal obstruction in a 38-year-old: Case report of an unusual ovarian cancer presentation requiring a Whipple procedure.

Since ovarian cancer typically spreads intraperitoneally or via lymphatics, a retroperitoneal duodenal obstruction is a rare presentation of ovarian cancer. Such upper gastrointestinal obstruction in a young patient is diagnostically challenging and surgically difficult to address. In this case report, we describe that in an interdisciplinary approach a Whipple pancreaticoduodenectomy could be safely implemented into the interval debulking surgery to achieve complete cytoreduction.

De-Escalated Adjuvant Treatment for Advanced MMR Deficient Mixed Endometrioid/Clear Cell Endometrial Carcinoma with PD-1 Inhibition Alone: A Case Report.

Introduction: Advanced mixed epithelial endometrial carcinomas are rare high-grade cancers with a poor prognosis. A clear cell component infers relative chemotherapy insensitivity, likely further increased by p53 wild type status and MMR deficiency. PD-1 inhibition for MMR deficient endometrial cancers has been recently added to first-line adjuvant treatment in combination with platinum-based chemotherapy.

Site-agnostic PARP-inhibitor maintenance therapy of advanced stage mutated gastric-type endocervical adenocarcinoma: A case report.

• Gastric-type endocervical adenocarcinomas (GEA) are rare, aggressive cancers with limited therapeutic options. • Although therapeutic effects of PARP-inhibitors in non-BRCA-associated cancers might be limited, clinical data is sparse. • Given limited treatment options and poor prognosis of GEA, somatic mutation testing, and PARP-inhibitor maintenance can be considered.

Nuclear actin filaments - a historical perspective.

The view on nuclear filaments formed by non-skeletal β-actin has significantly changed over the decades. Initially, filamentous actin was observed in amphibian oocyte nuclei and only under specific cell stress conditions in mammalian cell nuclei. Improved labeling and imaging technologies have permitted insights into a transient but microscopically apparent filament network that is relevant for chromatin organization, biomechanics of the mammalian cell nucleus, gene expression, and DNA damage repair.

SMARCA4 loss irrelevant for mutated ovarian clear cell carcinoma: A case report.

Clear cell carcinomas are rare and relatively chemo-insensitive ovarian cancers with a characteristic molecular pathogenesis. Alterations in , a component of the multiprotein chromatin remodeling complex SWI/SNF, are likely early events in the development of ovarian clear cancers arising from atypical endometriosis. Insight into additional driver events and particularly mutations in the same chromatin remodeling complex is limited.

Aberrant nuclear β-catenin distribution does not prognosticate recurrences of endometrioid endometrial cancers - A retrospective single-institutional study.

Objective: Aberrant β-catenin distribution has been theorized as a predictive biomarker for recurrence in early stage, low grade endometrioid endometrial cancer.

Methods: This retrospective single-institution cohort study reviewed 410 patients with endometrial cancer from May 2018 to May 2022. Only endometrioid histology was included.

Risk of endometrial polyp and surgical intervention in postmenopausal women with proliferative endometrium.

Objective: To study the long-term risks of postmenopausal women with proliferative endometrium developing benign uterine pathologies (endometrial polyps and uterine fibroids) and requiring future gynecological interventions, and to compare them with women with atrophic endometrium.

Design: Retrospective cohort study of all women aged 55 or over who underwent endometrial biopsy between 1/1997 and 12/2008. Outcome data were available through to 2/2018.

Adjuvant radiation therapy in early-stage endometrial cancer with abnormal beta-catenin expression is associated with improved local control.

Objectives: Emerging data suggests that abnormal (nuclear) β-catenin expression in some settings is associated with poorer outcomes. Our study aimed to verify the significance of abnormal β-catenin expression in early-stage endometrial cancer patients and determine if adjuvant radiation therapy (RT) improves local control.

Methods: We identified 213 patients with FIGO 2018 stage I-II endometrioid endometrial cancer who underwent surgery from 2009 to 2021 with β-catenin expression assessed.

Differential Intracellular Protein Distribution in Cancer and Normal Cells-Beta-Catenin and CapG in Gynecologic Malignancies.

It is well-established that cancer and normal cells can be differentiated based on the altered and of specific proteins. There are only a few examples, however, showing that cancer and normal cells can be differentiated based on the altered of proteins within intracellular compartments. Here, we review available data on shifts in the intracellular distribution of two proteins, the membrane associated beta-catenin and the actin-binding protein CapG.

