Association of Race and Ethnicity With Initial Prescription of Antiretroviral Therapy Among People With HIV in the US.

Importance: Integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI)-containing antiretroviral therapy (ART) is currently the guideline-recommended first-line treatment for HIV. Delayed prescription of INSTI-containing ART may amplify differences and inequities in health outcomes.

Objectives: To estimate racial and ethnic differences in the prescription of INSTI-containing ART among adults newly entering HIV care in the US and to examine variation in these differences over time in relation to changes in treatment guidelines.

Age-, Sex-, and Race-Based Normal Values for Left Ventricular Circumferential Strain from the World Alliance Societies of Echocardiography Study.

Background: Left ventricular (LV) circumferential strain has received less attention than longitudinal deformation, which has recently become part of routine clinical practice. Among other reasons, this is because of the lack of established normal values. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to establish normative values for LV circumferential strain and determine sex-, age-, and race-related differences in a large cohort of healthy adults.

Multiple Intracardiac Masses Involving 3 Chambers of the Heart.

• A 42-year-old man presented with multiple cardiac masses. • Metastatic disease is far more prevalent than primary cardiac tumors. • Multimodality imaging aids in the diagnostic and management strategy.

Normal Values of Left Ventricular Mass by Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Echocardiography: Results from the World Alliance Societies of Echocardiography Normal Values Study.

Background: Although increased left ventricular (LV) mass is associated with adverse outcomes, measured values vary widely depending on the specific technique used. Moreover, the impact of sex, age, and race on LV mass remains controversial, further limiting the clinical use of this parameter. Accordingly, the authors studied LV mass using a variety of two-dimensional and three-dimensional echocardiographic techniques in a large population of normal subjects encompassing a wide range of ages.

Viral Breakthrough Episodes Among Persons with HIV in Care in Alberta, Canada: Clinical and Public Health Implications.

Unsuppressed HIV viremia damages immunity and increases the risk for secondary HIV transmission. Successful engagement of persons with HIV (PWH) into care resulting in viral suppression is vital. PWH already engaged in care, who, after achieving viral suppression, experience viral breakthrough episodes (VBEs) with a sequence of suppressed/unsuppressed/suppressed viral loads remain problematic.

The changing prevalence of anemia and risk factors in people with HIV in North America who have initiated ART, 2007-2017.

Objective: To characterize the prevalence of anemia and risk factors between 2007 and 2017 for moderate/severe anemia among people with HIV (PWH) in North America who have initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART).

Design: Observational study of participants in the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design (NA-ACCORD).

Methods: We estimated the annual prevalence between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2017 of mild (11.

The prevalence of mental health disorders in people with HIV and the effects on the HIV care continuum.

Objective: To describe the prevalence of diagnosed depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia in people with HIV (PWH) and the differences in HIV care continuum outcomes in those with and without mental health disorders (MHDs).

Design: Observational study of participants in the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design.

Methods: PWH (≥18 years) contributed data on prevalent schizophrenia, anxiety, depressive, and bipolar disorders from 2008 to 2018 based on International Classification of Diseases code mapping.

Clinical value of extended lymphadenectomy in radical surgery for pancreatic head carcinoma at different T stages.

Background: As the lymph-node metastasis rate and sites vary among pancreatic head carcinomas (PHCs) of different T stages, selective extended lymphadenectomy (ELD) performance may improve the prognosis of patients with PHC.

Aim: To investigate the effect of ELD on the long-term prognosis of patients with PHC of different T stages.

Methods: We analyzed data from 216 patients with PHC who underwent surgery at our hospital between January 2011 and December 2021.

Polypropylene Pipe Compounds with Varying Post-Consumer Packaging Recyclate Content.

The high recycling targets set by the European Commission will create an increased availability of polypropylene (PP) post-consumer recyclates (PCRs). However, no regulations mandate the use of recycled PP (rPP), so the industry is challenged to explore possibilities to utilize such materials. One option, as suggested by the European Commission, is the introduction of rPP in pipe applications.

Different phenotypes of drug-induced anaphylaxis-Data from the European Anaphylaxis Registry.

Background: Drugs are a frequent cause of severe anaphylactic reactions. Here, we analyze a large dataset on drug induced anaphylaxis regarding elicitors, risk factors, symptoms, and treatment.

Methods: Data from the European Anaphylaxis Registry (2007-2019) with 1815 reported cases of drug-induced anaphylaxis were studied accordingly.

Macrophages inhibit Coxiella burnetii by the ACOD1-itaconate pathway for containment of Q fever.

