Evaluation of mechanical properties of TiO-free tablet coatings.

In early 2022, the European Union delisted titanium dioxide (TiO) from the list of approved food additives, creating a need to explore potential alternatives to titanium dioxide. Given the concerns regarding TiO and the possibility of similar restrictions to their use in tablet coatings, there is a need to evaluate alternatives to TiO opacifiers in tablet coatings. Specifically, the alternative opacifiers are expected to influence the mechanical and adhesion properties of tablet coatings.

Organ-sparing central pelvic compartment resection for the treatment of vulvo-vaginal melanomas.

Vulvo-vaginal melanomas are one of the rarest gynecological oncology diseases with a poor survival compared with other malignancies. The 5-year survival varies from 13% to 32.3%.

Rare case of high-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma metastasising to inferior vena cava and right atrium.

Endometrial stromal sarcomas (ESSs) are a rare form of uterine malignancy representing <10% of all uterine sarcomas and <1% of all primary malignant tumours of the uterus. Invasion of the vascular system by low-grade ESS has been reported in the literature. Here we report the first case of a high-grade ESS invading the pelvic and gonadal vein and extending through the inferior vena cava to the right atrium, the diagnostic challenges and multidisciplinary management of the case.

Lesion-specific 3D-printed moulds for image-guided tissue multi-sampling of ovarian tumours: A prospective pilot study.

Background: High-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma (HGSOC) is the most prevalent and lethal subtype of ovarian cancer, but has a paucity of clinically-actionable biomarkers due to high degrees of multi-level heterogeneity. Radiogenomics markers have the potential to improve prediction of patient outcome and treatment response, but require accurate multimodal spatial registration between radiological imaging and histopathological tissue samples. Previously published co-registration work has not taken into account the anatomical, biological and clinical diversity of ovarian tumours.

Experimental Evaluation of the Impact of Rapid Environmental Changes on Stress Distribution in Tablet Coatings.

Drying-induced cracks in tablet coatings are undesirable as they not only affect tablet's appearance, but they may also interfere with its function. While it is well known that tensile stresses in the coating are responsible for coating failures, few have measured the stress in tablet coatings, especially when exposed to rapid environmental changes. In this study, two commercial tablet coatings based on Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC) and Poly Vinyl Alcohol (PVA) are exposed to rapid variations in temperature and humidity to observe the variation in residual stress.

Clonal somatic copy number altered driver events inform drug sensitivity in high-grade serous ovarian cancer.

Chromosomal instability is a major challenge to patient stratification and targeted drug development for high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC). Here we show that somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs) in frequently amplified HGSOC cancer genes significantly correlate with gene expression and methylation status. We identify five prevalent clonal driver SCNAs (chromosomal amplifications encompassing MYC, PIK3CA, CCNE1, KRAS and TERT) from multi-regional HGSOC data and reason that their strong selection should prioritise them as key biomarkers for targeted therapies.

The incidence of cervical cancer in women with postcoital bleeding and abnormal appearance of the cervix referred through the 2-week wait pathway in the United Kingdom: A retrospective cohort study.

Aim: To determine the incidence of cervical cancer in women referred through the 2-week-wait pathway for postcoital bleeding and abnormal appearance of the cervix.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted of women with postcoital bleeding, or abnormal appearance of the cervix referred to colposcopy clinics through the 2-week-wait pathway for suspected cervical cancer at Cambridge University Hospitals in the United Kingdom over 5 years. Women were identified from a departmental database.

Non-contrast MRI can accurately characterize adnexal masses: a retrospective study.

Objective: To determine the accuracy of interpretation of a non-contrast MRI protocol in characterizing adnexal masses.

Methods And Materials: Two hundred ninety-one patients (350 adnexal masses) who underwent gynecological MRI at our institution between the 1 of January 2008 and the 31 of December 2018 were reviewed. A random subset (102 patients with 121 masses) was chosen to evaluate the reproducibility and repeatability of readers' assessments.

Effect of liquid pool concentration on chemically reactive drop impact gelation process.

Coupled effects of hydrodynamics and chemical reaction during gelation process have been studied in the current work. Here, a viscous sodium alginate liquid drop impacts on calcium chloride liquid pool, chemically reacts with the pool, forms a crater, and instantaneously changes its phase from liquid to soft solid called as gel. The drop impingement height and liquid pool concentration are varied to study the effect on this process.

Results from Survey to Assess Current Trends in Surgical Practice in the Management of Women with Early Stage Cervical Cancer within the BGCS Community with an Emphasis on Routine Frozen Section Examination.

In the UK, more than 3,200 new cases of cervical cancer are diagnosed each year. Early stage cervical cancer (IA2-IB1) treatment comprises central surgery mainly in the form of radical hysterectomy or fertility sparing surgery including trachelectomy as well as systematic pelvic lymphadenectomy to detect metastases and adjust treatment accordingly. Given the variation in determining the lymph node (LN) status, a major prognosticator, we reviewed the current UK practice of LN assessment in women undergoing surgery for early cervical cancer.