Technetium Tc 99m tilmanocept fails to detect sentinel lymph nodes in endometrial cancer.

Background: Technetium Tc 99m tilmanocept is a synthetic radiotracer specifically designed for sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping that has been FDA-approved in breast cancer, melanoma, and head and neck cancer. No published studies exist for the use of this radiotracer in endometrial cancer.

Objective: The primary objective was to determine the detection rate of bilateral SLNs in endometrial cancer with the concurrent use of technetium Tc 99m tilmanocept and ICG.

Prospective molecular classification of endometrial carcinomas: institutional implementation, practice, and clinical experience.

The comprehensive genomic analysis of endometrial carcinoma (EC) by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) led to the discovery of four distinct and prognostically significant molecular subgroups. Molecular classification has the potential to improve risk-stratification when integrated with clinicopathologic features and has recently been included in national and international patient management EC guidelines. Thus, the adoption of molecular classification into routine pathologic and clinical practice is likely to grow significantly in the upcoming years.

Cancer of the ovary, fallopian tube, and peritoneum: 2021 update.

In 2014, FIGO's Committee for Gynecologic Oncology revised the staging of ovarian cancer, incorporating ovarian, fallopian tube, and peritoneal cancer into the same system. Most of these malignancies are high-grade serous carcinomas (HGSC). Stage IC is now divided into three categories: IC1 (surgical spill); IC2 (capsule ruptured before surgery or tumor on ovarian or fallopian tube surface); and IC3 (malignant cells in the ascites or peritoneal washings).

Assessing Protein Interactions in Live-Cells with FRET-Sensitized Emission.

Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) is the radiationless transfer of energy from an excited donor to an acceptor molecule and depends upon the distance and orientation of the molecules as well as the extent of overlap between the donor emission and acceptor absorption spectra. FRET permits to study the interaction of proteins in the living cell over time and in different subcellular compartments. Different intensity-based algorithms to measure FRET using microscopy have been described in the literature.

In invasion assays, the breast cancer cell nucleus leads the way.

Objective: Cancer cell metastasis determines disease prognosis. During cancer cell metastasis, the cancer cell and the cancer cell nucleus have to undergo extreme shape changes. To monitor shape changes of cancer cells and cancer cell nuclei and the positioning of the cancer cell nucleus during cancer cell invasion, a customized invasion assay with 8-μm pores and reconstituted basal membrane was imaged using fluorescence live-cell microscopy.

Vulvar sarcoma outcomes by histologic subtype: a Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database review.

Objective: Vulvar cancers account for 5% of all gynecologic malignancies; only 1%-3% of those vulvar cancers are primary vulvar sarcomas. Given the rarity of vulvar sarcomas, outcome data specific to histopathologic subtypes are sparse. The aim of this study was to identify clinical and pathologic factors of primary vulvar sarcomas that are associated with survival and may inform treatment decisions.

Dissecting Oligomeric States with Photoactivated Localization Microscopy: A Numerical Model.

Although photoactivated localization microscopy offers the potential to interrogate protein interactions in the physiological environment of a cell, uncertainties in the detection efficiency of photoactivatable proteins lead to complications with data interpretation. Here, we present a numerical model that provides probabilities to detect neighboring molecules dependent on their oligomerization status, density, detection efficiency, and radius, and can be used to assess oligomeric states or detection efficiencies of two molecular species. © 2020 The Authors.

Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsies in Endometrial Cancer: Practice Patterns among Gynecologic Oncologists in the United States.

Study Objective: To evaluate practice patterns among gynecologic oncologists with regard to sentinel lymph node injection and biopsy in endometrial cancer.

Design: An observational study with no control group.

Setting And Patients: Active members of the Society of Gynecologic Oncology.

How to Quantify the Fraction of Photoactivated Fluorescent Proteins in Bulk and in Live Cells.

Photoactivatable and -convertible fluorescent proteins (PA-FPs) have been used in fluorescence live-cell microscopy for analyzing the dynamics of cells and protein ensembles. Thus far, no method has been available to quantify in bulk and in live cells how many of the PA-FPs expressed are photoactivated to fluoresce. Here, we present a protocol involving internal rulers, i.