Reliability and Spatial Consistency of MR Diffusion Tensor Imaging Measures Along the Cerebral Perivascular Space.

Background And Purpose: Diffusion tensor imaging analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) has emerged as a promising noninvasive method for evaluating water motion that may reflect glymphatic system function. However, the reliability of DTI-ALPS measurements across different region-of-interest (ROI) selection methods remains underinvestigated. This study aimed to assess the interrater reliability among three neuroradiologists in native space and compare DTI-ALPS indices derived from ROIs placed in subjects' native space versus standardized Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) space.

Prognostic Significance of , and Genes in Breast Cancer: Implications for Survival and Therapeutic Stratification.

Background: Breast cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women, highlighting the urgent need for reliable biomarkers that can aid in prognosis and therapeutic stratification.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the RNA expression levels of four specific genes-, , , and -in breast cancer tumors compared to adjacent normal tissues, and to assess their prognostic significance in relation to clinical parameters and recurrence-free survival.

Materials And Methods: The RNA expression levels of , , , and were examined using SYBR Green real-time PCR.

The CH/CO Gas Mixture Separation Using the Graphene, SiC, and BN Nanochannels: A Comprehensive Computational Approach.

This study presents a comprehensive computational investigation into the separation of CH/CO gas mixtures using nanochannels based on graphene, silicon carbide (SiC), and boron nitride (BN). Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were employed to evaluate the adsorption dynamics, permeation rates, and separation efficiency of these two-dimensional materials under varying pressures and configurations. Graphene exhibited superior CH permeability due to its atomic thickness and high surface energy, though selectivity was limited by weak interaction with CO.

Exploring the Role of hsa_circ_0052112 as a Potential Biomarker in Breast Cancer: Insights from Experimental and Analyses.

Background: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are important in tumorigenesis and cancer progression, highlighting their potential as biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment monitoring.

Methods: This study consists of experimental and phases. In the experimental phase, the expression of hsa_circ_0052112 in tumor and blood samples from 40 breast cancer women was analyzed, compared to the control group using Sybr Green real-time RT-PCR followed by total RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis.

Severity Classification of Pediatric Spinal Cord Injuries Using Structural MRI Measures and Deep Learning: A Comprehensive Analysis across All Vertebral Levels.

Background And Purpose: Spinal cord injury (SCI) in the pediatric population presents a unique challenge in diagnosis and prognosis due to the complexity of performing clinical assessments on children. Accurate evaluation of structural changes in the spinal cord is essential for effective treatment planning. This study aims to evaluate structural characteristics in pediatric patients with SCI by comparing cross-sectional area (CSA), anterior-posterior (AP) width, and right-left (RL) width across all vertebral levels of the spinal cord between typically developing (TD) and participants with SCI.

Deep Brain Stimulation Electrode Deviations are Associated With Brain Stiffness Interfaces Measured by Magnetic Resonance Elastography.

Background And Objectives: The efficacy of deep brain stimulation (DBS) relies on accurate electrode placement. Unfortunately, electrode deviation poses a persistent problem, with most electrodes demonstrating some degree of bending. Although such bending does not always result in target deviation, an estimated 3% to 8% of patients still require revision surgery to address suboptimal electrode placement.

Magnetization Transfer Ratio in the Typically Developing Pediatric Spinal Cord: Normative Data and Age Correlation.

Background And Purpose: This study presents automated atlas-based magnetization transfer (MT) measurements of the typically developing pediatric cervical spinal cord (SC). We report normative MT ratio (MTR) values from the whole cervical cord white matter (WM) and WM tracts, examining variations with age, sex, height, and weight.

Methods: MT scans of 33 healthy females (mean age = 12.

Use of multi-modal non-contrast MRI to predict functional outcomes after stroke: A study using DP-pCASL, DTI, NODDI, and MAP MRI.

Purpose: This study aims to assess whether water exchange rate (k), a surrogate for blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, is associated with functional outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS).