Infection with the intracellular bacterium Coxiella (C.) burnetii can cause chronic Q fever with severe complications and limited treatment options. Here, we identify the enzyme cis-aconitate decarboxylase 1 (ACOD1 or IRG1) and its product itaconate as protective host immune pathway in Q fever.

Clinical Utility of Transillumination on Transthoracic Imaging.

• TI is a 3D rendering tool that applies a movable virtual light. • TI may improve anatomic definition and diagnostic yield of transthoracic imaging. • TI is particularly useful for optimal valve anatomy visualization.

Metabolites of dietary atractyligenin glucoside in coffee drinkers' urine.

Arabica roast coffee contains a substantial amount of water soluble atractyligenin-2-O-β-d-glucoside, which is ingested by consumption of coffee brew. Metabolomics data suggest this coffee compound is excreted as glucuronides, but the structures of conjugates have not been elucidated so far. We collected coffee drinkers' urine and isolated four metabolites by MS-guided liquid chromatographic fractionation.

Intestinal microbiota and melatonin in the treatment of secondary injury and complications after spinal cord injury.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a central nervous system (CNS) disease that can cause sensory and motor impairment below the level of injury. Currently, the treatment scheme for SCI mainly focuses on secondary injury and complications. Recent studies have shown that SCI leads to an imbalance of intestinal microbiota and the imbalance is also associated with complications after SCI, possibly through the microbial-brain-gut axis.

Metabolites of Key Flavor Compound 2,3,5-Trimethylpyrazine in Human Urine.

Pyrazines are among the most important compound class conveying the odor impressions "roasty", "nutty", and "earthy". They are formed by the Maillard reaction and occur ubiquitously in heated foods. The excretion of metabolites of the key flavor odorant 2,3,5-trimethylpyrazine, abundant in the volatile fraction of roasted coffee, was investigated.

A dietary change to a high-fat diet initiates a rapid adaptation of the intestine.

Long-term impacts of diet have been well studied; however, the immediate response of the intestinal epithelium to a change in nutrients remains poorly understood. We use physiological metrics and single-cell transcriptomics to interrogate the intestinal epithelial cell response to a high-fat diet (HFD). Within 1 day of HFD exposure, mice exhibit altered whole-body physiology and increased intestinal epithelial proliferation.

Normative values of the aortic valve area and Doppler measurements using two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography: results from the Multicentre World Alliance of Societies of Echocardiography Study.

Aims: Aortic valve area (AVA) used for echocardiographic assessment of aortic stenosis (AS) has been traditionally interpreted independently of sex, age and race. As differences in normal values might impact clinical decision-making, we aimed to establish sex-, age- and race-specific normative values for AVA and Doppler parameters using data from the World Alliance Societies of Echocardiography (WASE) Study.

Methods And Results: Two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiographic studies were obtained from 1903 healthy adult subjects (48% women).

Expression and mechanisms of interferon-stimulated genes in viral infection of the central nervous system (CNS) and neurological diseases.

Interferons (IFNs) bind to cell surface receptors and activate the expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) through intracellular signaling cascades. ISGs and their expression products have various biological functions, such as antiviral and immunomodulatory effects, and are essential effector molecules for IFN function. ISGs limit the invasion and replication of the virus in a cell-specific and region-specific manner in the central nervous system (CNS).

Search for New Physics in Electronic Recoil Data from XENONnT.

We report on a blinded analysis of low-energy electronic recoil data from the first science run of the XENONnT dark matter experiment. Novel subsystems and the increased 5.9 ton liquid xenon target reduced the background in the (1, 30) keV search region to (15.

Analysis of Severe Illness After Postvaccination COVID-19 Breakthrough Among Adults With and Without HIV in the US.

Importance: Understanding the severity of postvaccination SARS-CoV-2 (ie, COVID-19) breakthrough illness among people with HIV (PWH) can inform vaccine guidelines and risk-reduction recommendations.

Objective: To estimate the rate and risk of severe breakthrough illness among vaccinated PWH and people without HIV (PWoH) who experience a breakthrough infection.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In this cohort study, the Corona-Infectious-Virus Epidemiology Team (CIVET-II) collaboration included adults (aged ≥18 years) with HIV who were receiving care and were fully vaccinated by June 30, 2021, along with PWoH matched according to date fully vaccinated, age group, race, ethnicity, and sex from 4 US integrated health systems and academic centers.

Room-temperature polariton lasing in GaN microrods with large Rabi splitting.

Room-temperature polariton lasing is achieved in GaN microrods grown by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy. We demonstrate a large Rabi splitting (Ω = 2g) up to 162 meV, exceeding the results from both the state-of-the-art nitride-based planar microcavities and previously reported GaN microrods. An ultra-low threshold of 1.