Modeling SARS-CoV-2 Infection Dynamics: Insights into Viral Clearance and Immune Synergy.

Understanding the mechanisms of interaction between SARS-CoV-2 infection and the immune system is crucial for developing effective treatment strategies against COVID-19. In this paper, a mathematical model is formulated to investigate the interactions among SARS-CoV-2 infection, cellular immunity, and humoral immunity. Clinical data from eight asymptomatic or mild COVID-19 patients in Munich are used to fit the model, and the dynamics of natural killer (NK) cells, cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), B cells, and antibodies are further explored using the average of the best-fitting parameter values.

Bacillus paralicheniformis-mediated gut microbiota promotes M2 macrophage polarization by inhibiting P38 MAPK signaling to alleviate necrotizing enterocolitis and apoptosis in mice.

Clostridial necrotizing enterocolitis is a severe gastrointestinal disease induced by Clostridium, strongly associated with intestinal dysbiosis. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has proven effective in treating gastrointestinal diseases by remodeling intestinal microbial homeostasis. However, it remains unclear whether FMT from donors with beneficial microbiota can improve the recipient's intestinal function more efficiently.

Optimizing Performance in Supercapacitors through Surface Decoration of Bismuth Nanosheets.

Bismuth (Bi) exhibits a high theoretical capacity, excellent electrical conductivity properties, and remarkable interlayer spacing, making it an ideal electrode material for supercapacitors. However, during the charge and discharge processes, Bi is prone to volume expansion and pulverization, resulting in a decline in the capacitance. Deposition of a nonmetal on its surface is considered an effective way to modulate its morphology and electronic structure.

Nickel-Based Bifunctional Cocatalyst to Enhance CdS Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production.

The design of nanocomposites as a light-capturing system applied in photocatalytic water splitting is an emerging area of research. In our study, a simple in situ photodeposition method was proposed for the synthesis of CdS nanoflowers modified by nickel-based bifunctional, i.e.

HDRsEf1 Promotes Systemic Th1 Responses and Enhances Resistance to Infection.

The gut microbiota is known to regulate the immune system and thereby influence susceptibility to infection. In this study, we observed that the administration of HDRsEf1 (HDRsEf1) led to an improvement in the development of the immune system. This was evidenced by an increase in both the spleen index and the area of spleen white pulp.

Toward Highly Selective Heteroatom Dopants in Hard Carbon with Superior Lithium Storage Performance.

Hard carbons (HCs) have gained much attention for next-generation high energy density lithium-ion battery (LIB) anode candidates. However, voltage hysteresis, low rate capability, and large initial irreversible capacity severely affect their booming application. Herein, a general strategy is reported to fabricate heterogeneous atom (N/S/P/Se)-doped HC anodes with superb rate capability and cyclic stability based on a three-dimensional (3D) framework and a hierarchical porous structure.

Enantioselectivity in the toxicological effects of chiral pesticides: A review.

As a special category of pesticides, chiral pesticides have increased the difficulty in investigating pesticide toxicity. Based on their usage, chiral pesticides can be divided into insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides. Over the past decades, great efforts have been made on elucidating their toxicological effects.

Monitoring Mycoparasitism of against Using GFP.

is an important mycoparasite, with great potential for controlling numerous plant fungal diseases. Understanding the mechanisms and modes of action will assist the development and application of this biocontrol fungus. In this study, the highly efficient 67-1 strain was marked with the green fluorescent protein (GFP), and the transformant possessed the same biological characteristics as the wild-type strain.

Screening and characterisation of proteins interacting with the mitogen-activated protein kinase Crmapk in the fungus Clonostachys chloroleuca.

Clonostachys chloroleuca 67-1 (formerly C. rosea 67-1) is a promising mycoparasite with great potential for controlling various plant fungal diseases. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-encoding gene Crmapk is of great importance to the mycoparasitism and biocontrol activities of C.

Hierarchical Attention Neural Network for Event Types to Improve Event Detection.

Event detection is an important task in the field of natural language processing, which aims to detect trigger words in a sentence and classify them into specific event types. Event detection tasks suffer from data sparsity and event instances imbalance problems in small-scale datasets. For this reason, the correlation information of event types can be used to alleviate the above problems.

The mTORC1/eIF4E/HIF-1α Pathway Mediates Glycolysis to Support Brain Hypoxia Resistance in the Gansu Zokor, .