Methods: We studied 22 AIS patients enrolled from 1/2022 to 4/2024 who underwent multi-modal non-contrast imaging on a 3.0-Tesla scanner, including DP-pCASL, DTI, NODDI and MAP imaging.

Use of mean apparent propagator (MAP) MRI in patients with acute ischemic stroke: A comparative study with DTI and NODDI.

Purpose: To evaluate the Mean Apparent Propagator (MAP) MRI for processing multi-shell diffusion imaging in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and correlate to diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and neurite orientation and dispersion density imaging (NODDI).

Methods: We enrolled patients with AIS from 1/2022 to 4/2024 who underwent multi-shell diffusion imaging on a 3.0-Tesla scanner to generate DTI, NODDI and MAP measures.

Multimodal functional imaging and clinical correlates of pain regions in chronic low-back pain patients treated with spinal cord stimulation: a pilot study.

Objective: Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is an invasive treatment option for patients suffering from chronic low-back pain (cLBP). It is an effective treatment that has been shown to reduce pain and increase the quality of life in patients. However, the activation of pain processing regions of cLBP patients receiving SCS has not been assessed using objective, quantitative functional imaging techniques.

Temperature Dependence of Reaction Kinetics in a Hybrid GaAs Solar-Fuel Cell Device.

The recently proposed single-electrode fuel cell (SEFC) is based on the chemovoltaic effect in a semiconductor p-n junction and as a hybrid device also allows operation as a photovoltaic cell. This study investigates the temperature dependence of the chemovoltaic effect in GaAs/GaInP p-n double heterojunction SEFC devices in the presence of both liquid and vapor methanol as a fuel. The experimental results reveal that increasing the temperature from room temperature to around 45 °C significantly enhances the fuel cell's performance by accelerating the electrochemical oxidation and reduction reactions injecting electrons and holes into the semiconductor bands.

The impact of mechanical thrombectomy on the blood-brain barrier in patients with acute ischemic stroke: A non-contrast MR imaging study using DP-pCASL and NODDI.

Background And Purpose: While mechanical thrombectomy (MT) achieves restoration of cerebral blood flow to the area at risk in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS), the influx of blood flow may exacerbate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and extravasation across the BBB, and it therefore remains unclear how reperfusion impacts the blood-brain barrier integrity. In this study, we use diffusion-prepared pseudocontinuous ASL (DP-pCASL) and Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging (NODDI) sequence to measure the water exchange rate (k) in patients who underwent either MT or medical management and determine its impact on the brain tissue microstructure in order to elucidate the impact of MT on BBB complex integrity.

Materials And Methods: We prospectively enrolled 21 patients with AIS treated at our institution from 10/2021 to 6/2023 who underwent MR imaging at a 3.

Stereotactic Electroencephalogram Recordings in Temporal Lobectomy Patients Demonstrates the Predictive Value of Interictal Cross-Frequency Correlations: A Retrospective Study.

Background: Positive correlations between low- and high-frequency spectra from stereotactic electroencephalogram (SEEG) recordings have been implicated in pathological brain activity interictally and have been used for ictal detection in both focal and network models.

Objective: We evaluated SEEG signals in patients who ultimately underwent temporal lobectomy to evaluate their utility in seizure localization and prediction of seizure freedom post-resection.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed cross-frequency correlations between beta and high gamma (HG) interictal SEEG signals from 22 patients.

Quantifying blood-brain barrier permeability in patients with ischemic stroke using non-contrast MRI.

Increased blood-brain barrier permeability (BBBP) after ischemic stroke predisposes patients to hemorrhagic conversion. While altered BBBP can impact patient recovery, it is not routinely assessed during the workup of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). We study the effectiveness of the non-contrast MRI sequences diffusion-prepared pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling (DP-pCASL) and Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging (NODDI) in assessing BBBP and correlating to tissue microstructure after ischemic insult.

Deep learning-based multimodality classification of chronic mild traumatic brain injury using resting-state functional MRI and PET imaging.

