Longitudinal Clustering of Psychopathology Across Childhood and Adolescence: An Approach Toward Developmentally Based Classification.

Current classification systems of psychopathology focus on cross-sectional symptomatology rather than continuity, discontinuity and comorbidity across development. Here, a community sample of 600 youth was assessed every 3 years from early childhood through late adolescence using semi-structured diagnostic interviews. We used longitudinal -means clustering of joint-diagnostic trajectories to identify 6 distinct clusters (healthy, childhood anxiety, childhood/adolescent ADHD, adolescent depression/anxiety, adolescent depression/substance use, and early childhood disruptive behavior).

When age tips the balance: A dual mechanism affecting hemispheric specialization for language.

Aging is accompanied by changes in brain architecture that alter the lateralization of functional networks. In this study, we examined how hemispheric specialization changes across the adult lifespan by analyzing resting-state fMRI and structural MRI data from 728 typical adults aged 18 to 88 years. Using the Language-and-Memory Network atlas, we quantified regional asymmetries in functional connectivity along the cortex's principal gradient, and normalized regional volumes across 37 bilateral regions.

Brain network dynamics reflect psychiatric illness status and transdiagnostic symptom profiles across health and disease.

The network organization of the human brain dynamically reconfigures in response to changing environmental demands, an adaptive process that may be disrupted in a symptom-relevant manner across psychiatric illnesses. Here, in a transdiagnostic sample of participants with (n=134) and without (n=85) psychiatric diagnoses, functional connectomes from intrinsic (resting-state) and task-evoked fMRI were decomposed to identify constraints on brain network dynamics across six cognitive states. Hierarchical clustering of 110 clinical, behavioral, and cognitive measures identified participant-specific symptom profiles, revealing four core dimensions of functioning: internalizing, externalizing, cognitive, and social/reward.

The Transdiagnostic Connectome Project: an open dataset for studying brain-behavior relationships in psychiatry.

An important aim in psychiatry is to establish valid and reliable associations linking profiles of brain functioning to clinically relevant symptoms and behaviors across patient populations. To advance progress in this area, we introduce an open dataset containing behavioral and neuroimaging data from 241 individuals aged 18 to 70, comprising 148 individuals meeting diagnostic criteria for a broad range of psychiatric illnesses and a healthy comparison group of 93 individuals. These data include high-resolution anatomical scans, multiple resting-state, and task-based functional MRI runs.

Shared and unique lifetime stressor characteristics and network connectivity predict adolescent anxiety and depression.

Background: Exposure to major life stressors and aberrant functional connectivity have been linked to anxiety and depression, especially during adolescence. However, whether specific characteristics of life stressors and functional network connectivity act together to differentially predict anxiety and depression symptoms remains unclear.

Methods: We utilized baseline lifetime stressor exposure and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data in a longitudinal sample of 107 adolescents enriched for anxiety and depressive disorders.

Ventral attention network connectivity is linked to cortical maturation and cognitive ability in childhood.

The human brain experiences functional changes through childhood and adolescence, shifting from an organizational framework anchored within sensorimotor and visual regions into one that is balanced through interactions with later-maturing aspects of association cortex. Here, we link this profile of functional reorganization to the development of ventral attention network connectivity across independent datasets. We demonstrate that maturational changes in cortical organization link preferentially to within-network connectivity and heightened degree centrality in the ventral attention network, whereas connectivity within network-linked vertices predicts cognitive ability.

Atlas for the Lateralized Visuospatial Attention Networks (ALANs): Insights from fMRI and network analyses.

Hemispheric specialization is central to human evolution and fundamental to human cognitive abilities. While being a defining feature of functional brain architecture, hemispheric specialization is overlooked to derive brain parcellations. Alongside language, which is typically lateralized in the left hemisphere, visuospatial attention is set to be its counterpart in the opposite hemisphere.

When Age Tips the Balance: a Dual Mechanism Affecting Hemispheric Specialization for Language.

Aging engenders neuroadaptations, generally reducing specificity and selectivity in functional brain responses. Our investigation delves into the functional specialization of brain hemispheres within language-related networks across adulthood. In a cohort of 728 healthy adults spanning ages 18 to 88, we modeled the trajectories of inter-hemispheric asymmetry concerning the principal functional gradient across 37 homotopic regions of interest (hROIs) of an extensive language network, known as the Language-and-Memory Network.

A shared spatial topography links the functional connectome correlates of cocaine use disorder and dopamine D receptor densities.

Background: The biological mechanisms that contribute to cocaine and other substance use disorders involve an array of cortical and subcortical systems. Prior work on the development and maintenance of substance use has largely focused on cortico-striatal circuits, with relatively less attention on alterations within and across large-scale functional brain networks, and associated aspects of the dopamine system. The brain-wide pattern of temporal co-activation between distinct brain regions, referred to as the functional connectome, underpins individual differences in behavior.

Language network lateralization is reflected throughout the macroscale functional organization of cortex.

Hemispheric specialization is a fundamental feature of human brain organization. However, it is not yet clear to what extent the lateralization of specific cognitive processes may be evident throughout the broad functional architecture of cortex. While the majority of people exhibit left-hemispheric language dominance, a substantial minority of the population shows reverse lateralization.

Stroke disconnectome decodes reading networks.

Cognitive functional neuroimaging has been around for over 30 years and has shed light on the brain areas relevant for reading. However, new methodological developments enable mapping the interaction between functional imaging and the underlying white matter networks. In this study, we used such a novel method, called the disconnectome, to decode the reading circuitry in the brain.

Atlas55+: Brain Functional Atlas of Resting-State Networks for Late Adulthood.

Currently, several human brain functional atlases are used to define the spatial constituents of the resting-state networks (RSNs). However, the only brain atlases available are derived from samples of young adults. As brain networks are continuously reconfigured throughout life, the lack of brain atlases derived from older populations may influence RSN results in late adulthood.

Typical and atypical language brain organization based on intrinsic connectivity and multitask functional asymmetries.

Based on the joint investigation in 287 healthy volunteers (150 left-Handers (LH)) of language task-induced asymmetries and intrinsic connectivity strength of the sentence-processing supramodal network, we show that individuals with atypical rightward language lateralization (N = 30, 25 LH) do not rely on an organization that simply mirrors that of typical leftward lateralized individuals. Actually, the resting-state organization in the atypicals showed that their sentence processing was underpinned by left and right networks both wired for language processing and highly interacting by strong interhemispheric intrinsic connectivity and larger corpus callosum volume. Such a loose hemispheric specialization for language permits the hosting of language in either the left and/or right hemisphere as assessed by a very high incidence of dissociations across various language task-induced asymmetries in this group.