Urban flask measurements of COff and CO to identify emission sources at different site types in Auckland, New Zealand.

As part of the CarbonWatch-NZ research programme, air samples were collected at 28 sites around Auckland, New Zealand, to determine the atmospheric ratio () of excess (local enhancement over background) carbon monoxide to fossil CO (COff). Sites were categorized into seven types (background, forest, industrial, suburban, urban, downwind and motorway) to observe around Auckland. Motorway flasks observed of 14 ± 1 ppb ppm and were used to evaluate traffic .

Increased Amazon carbon emissions mainly from decline in law enforcement.

The Amazon forest carbon sink is declining, mainly as a result of land-use and climate change. Here we investigate how changes in law enforcement of environmental protection policies may have affected the Amazonian carbon balance between 2010 and 2018 compared with 2019 and 2020, based on atmospheric CO vertical profiles, deforestation and fire data, as well as infraction notices related to illegal deforestation. We estimate that Amazonia carbon emissions increased from a mean of 0.

Dramatic Lockdown Fossil Fuel CO Decrease Detected by Citizen Science-Supported Atmospheric Radiocarbon Observations.

COVID-19 lockdowns resulted in dramatic changes to fossil fuel CO emissions around the world, most prominently in the transportation sector. Yet travel restrictions also hampered observational data collection, making it difficult to evaluate emission changes as they occurred. To overcome this, we used a novel citizen science campaign to detect emission changes during lockdown and engage youth in climate science.

Tropical land carbon cycle responses to 2015/16 El Niño as recorded by atmospheric greenhouse gas and remote sensing data.

The outstanding tropical land climate characteristic over the past decades is rapid warming, with no significant large-scale precipitation trends. This warming is expected to continue but the effects on tropical vegetation are unknown. El Niño-related heat peaks may provide a test bed for a future hotter world.

Seasonality and interannual variability of CH fluxes from the eastern Amazon Basin inferred from atmospheric mole fraction profiles.

The Amazon Basin is an important region for global CH emissions. It hosts the largest area of humid tropical forests, and around 20% of this area is seasonally flooded. In a warming climate it is possible that CH emissions from the Amazon will increase both as a result of increased temperatures and precipitation.

Regional atmospheric CO2 inversion reveals seasonal and geographic differences in Amazon net biome exchange.

Understanding tropical rainforest carbon exchange and its response to heat and drought is critical for quantifying the effects of climate change on tropical ecosystems, including global climate-carbon feedbacks. Of particular importance for the global carbon budget is net biome exchange of CO2 with the atmosphere (NBE), which represents nonfire carbon fluxes into and out of biomass and soils. Subannual and sub-Basin Amazon NBE estimates have relied heavily on process-based biosphere models, despite lack of model agreement with plot-scale observations.