A review of the effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on clinical and glycemic outcomes in hospitalized patients: data from studies that included patients with diabetes.

Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are a fairly new class of agents for diabetes that have demonstrated significant benefits in glycemic control and cardiovascular outcomes with outpatient use. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the effect of SGLT2i use on glycemic control and clinical outcomes in the hospital setting.An electronic search of PubMed was conducted to analyze publications that assessed the inpatient use of SGLT2i and included patients with diabetes.

Synthesis, Optimization and Characterization of Cyanobacteria-Derived Silver Nanoparticles for Enhancing Rice Seed Germination.

The rapid advancement of nanotechnology has paved the way for innovative strategies in sustainable agriculture, particularly through the development and use of metallic nanoparticles. Among these, silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) have garnered significant attention due to their distinct physicochemical characteristics. The current research illustrates the environmentally friendly production of Ag NPs by aqueous extracts of two cyanobacterial strains Westiellopsis ramosa and Nostoc commune.

Antifungal potential of Cyanobacterium Desertifilum dzianense against collar rot pathogen in Chickpea.

Collar rot, caused by Agroathelia rolfsii, is a devastating soil-borne disease affecting Cicer arietinum L (chickpea) leading to significant agricultural productivity losses. This study investigates the antifungal potential of the cyanobacterium Desertifilum dzianense, isolated from monument stone crusts in Odisha, India, as a natural biocontrol agent against A. rolfsii.

Advancing Telemedicine Using Smart Insulin Pens with Continuous Glucose Monitoring and Telecommunication Systems: A Case Series.

Multiple daily injections (MDIs) have been a mainstay for insulin delivery by persons with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). "Smart" insulin pens (SIPs) offer several advantages over traditional insulin pens, such as a memory function, bolus calculator, and reminders for patients to take their insulin. SIPs can integrate with CGM, allowing for the collection of accurate insulin and glucose data, which can integrate into combined reports.

A Randomized Trial of Automated Insulin Delivery in Type 2 Diabetes.

Background: Automated insulin delivery (AID) systems have been shown to be beneficial for patients with type 1 diabetes, but data are needed from randomized, controlled trials regarding their role in the management of insulin-treated type 2 diabetes.

Methods: In this 13-week, multicenter trial, adults with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to receive AID or to continue their pretrial insulin-delivery method (control group); both groups received continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). The primary outcome was the glycated hemoglobin level at 13 weeks.

Seaweed-Derived Bioactive Compounds: Potent Modulators in Breast Cancer Therapy.

Cancer remains a major global health concern, with breast cancer being particularly challenging. To address this, new therapeutic strategies are being explored, including natural alternatives. Seaweeds, rich in bioactive compounds, have gained attention for their therapeutic potential.

Results From a Randomized Trial of Intensive Glucose Management Using CGM Versus Usual Care in Hospitalized Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: The TIGHT Study.

Objective: To evaluate whether continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) could assist providers in intensifying glycemic management in hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: At six academic hospitals, adults with type 2 diabetes hospitalized in a non-intensive care setting were randomly assigned to either standard therapy with glucose target 140-180 mg/dL (standard group) or intensive therapy with glucose target 90-130 mg/dL guided by CGM (intensive group). The primary outcome was mean glucose measured with CGM (blinded in standard group), and the key secondary outcome was CGM glucose <54 mg/dL.

Optimizing pH and Light for Enhanced Carotenoid Synthesis and Antioxidant Properties in Sub-Aerial Cyanobacteria.

Carotenoid, natural pigments, synthesized by plants and microbes are now much favored in global markets due to the awareness of their putative health benefits, and a wide array of commercial applications. There is a diversity of natural and synthetic carotenoid, but only a few of them are commercially produced, including carotenes (β-carotene and lycopene) and xanthophylls (astaxanthin, canthaxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, and capsanthin). However, for commercial production, plants and algae are more favored than cyanobacteria because of their much less carotenoid synthesis than land plants; although they are well known for producing commercially important carotenoid.

Green Seaweeds as a Potential Source of Biomolecules and Bioactive Peptides: Recent Progress and Applications - A Review.

Over the past few decades, seaweed has been explored as a sustainable source in biotechnological and biomedical industries because of its multiple biopotential actions. However, the composition of biomolecules such as carbohydrates, lipids, fatty acids, free amino acids, ash, minerals, vitamins, and especially protein in green seaweeds varies from species to species based on their growth stage and the environmental conditions. Specifically, seaweed-derived bioactive proteins and peptides have the potential for several health benefits.

Cyanobacterial Silver Nanoparticles and Their Potential Utility-Recent Progress and Prospects: A Review.

The current situation involves an increase in interest in nanotechnology, in particular the ways in which it can be applied in the commercial and medical fields. However, traditional methods of synthesizing nanoparticles have some drawbacks, including the generation of harmful byproducts, high energy consumption, and cost. As a result, researchers have shifted their focus to "green" nanoparticle synthesis to circumvent these drawbacks.

Enhancing Agricultural Sustainability Through Rhizomicrobiome: A Review.

