Local signal detection on irregular domains with generalized varying coefficient models.

In spatial analysis, it is essential to understand and quantify spatial or temporal heterogeneity. This paper focuses on the generalized spatially varying coefficient model (GSVCM), a powerful framework to accommodate spatial heterogeneity by allowing regression coefficients to vary in a given spatial domain. We propose a penalized bivariate spline method for detecting local signals in GSVCM.

Ionization-driven collapse of xenon and argon foams in superfluid helium droplets.

The electron diffraction studies of neutral and ionic rare gas clusters formed within superfluid helium droplets reveal several notable findings. Under various doping conditions and droplet sizes ranging from 104 to 106 helium atoms, both neutral argon and xenon clusters can exhibit foam-like structures, in which helium atoms reside between rare gas atoms and inhibit the formation of a fully bound structure. Under comparable doping conditions and droplet sizes, argon clusters exhibit even fewer bound structures, best described by more dispersed distributions compared to xenon clusters.

Mutations mark cell lineages and sectors in flowers of a woody angiosperm.

While radial sectors of flowers are likely to accumulate nested mutations, the distribution of natural somatic mutations across floral organs in dicot plants has not been studied previously. Here, we use next generation sequencing of 78 independent genome samples through sepals, petals, stamens, and carpel of two flowers to ask 1) whether radial sectors accumulate nested mutations, 2) whether carpels share de novo mutations with the radial parts, and 3) whether mutations can be used to estimate founder cell numbers in the floral anlagen. Mutations described seven sectors, each including a single petal and adjacent sepals, consistent with radial cell proliferation in the floral cup that predates the split of the sepal and petal cell populations.

Comprehensive evaluation of Xuezhikang by four-dimensional fingerprint combined with antioxidant.

It is reported that XZK has the ability to modulate blood lipid levels, thereby decreasing the likelihood of cardiovascular incidents and overall mortality among patients suffering from hypertension and dyslipidemia. To ensure the overall quality of XZK, strict quality control measures are essential. In this study, the quality consistency of XZK capsules was investigated using a five-wavelength fusion fingerprint (FWFFT) method, complemented by all-ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) analysis.

Therapeutic drug monitoring of busulfan and cyclophosphamide in hematologic malignancies: An LC-MS/MS development, validation and application.

Background: Busulfan and cyclophosphamide (Bu-Cy) is a widely used conditioning regimen for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in the treatment of hematologic malignancies. To explore the exposure-efficiency relationships of Bu-Cy regimen and evaluate the necessity of relative therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), we developed a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method to simultaneously quantify the busulfan and cyclophosphamide in human plasma.

Methods: A simple LC-MS/MS bioassay for simultaneous determination of busulfan and cyclophosphamide using isotope dilution internal standardization has been established.

Synergistic self-calibration strategy based on nano-cornucopia MOFs for accurate HER-2 detection in precision breast cancer diagnosis.

With its high porosity and tunable properties, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) serve as nano-cornucopias, unlocking limitless possibilities in biosensing applications. Herein, we designed an ultrasensitive biosensor leveraging MOFs as a multifunctional nano-platform to implement a synergistic self-calibration strategy for the ultra-accurate quantification of breast cancer-related human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2). This approach integrates (1) ratiometric electrochemistry for built-in correction to minimize non-specific interference and (2) dual-modal electrochemical and colorimetric detection for enhanced accuracy through cross-validation.

Impact of high SAP2 expression on the invasion and adhesion abilities of Candida albicans in vaginal epithelial cells.

Background: The link between SAP2 and Candida albicans' capacity to adhere to and invade host cells is notable, although the precise molecular mechanisms remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine how elevated SAP2 expression influences the invasion and adhesion capabilities of C. albicans in A431 cells using in vitro experiments and transcriptomic sequencing.

RID is required for both repeat-induced point mutation and nucleation of a novel transitional heterochromatic state for euchromatic repeats.

To maintain genome integrity, repeat sequences are subject to heterochromatin inactivation and, in Neurospora, repeat-induced point mutation (RIP). The initiating factors behind both are poorly understood. We resolve the paradoxical observation that newly introduced Repeat-Linker-Repeat (R-L-R) constructs require RID alone for RIP, while genomic repeats are RIPed in the absence of RID, showing that eu- and hetero- chromatic repeats are handled differently, the latter additionally requiring DIM-2.

Architecting polyoxovanadate-based POMOF adsorbent for specific removal of creatinine.

A new polyoxovanadates-based metal-organic framework (POV-MOF) Ag(Tipa)(VO) (Ag-V-MOF) with unique curly layered structure has been designed by virtue of a stellated tridentate N-containing ligand of tri-(4-(1-H-imidazol-1-yl)phenyl)amine (Tipa). After effectually alkali-treated by sodium hydroxide solution in certain concentrations, the modified materials, named EA-Ag-V (x = 1, 2, 3, and 4) were obtained expectedly, among which EA-Ag-V exhibited a gratifying performance in adsorption creatinine, a major uremic toxin generated during hemodialysis treatment in patients with renal failure. The maximum adsorption capacity of creatinine was 140.

A recyclable solvent for recovering silver in Polysilicon photovoltaics panels: BeCl-EG-CuCl solvents system.

A deep eutectic solvent (DES) was prepared using betaine hydrochloride (BeCl) and ethylene glycol (EG), enabling efficient leaching of silver (Ag) through the addition of cupper chloride (CuCl). The reaction process was environmentally friendly, avoiding the strong acids and alkalis typically required in traditional hydrometallurgical recycling. Under the optimized conditions (100°C, 45 min, solid-liquid ratio 1:500, 0.

Rapeseed and Palm Oils Can Improve the Growth, Muscle Texture, Fatty Acids and Volatiles of Marine Teleost Golden Pompano Fed Low Fish Oil Diets.

