1,3,4-Thiadiazole Derivatives as VEGFR-2 Inhibitors and Its Molecular Insight for Cancer Therapy.

Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) plays a pivotal role in tumor angiogenesis, progression, and metastasis by modulating cell proliferation, migration, and survival via VEGF-mediated signaling. Despite the therapeutic success of current VEGFR-2 inhibitors, their clinical utility is often constrained by acquired resistance, off-target toxicities, and suboptimal selectivity. The 1,3,4-thiadiazole (TDA) scaffold has emerged as a privileged moiety in cancer drug discovery due to its mesoionic character, structural diversity, and molecular pharmacology.

Vitamin D supplementation among postoperative atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aims: To determine whether vitamin D supplementation reduces the incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).

Methods And Results: PubMed and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were systematically searched from inception through May 2023 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effectiveness of Vitamin D in preventing atrial fibrillation among postoperative patients after CABG. The primary outcome extracted was the incidence of atrial fibrillation after Vitamin D in CABG patients.

Detecting and Classifying Mycetoma in Histopathological Images Using DenseNet and U-Net.

Mycetoma, recognised by the WHO as a Neglected Tropical Disease, has significant diagnostic hurdles which lead to severe health consequences. Mycetoma can be caused by certain types of bacteria (actinomycetoma) or fungi (eumycetoma). Identifying whether mycetoma is bacterial or fungal plays a significant role in treatment planning, and an incorrect diagnosis can seriously affect patient prognosis and outcome.

Harnessing CRISPR/Cas-mediated genetic innovations in lepidopteran insects.

CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome editing of eukaryotic organisms gained immense popularity after the monumental publications made in 2012 and 2013 in heterologous editing of Escherichia coli and human kidney cells, respectively. In this regard, CRISPR/Cas has several important applications in agriculture, including gene-function validation and pest management. Recently researchers have contemplated employing this approach in achieving a chemical-free insect pest management strategy called 'genetic pest management'.

Diagnostic Test Accuracy of Cytosponge-Trefoil Factor 3 for Barrett Esophagus: A Systemic Review and Meta Analysis.

Introduction: Barrett's esophagus (BE), characterized by the replacement of normal esophageal squamous epithelium with columnar metaplasia, poses a risk of progression to esophageal adenocarcinoma. Early detection is essential to prevent malignant transformation. The Cytosponge, a novel, minimally invasive cell collection device, has been proposed as a diagnostic tool for BE by identifying trefoil factor 3 (TFF3)-positive cells.

Integrating Quality by Design (QbD) in Phytosomal Drug Delivery: A New Era in Precision Phytotherapy.

Quality by Design (QbD) has emerged as a systematic and proactive approach in pharmaceutical development, ensuring consistent product quality through a thorough understanding of formulation components and critical process parameters. In the context of phytosomal formulations, which increase bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness of phytoconstituents. QbD-driven risk analysis is essential for optimizing formulation parameters and reducing variability.

Reliable estimation via hybrid gradient boosting machine for mud loss volume in drilling operations.

Mud loss during drilling operations poses a significant problem in the oil and gas industry due to its contributions to increased costs and operational risks. This study aims to develop a reliable predictive model for mud loss volume using machine learning techniques to improve drilling efficiency and reduce non-productive time. The dataset consists of 949 field records from Middle Eastern drilling sites, incorporating variables such as borehole diameter, drilling fluid viscosity, mud weight, solid content, and pressure differential.

Histopathological and Immunohistochemistry Analysis of Posterior Atlanto-Occipital Membrane Complex in Patients with Congenital/Developmental Craniovertebral Anomalies.

Background: The craniovertebral junction (CVJ) is associated with congenital anomalies such as atlanto-axial dislocation (AAD) and basilar invagination (BI). The role of bony anatomy in these pathologies is well studied. The posterior atlanto-occipital membrane complex (PAOMc) (equivalent of ligamentum flavum) is often seen to be forming a tight band-like constricting structure in the CVJ anomalies and has been less studied.

Association of Presenting Complaint at Triage with 72-h Mortality and Intensive Care Admission.