Routine Intraoperative Frozen Section Examination to Minimize Bimodal Treatment in Early-Stage Cervical Cancer.

Objective: In early-stage cervical cancer, single modality therapy is the main objective, to minimize patient morbidity while offering equivalent cure rates. Intraoperative frozen section examination (FSE) of lymph nodes (LNs) can facilitate this aim, ensuring that radical surgery is avoided in patients requiring adjuvant therapy for metastatic LN involvement. We aimed to evaluate the accuracy of routine intraoperative FSE of pelvic LNs during the surgical staging of early-stage cervical cancers and identify a group at low risk for nodal metastases.

Primary Endometrial Yolk Sac Tumor With Endodermal-Intestinal Differentiation Masquerading as Metastatic Colorectal Adenocarcinoma.

Yolk sac tumors (YSTs) with a somatic glandular pattern can be difficult to recognize histologically because they reproduce developing intestinal, hepatic, or lung tissue and can express markers such as CDX2 and TTF1. We report an unusual case of a primary endometrial YST showing florid endodermal-intestinal differentiation in a 63-yr-old woman with a history of colorectal adenocarcinoma. Histologically, the tumor exhibited a glandular and papillary architecture and showed widespread immunoreactivity for CDX2 and focal staining for CK20 and CEA, mimicking metastatic colorectal carcinoma on biopsy.

A prospective pilot study of detection of sentinel lymph nodes in gynaecological cancers using a novel near infrared fluorescence imaging system.

Background: Sentinel Lymph Node (SLN) sampling may significantly reduce surgical morbidity by avoiding needless radical lymphadenectomy. In gynaecological cancers, the current practice in the UK is testing the accuracy of SLN detection using radioactive isotopes within the context of clinical trials. However, radioactive tracers pose significant logistic problems.

Outcomes of ovarian transposition in gynaecological cancers; a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Pelvic irradiation is essential for improving survival in women with pelvic malignancies despite inducing permanent ovarian damage. Ovarian transposition can be performed in premenopausal women in an attempt to preserve ovarian function. As uncertainty occurs over the proportion of women who are likely to benefit from the procedure, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the proportion of women with ovarian function preservation, symptomatic or asymptomatic ovarian cysts and metastatic ovarian malignancy following ovarian transposition.

Differentiating pelvic actinomycosis from advanced ovarian cancer: a report of two cases, management reflections and literature review.

Pelvic actinomycosis comprises a rare, subacute to chronic bacterial infection characterised by suppurative and granulomatous inflammation. Diagnosis is difficult as it may simulate pelvic malignancies. Laboratory and radiological findings are non-specific.

Chemotherapy versus surgery for initial treatment in advanced ovarian epithelial cancer.

Background: Epithelial ovarian cancer presents at an advanced stage in the majority of women. These women require surgery and chemotherapy for optimal treatment. Conventional treatment is to perform surgery first and then give chemotherapy.

Epidermal growth factor receptor blockers for the treatment of ovarian cancer.

Background: Ovarian cancer is the seventh most common cause of cancer death in women world-wide. Treatment consists of a combination of surgical debulking and platinum-based chemotherapy, alone or in combination with paclitaxel. Between 55% and 75% of women who respond to first-line therapy relapse within two years of completing treatment.

Laparoscopic salpingo-oophorectomy for ovarian ablation in women with hormone-sensitive breast cancer.

Objective: To evaluate institutional experiences regarding laparoscopic salpingo-oophorectomy in breast cancer patients and to compare the technique with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogs among premenopausal women with hormone-sensitive breast cancer.

Methods: Between 2004 and 2009, 103 women with breast cancer underwent laparoscopic salpingo-oophorectomy at Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK. All relevant medical records-including reasons for salpingo-oophorectomy, peri-operative events, and subsequent follow-up-were reviewed.

DNA-repair pathway inhibitors for the treatment of ovarian cancer.

Background: Ovarian cancer is the sixth most common cancer and seventh most common cause of cancer death in women world-wide.Three-quarters of women present when the disease has spread through-put the abdomen (stage III or IV) and treatment consists of a combination of debulking surgery and platinum-based chemotherapy, with or without taxanes. Although initial responses to chemotherapy are often good, most women will relapse and require further chemotherapy and will eventually develop resistance to chemotherapy agents.

Laparoscopic surgery for gynaecological cancers in obese women.

The use of laparoscopic surgery in the management of gynaecological malignancies has been growing for over a decade. Concomitantly the incidence of obesity has been increasing worldwide. This review summarizes the available studies on minimal invasive surgery in obese women with gynaecological malignancies.

Epidermal growth factor receptor blockers for the treatment of ovarian cancer.

This is the protocol for a review and there is no abstract. The objectives are as follows: To compare the effectiveness and harmful effects of interventions, which target the epidermal growth factor receptor, in the treatment of ovarian cancer.