IFNGR1, IRF8 genetic polymorphisms modulate the susceptibility of non-tuberculous mycobacteria pulmonary disease and influence the patients' treatment outcomes and immune status.

Objective: To investigate the association of genetic polymorphisms in MB21D1 (Mab-21 domain-containing 1), TMEM173 (Transmembrane Protein 173), IFNB1 (Interferon beta 1), IFNGR1 (Interferon gamma receptor 1), IFNGR2 (Interferon gamma receptor 2), IRF3 (Interferon Regulatory Factor 3), and IRF8 (Interferon Regulatory Factor 8) with susceptibility to non-tuberculous mycobacteria pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) as well as their correlation with the treatment outcomes and immune status of patients.

Methods: Forty-four tagSNPs from the candidate genes were genotyped in a 2-phase cohort study including an initial discovery phase involving 707 NTM-PD patients and 726 healthy controls and a replication phase involving 357 NTM-PD patients and 400 controls. The frequencies and distributions of genotypes were compared between the case and control groups.

Nanopore-targeted sequencing: A new and effective technique for the diagnosis of non-tuberculous mycobacteria pulmonary disease.

Non-tuberculous mycobacteria pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) has become a significant public health issue threatening human health in recent years. Traditional mycobacterial culture is complex, time-consuming, and unable to identify NTM at the species level. Nanopore-targeted sequencing (NTS) is a novel molecular detection technology that integrates the high sensitivity of targeted multiplex PCR with the high specificity of third-generation long-read sequencing.

Design, synthesis and evaluation of vanillin derivatives as dual-target inhibitors for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

The purpose of this study is to develop more effective therapeutic agents to slow or prevent Alzheimer's progression. A lead compound ZINC4372573 was identified by using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation techniques. A series of novel vanillin derivatives were designed and synthesized as dual inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE).

Multifunctional au-DTNB-ag nanoparticles immunoprobes based on color-Raman properties for lateral flow immunoassay detection of Glycinin.

Glycinin is a common food allergen, which may cause allergic shock in severe cases, thus posing a threat to public health. Therefore, rapid and accurate detection of glycinin is crucial. In this study, we synthesized AuAg core-shell nanoparticles loaded with the Raman reporter molecule 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB), which provides both colorimetric and Raman signal capabilities.

Discovery and synthesis of novel phenoxyacetate ester Schiff base α-glucosidase inhibitors.

A phenoxyacetate ester Schiff base lead compound 4a (ZINC20073984) was firstly discovered through molecular docking screening and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, which could be used as an α-glucosidase (PDB: 3A4A) inhibitor. Then a series of α-glucosidase inhibitors 4b-4r with novel structures were designed and synthesized with the lead ZINC20073984 as a template. The results of in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory activity show that the synthesized phenoxyacetate ester Schiff base compounds 4e, 4o-4r (IC values range from 5.

Design, synthesis and inhibition evaluation of novel chalcone amide α-glucosidase inhibitors.

The purpose of this study is to design and synthesize a series of novel chalcone amide α-glucosidase (AG) inhibitors () based on virtual screening and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Target compounds () were synthesized from 2-hydroxyacetophenone and methyl 4-formylbenzoate. activity test shows that most compounds have good AG inhibition.

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of sulfamethazine derivatives as potent neuraminidase inhibitors.

The purpose of this study is to design and synthesize a new series of sulfamethazine derivatives as potent neuraminidase inhibitors. A sulfamethazine lead compound, , was first identified by structure-based virtual screening technique, then some novel inhibitors based on were designed and synthesized. Compound exerts the most good potency in inhibiting the wild-type H5N1 NA (IC = 6.

Discovery andsynthesis of novel benzoylhydrazone neuraminidase inhibitors.

Neuraminidase (NA) serves as a promising target for the exploration and development of anti-influenza drugs. In this work, lead compound 5 was discovered through pharmacophore-based virtual screening and molecular dynamics simulation, and 14 new compounds were obtained by modifying the lead compound 5 based on pharmacophore features. The biological activity test shows that 5n (IC = 0.

Discovery of novel polyheterocyclic neuraminidase inhibitors with 1,3,4-oxadiazole thioetheramide as core backbone.

Inspired by our earlier findings regarding neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors interacting with 150-cavity or 430-cavity of NA, sixteen novel polyheterocyclic NA inhibitors with 1,3,4-oxadiazole thioetheramide as core backbone were designed and synthesized based on the lead compound ZINC13401480. Of the synthesized compounds, compound N5 targeting 150-cavity exerts the best inhibitory activity against the wild-type H5N1 NA, with IC value of 0.14 μM, which is superior to oseltamivir carboxylate (OSC) (IC = 0.

Effectiveness and safety of regimens containing linezolid for treatment of Mycobacterium abscessus pulmonary Disease.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of linezolid-containing regimens for treatment of M. abscessus pulmonary disease.

Methods: The records of 336 patients with M.

Performance of the MeltPro TB assay as initial test for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis with drug-resistance detection.

Background: The MeltPro TB assay (MeltPro) is a molecular rapid diagnostic test designed for detecting resistance to antituberculosis drugs. However, the performance of MeltPro as an initial diagnostic test for simultaneously detecting the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and drug resistance has not been evaluated. This study aims to assess the performance of MeltPro as initial diagnostic test for simultaneous detection of MTB and drug resistance in clinical samples from patients with presumptive pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB).

EBUS-GS with the GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay for diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection of isolated pulmonary nodules.

Objective: Investigate the use of endobronchial ultrasonography with a guide sheath (EBUS-GS) combined with Gene Xpert MTB/RIF (Xpert) for diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection in isolated pulmonary nodules.