This study evaluated the effects of different lipid sources-fish oil (FO), soybean oil, rapeseed oil, and palm oil-on the growth and muscle quality of golden pompano () cultured in offshore cages for 10 weeks. Three diets (D1-D3) were formulated: D1 used only fish oil, D2 blended fish, rapeseed oil, and palm oil, and D3 combined fish and soybean oils. Fish in the D1 group showed the highest weight gain, specific growth rate, and muscle protein content, significantly outperforming D3.

A multifunctional biosensor for linked monitoring of inflammation indicators in hypertension drug evaluation and companion diagnostics.

Hypertension, often called the "silent killer", is a prevalent chronic disease closely linked to inflammation. However, most current methods monitor only single indicator, providing a limited view of inflammation in hypertension progression. To address this, we developed a multifunctional biosensor featuring a dual target linked monitoring (DTLM) Probe for the simultaneous detection of IL-6 and CRP, two key inflammatory markers in hypertension progression.

Adjusting for bias due to measurement error in functional quantile regression models with error-prone functional and scalar covariates.

Wearable devices enable the continuous monitoring of physical activity (PA) but generate complex functional data with poorly characterized errors. Most work on functional data views the data as smooth, latent curves obtained at discrete time intervals with some random noise with mean zero and constant variance. Viewing this noise as homoscedastic and independent ignores potential serial correlations.

Construction of Candida albicans pRB895-SAP2-SC5314 With SAP2 High Expression and Its Effects on Adhesion.

Background: SAP2 is closely associated with the pathogenicity and drug resistance of Candida albicans (C. albicans). Our study aimed to construct C.

An oriented self-assembly biosensor with built-in error-checking for precise midkine detection in cancer diagnosis and prognosis evaluation.

Midkine (MDK) is a neurotrophic growth factor highly expressed during embryogenesis, currently recognized as a multifaceted factor in cancer progression and drug resistance. MDK has demonstrated greater accuracy than existing biomarkers. Serum MDK is a valuable indicator for the non-invasive early detection of tumors.

miR-320b, a Future Expected New Biomarker for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Induces Dysglycemia by Targeting PTEN.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has emerged as a global epidemic issue, with high rates of disability and fatality. Traditional diagnostic biomarkers are typically detected once a metabolic imbalance has already occurred, thus the development of early diagnostic biomarkers is crucial for T2DM. Metabolomics studies have identified several predictive biomarkers for T2DM, including miR-320.

Clustering Functional Data With Measurement Errors: A Simulation-Based Approach.

Clustering analysis of functional data, which comprises observations that evolve continuously over time or space, has gained increasing attention across various scientific disciplines. Practical applications often involve functional data that are contaminated with measurement errors arising from imprecise instruments, sampling errors, or other sources. These errors can significantly distort the inherent data structure, resulting in erroneous clustering outcomes.

The prognostic difference study on the individualized clopidogrel administration in Hmong and Dong patients based on the CYP2C19 gene polymorphism after percutaneous coronary intervention.

This study explored the distribution characteristics of CYP2C19 gene polymorphism among Hmong and Dong patients in the Qiandongnan region of Guizhou province after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The aim was to assess the clinical impact of individualized clopidogrel administration based on CYP2C19 genotypes. A total of 208 patients were classified into ultra-fast, fast, intermediate, and slow metabolic groups.

Electron diffraction of foam-like clusters between xenon and helium in superfluid helium droplets.

We report electron diffraction results of xenon clusters formed in superfluid helium droplets, with droplet sizes in the range of 105-106 atoms/droplet and xenon clusters from a few to a few hundred atoms. Under four different experimental conditions, the diffraction profiles can be fitted using four atom pairs of Xe. For the two experiments performed with higher helium contributions, the fittings with one pair of Xe-He and three pairs of Xe-Xe distances are statistically preferred compared with four pairs of Xe-Xe distances, while the other two experiments exhibit the opposite preference.

Preferences regarding COVID-19 vaccination among 12,000 adults in China: A cross-sectional discrete choice experiment.

Understanding public preferences concerning vaccination is critical to inform pandemic response strategies. To investigate Chinese adults' preferences regarding COVID-19 vaccine attributes, we conducted a cross-sectional online survey in 12,000 Chinese adults in June-July, 2021. Participants were requested to answer a series of discrete choice questions related to hypothetical COVID-19 vaccines.

A Bayesian semi-parametric scalar-on-function regression with measurement error using instrumental variables.

Wearable devices such as the ActiGraph are now commonly used in research to monitor or track physical activity. This trend corresponds with the growing need to assess the relationships between physical activity and health outcomes, such as obesity, accurately. Device-based physical activity measures are best treated as functions when assessing their associations with scalar-valued outcomes such as body mass index.

Red fermented rice elution fractions inhibits cancer cell proliferation by regulating the FGFR1/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

This study aims to elucidate the potential targets and molecular mechanisms underlying the anticancer effects of Red fermented rice extract using molecular simulation techniques. The inhibitory effects of different elution fractions of Red fermented rice extract on A549 and MCF-7 cell proliferation were evaluated through CCK-8 assays. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was employed to elucidate the structural information of active components, while molecular simulation techniques aided in identifying target proteins based on small molecule structures.

Complete genome sequence of L3, a bacterium with Mn(II) oxidative property isolated from heavy metal-contaminated soils.

L3, isolated from heavy metal-contaminated soils, possesses the ability of Mn(II) oxidation. To further enhance the understanding of genes involved in Mn(II) oxidation, the complete genome of this strain was sequenced and annotated, which has a total size of 6.39 Mb with a G + C content of 66.

Managing extreme AI risks amid rapid progress.

Preparation requires technical research and development, as well as adaptive, proactive governance.