Introduction: Triage is a critical process in prioritizing patients based on acuity to ensure timely care. Patients arrive at the emergency department (ED) with complaints, not diagnoses. High-risk patients are identified based on history, vital signs, mechanism of injury in trauma, and clinical findings.

To validate the F-AST score as a CT decision tool in pediatric blunt abdominal trauma: A prospective diagnostic accuracy study.

Introduction: Focused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST) is a valuable tool in managing adult trauma patients but has poor utility in children due to its poor sensitivity. Multiple studies have explored the addition of liver enzymes to improve the diagnostic accuracy of FAST in pediatric blunt abdominal trauma (BAT) patients. A retrospective study at our institute used FAST findings with liver enzymes (F-AST score) to rule out Intra-Abdominal Injury (IAI) in pediatric BAT patients, concluding that normal liver enzymes and a negative FAST scan can effectively rule out IAI.

Confinement Suppresses Mechanical Force-Mediated Cancer Cell Apoptosis.

During the invasion, cancer cells migrate through '3D channel-like tracks' present in the tissues' interstitial extracellular matrix (ECM). Cancer cell migration through these 3D confined channels leads to confinement-induced cell deformation. Emerging reports show that cancer cells are susceptible to mechanical stretch/ultrasound (US)-mediated mechanical forces and undergo calcium-dependent apoptosis (mechanoptosis) under conditions that promote normal cell growth.

Multifocal micronodular pneumocyte hyperplasia and splenic hamartomas in tuberous sclerosis complex: A case report.

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by multisystem hamartomatous growths. Clinical manifestations are diverse, and prognosis varies depending on the affected organs. Diagnosis typically involves genetic testing or clinical diagnostic criteria.

Advancements in Organoid-Based Drug Discovery: Revolutionizing Precision Medicine and Pharmacology.

Organoids, 3D cellular models derived from stem cells, have revolutionized drug testing by providing human-relevant systems for modeling diseases and testing drug efficacy. Unlike traditional 2D cell cultures or animal models, organoids closely resemble the complex architecture and function of human tissues, offering more accurate predictions of drug responses. Researchers are increasingly utilizing these models in oncology, neurology, liver toxicity, and personalized medicine.

Prevalence, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Cardiac Tumors: A Narrative Review.

Cardiac tumors, though rare, present significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to their heterogeneous nature and anatomical complexity. This narrative review synthesizes current evidence on prevalence, diagnostic modalities, and management strategies for primary and metastatic cardiac tumors. Echocardiography, cardiac MRI, and CT remain cornerstone imaging tools for differentiating tumors from non-neoplastic masses, while advances in PET/CT and tissue characterization techniques refine staging and treatment planning.

Geospatial mapping and cluster analysis of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli in drinking water of semi-arid areas.

Ensuring universal access to safe drinking water remains a global challenge, especially in semi-arid regions facing water scarcity, pollution, inadequate infrastructure, and rapid urbanization. The present study aimed to assess drinking water quality by analysing antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) and their spatial distribution, identifying contamination hotspots using integrated physicochemical, microbial, and advanced geospatial assessments on 122 samples collected from surface and groundwater of semi-arid areas with key physicochemical parameters analysed using standard methods.

Uncovering the Mechanisms of Angelica glauca Edgew. In Breast Cancer: A Combined In Vitro and In Silico Approach.

Angelica glauca Edgew. is a medicinal herb native to the Himalayan region, renowned for its significant therapeutic potential and traditional use in treating various ailments. However, it has not been extensively investigated with pertinent scientific validation to establish its pharmacological relevance.

Foam-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Skin Disorders: A Comprehensive Review.

Foam-based drug delivery systems signify a significant innovation in dermatology, facilitating improved drug penetration and administration via a gas-liquid dispersion matrix. These formulations have shown considerable promise in the medical, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical fields. Recent improvements in topical foams have resulted in their extensive utilization in dermatological therapies, with a growing emphasis on categorization techniques grounded in formulation composition and the creation of novel methodologies for assessing essential physicochemical factors.