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a public health concern. The present study aimed to develop an automatic classifier to distinguish between patients with chronic mTBI ( = 83) and healthy controls (HCs) ( = 40). Resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging were acquired from the subjects.

Chemovoltaic effect for renewable liquid and vapor fuels on semiconductor surfaces.

The chemovoltaic effect - generation of electronic excitation by exergonic redox reactions - has been observed on metallic surfaces of Schottky junctions and is proving to be pivotal in explaining in detail the momentum conservation relations of chemically active collisions. As shown in this work, it can hold keys for direct chemical energy harvesting by semiconductor solar cells. To study the possibilities of chemovoltaic energy conversion by semiconductors, we have modeled and designed an 'electrolyte-free fuel cell' formed by a GaAs diode that can host electrochemical fuel oxidation and oxidant reduction reactions on its conduction and valence bands and as a result convert renewable chemical energy (as well as light) into electricity.

Treatment effects of N-acetyl cysteine on resting-state functional MRI and cognitive performance in patients with chronic mild traumatic brain injury: a longitudinal study.

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a significant public health concern, specially characterized by a complex pattern of abnormal neural activity and functional connectivity. It is often associated with a broad spectrum of short-term and long-term cognitive and behavioral symptoms including memory dysfunction, headache, and balance difficulties. Furthermore, there is evidence that oxidative stress significantly contributes to these symptoms and neurophysiological changes.

A computational investigation of DMSO/water separation through functionalized GO multilayer nanosheet membrane using molecular dynamics simulation and deep neural network model for membrane performance prediction.

In this molecular dynamics (MD) simulation study, the separation of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) from water was investigated using multilayer functionalized graphene oxide (GO) membranes. The GO nanosheets were modified with chemical groups (-F, -H) to alter their properties. The study analyzed the influence of pressure and functional groups on the separation rate.

Characteristic dynamic functional connectivity during sevoflurane-induced general anesthesia.

General anesthesia (GA) during surgery is commonly maintained by inhalational sevoflurane. Previous resting state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) studies have demonstrated suppressed functional connectivity (FC) of the entire brain networks, especially the default mode networks, transitioning from the awake to GA condition. However, accuracy and reliability were limited by previous administration methods (e.

Profiles of resting state functional connectivity in temporal lobe epilepsy associated with post-laser interstitial thermal therapy seizure outcomes and semiologies.

Introduction: It is now understood that in focal epilepsy, impacted neural regions are not limited to the epileptogenic zone. As such, further investigation into the underlying functional connectivity (FC) patterns in those enduring Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE) with Mesial Temporal Sclerosis (MTS) is imperative to understanding the intricacies of the disease.

Methods: The rsfMRIs of 17 healthy participants, 10 left-sided TLE-MTS patients with a pre-operative history of focal impaired awareness seizures (FIA), and 13 left-sided TLE-MTS patients with a pre-operative history of focal aware seizures (FA) were compared to determine the existence of distinct FC patterns with respect to seizure types.

Understanding the performance of RHO type zeolite membrane for CH/N separation based on molecular dynamics and deep neural network methods.

This study shows a molecular dynamics (MD) simulation study on the performance of the RHO zeolite membrane for separating nitrogen from methane/nitrogen gas mixtures. The contamination of natural gas, predominantly composed of methane, with nitrogen diminishes its value. Zeolite membranes offer promising prospects for gas separation due to their stability, rigid pore structure, and molecular sieving properties.

Metal artifact reduction around cervical spine implant using diffusion tensor imaging at 3T: A phantom study.

Purpose: Diffusion MRI continues to play a key role in non-invasively assessing spinal cord integrity and pre-operative injury evaluation. However, post-operative Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) acquisition of patients with metal implants results in severe geometric distortion. We propose and demonstrate a method to alleviate the technical challenges facing the acquisition of DTI on post-operative cases and longitudinal evaluation of therapeutics.