Biomarker-Based Surveillance in Heart Transplant Rejection.

Post-transplant rejection surveillance remains a cornerstone of heart transplant care. Although endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) has long been the gold standard for detecting rejection, its invasive nature, interobserver variability in histologic interpretation, and limitations in distinguishing between acute cellular rejection (ACR) and antibody-mediated rejection have prompted interest in noninvasive techniques. Traditional biomarkers- such as troponin, C-reactive protein, brain natriuretic peptide, and donor-specific antibodies- offer supplementary assessments of graft function but lack the specificity and sensitivity required to be standalone markers.

Epidemiology and surveillance of influenza, RSV and SARS-CoV-2 in children admitted with severe acute respiratory infection in West bengal, India from 2022 to 2023.

Background: Evaluating the burden of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza among young children in LMICs is crucial to inform implementation policies, given the importance of maternal influenza and RSV vaccination, which may not yet be widely available.

Methods: This study established a one-year surveillance of severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) from June 2022-2023 in hospitalized children 1-24 months from rural West Bengal India. We tested nasopharyngeal swabs collected from children admitted with SARI using multiplex real-time PCR for influenza, RSV, SARS-CoV-2, with a subset (N = 81) tested for additional respiratory pathogens and analyzed clinical features, factors influencing infections, and hospitalization duration.

Molecular epidemiology of influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, SARS-CoV-2, other respiratory viruses and bacteria among children 0-2-year-olds in West Bengal: a one-year influenza-like illness surveillance study (2022-2023).

Background: Lower respiratory infections are the leading cause of paediatric morbidity and mortality. This study documents the incidence and etiology of influenza-like illness (ILI) among young children in rural eastern India.

Methods: We conducted a surveillance of ILI in children visiting paediatric clinics of two hospitals in District West Midnapore, West Bengal from April 1, 2022 to March 31, 2023.

Corticosteroid use beyond 1-year post heart transplantation is associated with worse outcomes: A contemporary analysis of the ISHLT registry.

Introduction: Immunosuppressive drugs ensure graft survival in heart transplantation (HT). However, prolonged use can lead to significant morbidity and mortality, and the optimal immunosuppressive regimen is unknown. We compared outcomes in adult HT recipients with or without steroid use in the large, international ISHLT Registry.

Surgical Management Protocol of Hawkins Type 3 Comminuted Fracture Neck of Talus Case Series.

Introduction: Talus fractures are troublesome injuries. It is very difficult to achieve good functional and radiological outcome in Hawkins type 3 comminuted fracture neck of talus.

Case Report: In our study, 7 cases of Hawkins type 3 comminuted fracture neck of talus were operated in R.

Impact of Left Ventricular Size on Outcomes Following HeartMate 3 Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation: Analysis of the European Registry for Patients With Mechanical Circulatory Support (EUROMACS).

We investigated the association of preimplant left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) with outcomes after HeartMate 3 (HM3) left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation. Patients from the European Registry for Patients with Mechanical Circulatory Support (EUROMACS) registry who underwent HM3 implantation from August 2014 to February 2023 (n = 834) were analyzed according to preoperative LVEDD: less than or equal to 65 (n = 251), 65-80 (n = 441), and greater than or equal to 80 mm (n = 142). The mean age was 54.

Robotic versus open pancreatoduodenectomy for periampullary neoplasm: a propensity matched analysis of peri-operative and oncologic outcomes.

Introduction: Though open pancreatoduodenectomy (OPD) is the gold standard, robotic pancreatoduodenectomy (RPD) is on the rise due to its technical ease with robotic armamentarium and claim to decrease morbidity in the perioperative period. This study compares the perioperative and oncologic outcomes of RPD performed for periampullary neoplasms (PANs) with OPD.

Method: This is a retrospective study conducted from January 2018 to December 2023 for all the patients who underwent either OPD or RPD for PANs.

The Role of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors in Adults With Transthyretin Cardiac Amyloidosis: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is an infiltrative cardiomyopathy with limited treatment options. Barring mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, most classes of guideline-directed medical therapy including renin-angiotensin-aldosterone inhibitors and beta blockers are avoided in CA due to intolerance and the risk of potentiating orthostatic hypotension. Few studies have explored the safety and utility of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) in CA.

Donor pulmonary hemodynamics does not impact recipient outcomes in adult heart transplantation.

Purpose: The impact of donor pulmonary hemodynamics as assessed by mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) and transpulmonary gradients (TPG) on the clinical outcome of heart transplant (HT) recipients is unknown. We compared outcomes of adult HT recipients as stratified by donor pulmonary hemodynamics in the contemporary era in the United States.

