Attenuated kidney oxidative metabolism in young adults with type 1 diabetes.

BACKGROUNDIn type 1 diabetes (T1D), impaired insulin sensitivity may contribute to the development of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) through alterations in kidney oxidative metabolism.METHODSYoung adults with T1D (n = 30) and healthy controls (HCs) (n = 20) underwent hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp studies, MRI, 11C-acetate PET, kidney biopsies, single-cell RNA-Seq, and spatial metabolomics to assess this relationship.RESULTSParticipants with T1D had significantly higher glomerular basement membrane (GBM) thickness compared with HCs.

The action of enhancing weak light capture via phototropic growth and chloroplast movement in plants.

To cope with fluctuating light conditions, terrestrial plants have evolved precise regulation mechanisms to help optimize light capture and increase photosynthetic efficiency. Upon blue light-triggered autophosphorylation, activated phototropin (PHOT1 and PHOT2) photoreceptors function solely or redundantly to regulate diverse responses, including phototropism, chloroplast movement, stomatal opening, and leaf positioning and flattening in plants. These responses enhance light capture under low-light conditions and avoid photodamage under high-light conditions.

Quantitative Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Estimating Intra-renal Oxygen Availability Demonstrates Kidneys Are Hypoxemic in Human CKD.

Introduction: Kidney blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has shown great promise in evaluating relative oxygen availability. This method is quite efficacious in evaluating acute responses to physiological and pharmacologic maneuvers. Its outcome parameter, R2∗ is defined as the apparent spin-spin relaxation rate measured in the presence of magnetic susceptibility differences and it is measured using gradient echo MRI.

Plasma levels of carboxylic acids are markers of early kidney dysfunction in young people with type 1 diabetes.

Background: We compared plasma metabolites of amino acid oxidation and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in youth with and without type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and related the metabolites to glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal plasma flow (RPF), and albuminuria. Metabolites associated with impaired kidney function may warrant future study as potential biomarkers or even future interventions to improve kidney bioenergetics.

Methods: Metabolomic profiling of fasting plasma samples using a targeted panel of 644 metabolites and an untargeted panel of 19,777 metabolites was performed in 50 youth with T1DM ≤ 10 years and 20 controls.

Radiomics-Based Image Phenotyping of Kidney Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Maps: Preliminary Feasibility & Efficacy.

Given the central role of interstitial fibrosis in disease progression in chronic kidney disease (CKD), a role for diffusion-weighted MRI has been pursued. We evaluated the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of using radiomic features to phenotype apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps and hence to the clinical classification(s) of the participants. The study involved 40 individuals (10 healthy and 30 with CKD (eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.

Medullary Blood Oxygen Level-Dependent MRI Index (R2*) is Associated with Annual Loss of Kidney Function in Moderate CKD.

Background: The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is frequently used to monitor progression of kidney disease. Multiple values have to be obtained, sometimes over years to determine the rate of decline in kidney function. Recent data suggest that functional MRI (fMRI) methods may be able to predict loss of eGFR.

MRI Mapping of the Blood Oxygenation Sensitive Parameter T* in the Kidney: Basic Concept.

The role of hypoxia in renal disease and injury has long been suggested but much work still remains, especially as it relates to human translation. Invasive pO probes are feasible in animal models but not for human use. In addition, they only provide localized measurements.

Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of fifty-six cases of COVID-19 in Liaoning Province, China.

Background: Pneumonia of uncertain cause has been reported in Wuhan, China since the beginning of early December 2019. In early January 2020, a novel strain of β-coronavirus was identified by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention from the pharyngeal swab specimens of patients, which was recently named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). There is evidence of human-to-human transmission and familial cluster outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Relative Hypoxia and Early Diabetic Kidney Disease in Type 1 Diabetes.

The objective of this study was to compare the ratio of renal oxygen availability (RO) to glomerular filtration rate (GFR), a measure of relative renal hypoxia, in adolescents with and without type 1 diabetes (T1D) and relate the ratio to albuminuria, renal plasma flow (RPF), fat mass, and insulin sensitivity (). RO was estimated by blood oxygen level-dependent MRI; fat mass was estimated by DXA; GFR and RPF were estimated by iohexol and -aminohippurate clearance; albuminuria was estimated by urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR); and was estimated from steady-state glucose infusion rate/insulin (mg/kg/min) by hyperglycemic clamp in 50 adolescents with T1D (age 16.1 ± 3.

Renal BOLD MRI in patients with chronic kidney disease: comparison of the semi-automated twelve layer concentric objects (TLCO) and manual ROI methods.

Objective: Blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) MRI technique is used to evaluate changes in intra-renal oxygenation in chronic kidney disease (CKD). The purpose of this study was to evaluate if the novel twelve layer concentric objects (TLCO) method has advantages over the manually defined regions of interest (ROI) analysis.

Methods And Materials: Existing renal BOLD MRI data acquired before and after furosemide on a 3 T scanner from 41 CKD patients and 13 age matched healthy controls were analyzed using TLCO method and compared with previously reported ROI analysis.

[Molecular mechanisms of meiotic recombination suppression in plants].

Meiotic recombination not only ensures the stability of chromosome numbers during the sexual reproduction in eukaryotes, but also shuffles the maternal and paternal genetic materials to generate genetic diversity in the gametes. Therefore, meiotic recombination is an important pathway for genetic diversity, which has been considered as a major driving force for species evolution and biodiversity in nature. In most eukaryotes, meiotic recombination is strictly limited, despite the large variation of physical genome size and chromosome numbers among species, but the mechanisms suppressing meiotic recombination remain elusive.