The Gansu zokor () is a subterranean rodent species that is unique to China. These creatures inhabit underground burrows with a hypoxia environment. Metabolic energy patterns in subterranean rodents have become a recent focus of research; however, little is known about brain energy metabolism under conditions of hypoxia in this species.

MnB nanosheet and nanotube: stability, electronic structures, novel functionalization and application for Li-ion batteries.

In this paper, two kinds of two-dimensional manganese boride monolayers, h-MnB2 and t-MnB2, are predicted to be stable metallic nanosheets, which exhibit favorable mechanical and thermal properties. The Young's moduli of h-MnB2 and t-MnB2 are 77.73 N m-1 and 59.

VC and VMnC nanosheets with robust mechanical and thermal properties as promising materials for Li-ion batteries.

In this paper, vanadium carbides VC and bi-transition-metal carbides VMnC are predicted to be stable metallic nanosheets showing promising mechanical properties and their Young's moduli are 70.8 N m and 83.7 N m, respectively.

Two-dimensional stable transition metal carbides (MnC and NbC) with prediction and novel functionalizations.

In this paper, manganese carbide (MnC) and niobium carbide (NbC) are predicted as stable monolayer metallic materials, whose Young's moduli are 50.06 N m-1 and 44.07 N m-1, respectively.

Revealing the role of oxygen vacancies on the phase transition of VO film from the optical-constant measurements.

Vanadium dioxide (VO) material shows a distinct metal-insulator transition (MIT) at the critical temperature of ∼340 K. Similar to other correlated oxides, the MIT properties of VO is always sensitive to those crystal defects such as oxygen vacancies. In this study, we investigated the oxygen vacancies related phase transition behavior of VO crystal film and systematically examined the effect of oxygen vacancies from the optical constant measurements.

GaSTe monolayer as an efficient water splitting photocatalyst.

Herein, two-dimensional materials for photocatalytic water splitting are drawing more attention due to the larger surface areas for photocatalytic reactions and shorter migration distances for photogenerated carriers. In this present study, we systematically investigated the fundamental electronic properties of GaSTe monolayers (x = 0, 0.125, 0.

Infrared Response and Optoelectronic Memory Device Fabrication Based on Epitaxial VO Film.

In this work, high-quality VO epitaxial films were prepared on high-conductivity n-GaN (0001) crystal substrates via an oxide molecular beam epitaxy method. By fabricating a two-terminal VO/GaN film device, we observed that the infrared transmittance and resistance of VO films could be dynamically controlled by an external bias voltage. Based on the hysteretic switching effect of VO in infrared range, an optoelectronic memory device was achieved.

Decoupling the Lattice Distortion and Charge Doping Effects on the Phase Transition Behavior of VO2 by Titanium (Ti(4+)) Doping.

The mechanism for regulating the critical temperature (TC) of metal-insulator transition (MIT) in ions-doped VO2 systems is still a matter of debate, in particular, the unclear roles of lattice distortion and charge doping effects. To rule out the charge doping effect on the regulation of TC, we investigated Ti(4+)-doped VO2 (Ti(x)V(1-x)O2) system. It was observed that the TC of Ti(x)V(1-x)O2 samples first slightly decreased and then increased with increasing Ti concentration.

Depressed transition temperature of W(x)V(1-x)O2: mechanistic insights from the X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy.

The mechanism for the decreasing critical temperature (T(C)) of the metal-insulator transition (MIT) in vanadium dioxide (VO2) by tungsten (W) doping is a matter of debate. Here, to clarify the correlation between W doping and T(C), the electronic and geometrical structures around W and V atoms in W(x)V(1-x)O2 samples are systematically investigated by X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy. The evidence of electron doping of W(6+) ions in VO2 is obtained from the reduction of V(4+) to V(3+) ions.

Metal-insulator transition in V(1-x)W(x)O2: structural and electronic origin.

The driving mechanism of the metal-insulator transition (MIT) in VO(2) has always attracted attention, in particular with regards to understanding if and how the doping mechanism may tune the MIT transition temperature. However, due to the lack of detailed local structural information, in this oxide the underlying MIT mechanism is still matter of debate. In this contribution on the V(1-x)W(x)O(2) system, we attempt to clarify the origin of the MIT induced by tungsten doping.