Methods: Patients who had isolated pulmonary nodules and unknown diagnoses at our institution from October 2020 to December 2021 were prospectively examined using EBUS-GS and Xpert. The diagnostic values of using EBUS-GS or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) with acid-fast staining, MGIT 960 culture, pathological examination, and Xpert for isolated pulmonary nodules caused by MTB infection were compared using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.

Prediction and early warning model of mixed exposure to air pollution and meteorological factors on death of respiratory diseases based on machine learning.

In recent years, with the repeated occurrence of extreme weather and the continuous increase of air pollution, the incidence of weather-related diseases has increased yearly. Air pollution and extreme temperature threaten sensitive groups' lives, among which air pollution is most closely related to respiratory diseases. Owing to the skewed attention, timely intervention is necessary to better predict and warn the occurrence of death from respiratory diseases.

A low-frequency multiple-band sound insulator without blocking ventilation along a pipe.

It is challenging to insulate sound transmission in low frequency-bands without blocking the air flow in a pipe. In this work, a small and light membrane-based cubic sound insulator is created to block acoustic waves in multiple low frequency-bands from 200 to 800 Hz in pipes. Due to distinct vibration modes of the membrane-type faces of the insulator and co-action of acoustic waves transmitting along different paths, large sound attenuation is achieved in multiple frequency-bands, and the maximum transmission loss reaches 25 dB.

Diagnostic performance of metagenomic next-generation sequencing in non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease when applied to clinical practice.

Objective: To compare non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTMPD) diagnosis by metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) with Bactec mycobacterial growth indicator tube (MGIT) 960.

Methods: A total of 422 patients with suspected NTMPD in Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital between January 2020 and May 2021 were retrospectively analyzed; 194 were diagnosed with NTMPD. The diagnostic performance of mNGS and MGIT 960 for NTMPD was assessed.

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole derivatives as potent neuraminidase inhibitors.

Neuraminidase (NA) is an important target in the development of anti-influenza virus drugs. Compounds containing 1,3, 4-oxadiazole heterocycles have good biological activity and have been proved to have wide applications in antibacterial and antiviral drugs. In this paper, a series of novel 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole neuraminidase inhibitors (6a-6l) were designed and synthesized and their inhibitory activities of NA was tested in vitro.

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 1,3,4-triazole-3-acetamide derivatives as potent neuraminidase inhibitors.

Neuraminidase (NA) is an ideal target for the development of anti-influenza drugs. In this paper, ZINC06057848 was screened out as a hit compound by docking-based virtual screening and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The modification and optimization of hit ZINC06057848 resulted in the discovery of a series of novel 1,3,4-triazole-containing NA inhibitors (5a-5j).

Discovery of novel thiophene derivatives as potent neuraminidase inhibitors.

Neuraminidase (NA) is an important target for the treatment of influenza. In this study, a new lead NA inhibitor, 4 (ZINC01121127), was discovered by pharmacophore-based virtual screening and molecular dynamic (MD) simulation. Some novel NA inhibitors containing thiophene ring were synthesized by optimizing the skeleton of the lead compound 4.

Clinical value of endobronchial ultrasound-guided aspiration and local isoniazid injection in the treatment of mediastinal tuberculous lymphadenitis.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the value of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) guided purulence aspiration and local isoniazid injection after lymph node puncture in the treatment of refractory mediastinal tuberculous lymphadenitis (MTLA) as compared to systemic anti-tuberculosis treatment.

Methods: This was a retrospective study. A total of 92 patients with MTLA and suppurative lymphadenitis who were treated in the Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital between January 2015 and December 2018 were included into present study and divided into systemic chemotherapy (CT) group and interventional therapy (IT) group.

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of dihydrofurocoumarin derivatives as potent neuraminidase inhibitors.

Neuraminidase (NA) is a promising target for development of anti-influenza drugs. In this study a dihydrofurocoumarin derivative ZINC05577497 was discovered as a lead NA inhibitor based on docking-based virtual screening technique. The optimization of lead ZINC05577497 led to the discovery of a series of novel NA inhibitors 5a-5j.

Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Acylhydrazone Derivatives as Potent Neuraminidase Inhibitors.

Neuraminidase (NA) is an important target for current research on anti-influenza drugs. The acylhydrazone derivatives containing the -CONHN=CH- framework have been shown to have good NA inhibitory activity. In this paper, a series of novel acylhydrazone NA inhibitors (-) were designed and synthesized, and the inhibitory activities against NA were evaluated .

Clinical Characteristics of Children with Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Hubei, China.

Since December 2019, COVID-19 has occurred unexpectedly and emerged as a health problem worldwide. Despite the rapidly increasing number of cases in subsequent weeks, the clinical characteristics of pediatric cases are rarely described. A cross-sectional multicenter study was carried out in 10 hospitals across Hubei province.

Diagnostic Value of Virtual Bronchoscopic Navigation in the Bronchial Tuberculosis Induced Central Airway Stenosis.

Introduction: Electronic bronchoscopy is invasive and may cause pain. This study aimed to explore the clinical value of virtual bronchoscopic navigation (VBN) in the diagnosis of benign central airway stenosis (CAS) secondary to tracheobronchial tuberculosis (TBT).

Methods: Sixty-eight patients with benign CAS caused by TBT were recruited between July 2015 and December 2017.

Discovery of Novel Neuraminidase Inhibitors by Structure-Based Virtual Screening, Structural Optimization, and Bioassay.

Neuraminidase (NA) is a significant therapeutic target for treating influenza. In this study, a new lead NA inhibitor was discovered by structure-based virtual screening, molecular dynamics simulations, and bioassay validation. Optimization of lead , which holds a novel scaffold of '-benzylidene benzohydrazone, leads to discovery of some novel NA inhibitors -.