Methods: We reviewed adult donor hearts (age ≥ 18 years) which were offered for transplantation between January 2010 and March 2023 in the UNOS database with available right heart catheterization (RHC) data.

A systematic review of reporting and handling of missing data in observational studies using the UNOS database.

Background: Missing data decreasing study power and introducing bias, thereby undermining a registry's ability to draw valid inferences. We evaluated how missing data are reported and addressed in heart transplantation (HT) studies using the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) database.

Methods: We conducted a systematic literature search of Medline from January 1, 2018 through August 22, 2023 and included studies that used the UNOS database to evaluate adult (≥18 years) de novo HT recipients.

Intracardiac Shunt Reversal and Early Right Ventricular Failure after Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation.

Right ventricular failure (RVF) is a common complication that occurs after a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) is implanted. We report an interesting case of severe and refractory hypoxia during the early postoperative period after HeartMate3 (HM3) (Abbott Laboratories, Lake Forest, IL) implantation resulting in the unmasking of a right-to-left intracardiac shunt through a patent foramen ovale (PFO), triggered by early RVF. Importantly, the patient had a small left-to-right shunt after receiving a left-sided Impella 5.

A Rare Case of Symptomatic Anomalous Origin of the Right Coronary Artery With a High Interarterial Course Between the Pulmonary Artery and the Aorta.

The congenital anomalous origin of the right coronary artery (AORCA) with an incongruous course is a rare malformation that can manifest as exertional chest pain, syncope, arrhythmias, heart failure, and sudden cardiac death. We present a case of a 42-year-old male with a history of hypercholesterolemia who presented with chest pain and dizziness upon exertion for two weeks. The physical examination was unremarkable, and the patient was hemodynamically stable.

Gamma-Tubulin 1 (TUBG1) Mutation-Associated Lissencephaly and Microcephaly in an Indian Child: A Rare Case.

Malformations of cortical development (MCD) are a group of disorders affecting the normal development of the human cortex and are significant causes of delay in psychomotor development and epilepsy in children. Lissencephaly (smooth brain) forms a major group of brain malformations. Microtubules help in the migration of neuronal cells.

An Ambispective Community-Based Survival Study of Common Cancers in Rural Jodhpur, Rajasthan, Western India.

Background Cancer is the leading cause of death globally. Information on cancer patterns and survival is essential for the effective planning and implementation of cancer control interventions. Objective This study aimed to identify various factors associated with the survival estimates of common cancers.

Unraveling HDAC11: Epigenetic orchestra in different diseases and structural insights for inhibitor design.

Histone deacetylase 11 (HDAC11), a member of the HDAC family, has emerged as a critical regulator in numerous physiological as well as pathological processes. Due to its diverse roles, HDAC11 has been a focal point of research in recent times. Different non-selective inhibitors are already approved, and research is going on to find selective HDAC11 inhibitors.

Prevalence and gender difference in depression in primary health care in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Depression contributes to the major burden of mental illness in India. Assessment of burden is essential to develop interventions to address the problem at the primary care level.

Materials And Methods: We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies documenting the prevalence of depression in primary care in India.

Impact of supplementation with iron-folic acid (IFA) and vitamin D compared with IFA alone on haemoglobin levels in elderly people with mild-to-moderate anaemia: protocol for the double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled Iron and vitamin D trial in Elderly Anemia (IDEA).

Introduction: Anaemia in the elderly is often difficult to treat with iron supplementation alone as prevalence of anaemia of chronic disease (ACD) alone or mixed with iron-deficiency anaemia (IDA) is high in this age group. Hepcidin remains high in ACD, preventing utilisation of iron for heme synthesis. Vitamin D has shown hepcidin suppression activity in both in vitro and in vivo studies.

Long-Term Kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing and Anti-Receptor Binding Domain Antibodies among Laboratory-Confirmed COVID-19 Cases in Delhi National Capital Region, India: A Prospective, One-Year Follow-Up Study.

This study was conducted with the objective of measuring the neutralizing and anti-receptor binding domain antibody levels against SARS-CoV-2 among laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases and exploring its long-term kinetics over a period of 1 year. One hundred laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases were recruited. Serum samples of the participants were collected within three months from the date of the positive COVID-19 report.

Usage of older donors is associated with higher mortality after heart transplantation: A UNOS observational study.

Background: Utilization of heart from older donors is variable across centers with uncertain outcomes of recipients. We sought to utilize a national registry to examine the usage and outcomes of heart transplant (HT) recipients from older donors. We also explored the impact of current donor heart allocation scheme on the outcomes of hearts from older donors.