Erucin-loaded chitosan coated solid lipid hybrid nanoparticles: An efficient drug delivery system for enhancing solubility and sustained release.

This study investigates enhancing the solubility, bioavailability, and sustained release of erucin, a lipophilic compound from Eruca sativa seeds, using chitosan-coated lipid polymer hybrid nanoparticles (ER-LPHNPs). Optimized ER-LPHNPs were evaluated for in vitro and in vivo properties. The developed formulation was characterized using various techniques and studied for its toxicity on RAW 246.

Outcomes of Donation After Circulatory Death Heart Transplantation Using Normothermic Regional Perfusion.

Background: Donation after circulatory death (DCD) with cardiopulmonary bypass for thoracoabdominal normothermic regional perfusion (TA-NRP) has led to increased use of donor hearts. Rejection rates and long-term survival outcomes are not known.

Methods: A single-center retrospective cohort review of patients who underwent DCD heart transplantation from January 2020 to December 2023 was performed.

Recent advancements on 2D nanomaterials as emerging paradigm for the adsorptive removal of microcontaminants.

Water reservoirs are facing increasing prevalence of microcontaminants originating from agricultural runoff, industrial effluents, and domestic wastewater. The persistence of microcontaminants leads to disruptions in aquatic ecosystems and poses potential long-term health risks to humans, even at minimal concentrations. However, traditional wastewater treatment methods are inefficient to eliminate the microcontaminants because of their intricate chemical structures and low concentration.

Nanoscale Ligand Spacing Regulates Mechanical Force-Induced Cancer Cell Killing.

Cancer cells sense and respond to the extracellular environment, with differences in nanoscale ligand spacing affecting their behavior. Emerging reports show that stretch/ultrasound-mediated mechanical forces promote apoptosis (mechanoptosis) by increasing myosin contractility. Since myosin contractility is critical for nanoscale-ligand spacing-regulated cell behavior, we study the effect of ligand spacing on mechanoptosis.

From Structure to Function: Isatin Derivatives as a Promising Class of Antiviral Agents.

A range of heterocyclic compounds, including Isatin (oneH-indole-2, 3-dione) and its by-products, have been shown to represent potential unit blocks in the synthesis of potential medicinal agents. Numerous studies have been carried out on isatin, its synthesis, biological uses, and its chemical composition since when it was discovered. Functionally, these isatin-containing heterocycles have demonstrated antibacterial, antidiabetic, antiviral, antitubercular, and anticancer properties, among many others.

α-tocopherol deficiency in follicular ovarian cyst (FOCs) follicular fluid (FF) elevates oxidative stress and impairs oocyte maturation.

Follicular ovarian cysts (FOCs) are prevalent reproductive disorders in both humans and animals, especially in livestock, where they cause economic losses by reducing fertility and productivity. FOCs are marked by a dominant follicle that fails to ovulate, disrupting the estrous cycle and reproductive efficiency. Previous studies indicate that the follicular fluid (FF) in cystic ovaries shows oxidative imbalance, affecting oocyte quality by altering glutathione peroxidase (GPX1) and selenium pathways.

Recent Advances in Managing Ankylosing Spondylitis with Andersson Lesion: A Clinical Overview and Case Report.

Introduction: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disorder that primarily affects the spine and sacroiliac joints, leading to pain, stiffness, and progressive thoracolumbar kyphotic deformity. A key complication in advanced AS is the development of Andersson lesions (AL), degenerative vertebral lesions resulting from the disease's progression. These lesions can cause significant mechanical pain, often mistaken for the chronic discomfort associated with AS.

Incidence of hypoglycemia in hyperkalemia patients after treatment with insulin and dextrose in the emergency department of a tertiary care hospital in India: a prospective observational study.

Background: Hypoglycemia is a serious, often overlooked complication of treating hyperkalemia with insulin and dextrose. If not recognized and managed, it can increase morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to estimate the incidence of hypoglycemia in hyperkalemic patients treated with 10 units of intravenous insulin, 50 ml of 50% dextrose, 10 ml of 10% calcium gluconate, and salbutamol nebulization.