Cortical Perfusion and Tubular Function as Evaluated by Magnetic Resonance Imaging Correlates with Annual Loss in Renal Function in Moderate Chronic Kidney Disease.

Background: Chronic hypoxia is a well-recognized factor in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Loss of microcirculation is thought to lead to enhanced renal hypoxia, which in turn results in the development of fibrosis, a hallmark of progressive CKD. To evaluate the role of functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we performed perfusion, oxygenation, and diffusion MRI measurements in individuals with diabetes and stage 3 CKD.

Consistency of Multiple Renal Functional MRI Measurements Over 18 Months.

Background: Identification of patients with progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD) and those likely to respond to candidate therapeutics is urgently needed. Functional MRI measurements have shown promise. However, knowledge about the consistency of the measurements is essential to conduct longitudinal studies.

Evaluation of Renal Blood Flow in Chronic Kidney Disease Using Arterial Spin Labeling Perfusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is known to be associated with reduced renal blood flow. However, data to-date in humans is limited.

Methods: In this study, non-invasive arterial spin labeling (ASL) MRI data was acquired in 33 patients with diabetes and stage-3 CKD, and 30 healthy controls.

Multi-Parametric Evaluation of Chronic Kidney Disease by MRI: A Preliminary Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: The current clinical classification of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is not perfect and may be overestimating both the prevalence and the risk for progressive disease. Novel markers are being sought to identify those at risk of progression. This preliminary study evaluates the feasibility of magnetic resonance imaging based markers to identify early changes in CKD.

Development of a rat model of D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide induced hepatorenal syndrome.

Aim: To develop a practical and reproducible rat model of hepatorenal syndrome for further study of the pathophysiology of human hepatorenal syndrome.

Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were intravenously injected with D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) via the tail vein to induce fulminant hepatic failure to develop a model of hepatorenal syndrome. Liver and kidney function tests and plasma cytokine levels were measured after D-galactosamine/LPS administration, and hepatic and renal pathology was studied.

Renal Blood Oxygenation Level-Dependent Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Sensitive and Objective Analysis.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine a robust (sensitive and objective) method for analyzing renal blood oxygenation level-dependent magnetic resonance imaging data.

Materials And Methods: Forty-seven subjects (30 with chronic kidney disease [CKD] and 17 controls) were imaged at baseline and after furosemide with a multiecho gradient recalled echo sequence. Conventional analysis consisted of regional segmentation (small cortex, large cortex, and medulla), followed by computing the mean of each region.

Effect of iodinated contrast medium in diabetic rat kidneys as evaluated by blood-oxygenation-level-dependent magnetic resonance imaging and urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess whether streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats develop iodinated contrast-induced acute kidney injury. The intrarenal R2* (=1/T2*) was evaluated continuously before, during, and after contrast administration. Renal injury was confirmed using urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin measurements.

Efficacy of preventive interventions for iodinated contrast-induced acute kidney injury evaluated by intrarenal oxygenation as an early marker.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of potential renoprotective interventions such as the administration of N-acetylcysteine (NAC; antioxidant) and furosemide (diuretic) on intrarenal oxygenation as evaluated by blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in combination with urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) measurements.

Materials And Methods: Rats received nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NAME (10 mg/kg) and cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin (10 mg/kg) to induce the risk for developing iodinated contrast-induced acute kidney injury before receiving one of the interventions: NAC, furosemide, or placebo. One of the 3 iodinated contrast agents (iohexol, ioxaglate, or iodixanol) was then administered (1600-mg organic iodine per kilogram body weight).

Evaluation of intrarenal oxygenation in iodinated contrast-induced acute kidney injury-susceptible rats by blood oxygen level-dependent magnetic resonance imaging.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to evaluate differences in intrarenal oxygenation as assessed by blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance imaging in contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CIAKI)-susceptible rats when using 4 contrast media with different physicochemical properties and to demonstrate the feasibility of acquiring urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) levels as a marker of CIAKI in this model.

Materials And Methods: Our institutional animal care and use committee approved the study. Sixty-six Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into CIAKI-susceptible groups (received nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester [10 mg/kg] and cycloxygenase inhibitor indomethacin [10mg/kg]) and control groups (received saline instead).

[Clinical analysis of 41 children's urinary calculus and acute renal failure].

Objective: To analyze the treatment of acute renal failure caused by irrational drug use.

Method: Data of 41 cases of acute renal failure seen from July 2008 to June 2012 in our hospital were reviewed. Bilateral renal parenchymas diffuse echo was found enhanced by ultrasound in all cases.

The XRCC1 Arg280His gene polymorphism and hepatocellular carcinoma risk: a meta-analysis.

Many studies have suggested that the XRCC1 Arg280His gene polymorphism might be involved in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the results have been inconsistent. In this study, the authors performed a meta-analysis to assess the association between XRCC1 Arg280His and HCC susceptibility.

Intrarenal oxygenation by blood oxygenation level-dependent MRI in contrast nephropathy model: effect of the viscosity and dose.

Purpose: To compare the effects of osmolality versus viscosity of radio-contrast media on intra-renal oxygenation as determined by blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) MRI in a model of contrast induced nephropathy (CIN).

Materials And Methods: Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups. Nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NAME (10 mg/kg), cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin (10 mg/kg), or saline, and radio-contrast iodixanol (high viscosity, 784 or 1600 mg I/kg) or iothalamate (high osmolality, 1600 mg I/kg) were administered.