Sustainable agriculture represents the responsible utilization of natural resources while safeguarding the well-being of the natural environment. It encompasses the objectives of preserving the environment, fostering economic growth, and promoting socioeconomic equality. To achieve sustainable development for humanity, it is imperative to prioritize sustainable agriculture.

Association of Continued Use of SGLT2 Inhibitors From the Ambulatory to Inpatient Setting With Hospital Outcomes in Patients With Diabetes: A Nationwide Cohort Study.

Objective: Limited data are available on the continuation of outpatient sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) during hospitalization. The objective was to evaluate associations of SGLT2i continuation in the inpatient setting with hospital outcomes.

Research Design And Methods: This nationwide cohort study used Veterans Affairs health care system data of acute care hospitalizations between 1 April 2013 and 31 August 2021.

A cross-sectional study on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in peri-urban areas in Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Vaccination is a potential public health solution for the prevention of infection. It reduces the severity of symptoms in the case of COVID-19. Despite the availability of vaccines, some people are hesitant to be vaccinated.

Continuous Glucose Monitoring-Guided Insulin Administration in Hospitalized Patients With Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Objective: The efficacy and safety of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in adjusting inpatient insulin therapy have not been evaluated.

Research Design And Methods: This randomized trial included 185 general medicine and surgery patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes treated with a basal-bolus insulin regimen. All subjects underwent point-of-care (POC) capillary glucose testing before meals and bedtime.

Continuous glucose monitoring in the hospital: an update in the era of COVID-19.

Purpose Of Review: Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems are Food and Drug Administration approved devices for the ambulatory setting; however, they remain investigational systems for inpatient use. This review summarizes the most recent and relevant literature on the use of continuous glucose monitoring in the hospital setting.

Recent Findings: CGM provides real-time glucose data that enable healthcare professionals to make proactive and timelier clinical decisions with regards to diabetes management.

Accuracy of Dexcom G6 Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Non-Critically Ill Hospitalized Patients With Diabetes.

Objective: Advances in continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) have transformed ambulatory diabetes management. Until recently, inpatient use of CGM has remained investigational, with limited data on its accuracy in the hospital setting.

Research Design And Methods: To analyze the accuracy of Dexcom G6, we compared retrospective matched-pair CGM and capillary point-of-care (POC) glucose data from three inpatient CGM studies (two interventional and one observational) in general medicine and surgery patients with diabetes treated with insulin.

Reducing Inpatient Hypoglycemia in the General Wards Using Real-time Continuous Glucose Monitoring: The Glucose Telemetry System, a Randomized Clinical Trial.

Objective: Use of real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) systems in the inpatient setting is considered investigational. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether RT-CGM, using the glucose telemetry system (GTS), can prevent hypoglycemia in the general wards.

Research Design And Methods: In a randomized clinical trial, insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes at high risk for hypoglycemia were recruited.

Association of glucose variability at the last day of hospitalization with 30-day readmission in adults with diabetes.

Objective: To evaluate whether increased glucose variability (GV) during the last day of inpatient stay is associated with increased risk of 30-day readmission in patients with diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: A comprehensive list of clinical, pharmacy and utilization files were obtained from the Veterans Affairs (VA) Central Data Warehouse to create a nationwide cohort including 1 042 150 admissions of patients with diabetes over a 14-year study observation period. Point-of-care glucose values during the last 24 hours of hospitalization were extracted to calculate GV (measured as SD and coefficient of variation (CV)).

Advancing the Use of CGM Devices in a Non-ICU Setting.

Improvements in glycemic control using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems have been demonstrated in the outpatient setting. Among hospitalized patients the use of CGM is largely investigational, particularly in the non-ICU setting. Although there is no commercially available closed-loop system, it has recently been evaluated in the non-critical care setting.

The Effect of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Preventing Inpatient Hypoglycemia in General Wards: The Glucose Telemetry System.

Background: Few studies have examined the use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices in the general wards. The aim of this pilot study was to examine whether CGM readings can be successfully transmitted from the bedside to a central monitoring device in the nursing station, and whether a glucose telemetry system can prevent hypoglycemic events.

Methods: We present pilot data on 5 consecutive insulin treated general medicine patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) whose glucose values were observed with CGM (DEXCOM) and the results were transmitted to a central nursing station monitoring system using DEXCOM Follow and Share 2 software.

Implementation and outcomes of a pharmacist-managed clinical video telehealth anticoagulation clinic.

Purpose: The use of clinical video telehealth (CVT) technology to optimize the deployment of clinical pharmacy specialist resources in a community-based outpatient clinic (CBOC) is described.

Summary: In 2012, clinical pharmacy specialists at a Veterans Affairs (VA) medical center began using CVT technology to provide anticoagulation therapy management services to patients at a CBOC about 12 miles away. Using videoconferencing technology (video cameras and high-definition widescreen monitors), the remotely located pharmacists conduct patient interviews, evaluate International Normalized Ratio (INR) values, and gather other clinical data for use in therapeutic planning.

Performance of fruit extract of Melastoma malabathricum L. as sensitizer in DSSCs.

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) with fruit extracts, of Melastoma malabathricum L. as sensitizer, were fabricated. The fruit dye was extracted in two different solvents; de-ionized water (MMD) and ethanol (MME).