Recombinant Proteins: Evolution to their Therapeutic Potential.

Recombinant proteins, which are produced using recombinant DNA technology, have transformed the domains of biotechnology and biomedicine by allowing the production of proteins that are often expensive or difficult to obtain from natural sources. More than 130 recombinant proteins are currently in clinical use by the US FDA, demonstrating the importance of these proteins in both research and therapeutic applications. Bacterial, yeast, mammalian cell cultures, and hybridoma technology are examples of recombinant protein production systems that have enabled the large-scale production of therapeutic proteins, including monoclonal antibodies, which are now essential tools in disease treatment.

Effect of Proton Pump Inhibitor on Quality of Life of Patients with Laryngopharyngeal Reflux.

Introduction: Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is a common disease in the outpatient department of otolaryngology and is characterised by backflow of stomach contents into the pharynx and larynx resulting in significant negative impact on the quality of life of patients. The aim of study was to assess the effect of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) on quality of life in patients with LPR.

Method: 110 patients diagnosed with LPR were enrolled in study and prescribed omeprazole (20 mg) twice daily for 12 weeks.

Lewis acid-promoted cascade reactions of cyclopropenes: a unified approach to stereoselective synthesis of cyclic ethers and oxaspirolactones.

Lewis acid-promoted 5/6- hydroalkoxylation/reduction cascade of ω-hydroxy cyclopropenes gave expeditious, stereoselective access to THF/THP derivatives. Monoester substituted ω-hydroxy cyclopropenes on treatment with catalytic Bi(OTf) lead to [5,5]/[6,5] oxaspirocyclic lactones. This unified strategy relies on generation of transient donor-acceptor (D-A) cyclopropanes from ω-hydroxy cyclopropene precursors.

Synergistic Computational and Experimental Investigation of Covalent Organic Frameworks for Efficient Alcohol Dehydration.

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), a promising class of nanoporous materials, have received significant attention for membrane separation. Currently, several COFs are reported for alcohol dehydration, but they are not efficient owing to the pervasive challenge to separate small-sized molecular mixture. Herein, first we have computationally explored a series of COFs with different functionality and aperture size as pervaporation (PV) membrane and identified a novel COF for efficient dehydration of water/alcohol mixtures (90 wt % IPA, 90 wt % -butanol and 90 wt % -butanol).

Network pharmacological evaluation of L.- an integrated approach of modern and ancient pharmacology.

L. is immensely valuable in pharmacology. Computational approach through network pharmacology has been attempted to understand lead molecules of Cressa and their interactions with multiple targets.

Innovative Therapies and Strategies for Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that requires early detection and treatment. Currently, we have three categories of slow-acting disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs): (1) conventional synthetic (csDMARD), (2) biologic (bDMARD), and (3) directed or targeted synthetic (tsDMARD).

Objective: This review explores innovative therapeutic modalities for RA, discussing their potential advantages and challenges.

Spontaneous thrombosis of an unroofed coronary sinus: case report.

Background: Unroofed coronary sinus (UCS) is a rare congenital anomaly and is usually found incidentally. While coronary sinus thrombosis (CST) can occur following instrumentation of the coronary sinus, spontaneous CST is a rare occurrence and only a few cases have been reported to date. The presence of both rare entities concurrently has not been reported previously.

Lid wiper epitheliopathy: Topical review of current identification strategies and future perspectives.

Lid Wiper Epitheliopathy (LWE) is a recognized ocular condition affecting visual quality and ocular comfort, characterized by the damage of the marginal conjunctiva of the upper eyelid. This review critically examines the current strategies for LWE identification and explores the multifactorial etiology of LWE and its association with various ocular surface diseases. A literature review conducted on PubMed identified 67 relevant studies, which were analyzed to enhance understanding of LWE's diagnostic criteria and its clinical implications, offering future perspectives on improving diagnostic accuracy and patient outcomes.

Evaluation of polymer-preservative interactions for preservation efficacy: molecular dynamics simulation and QSAR approaches.

Preservatives are critical ingredients in various pharmaceutical and consumer products. In particular, a high efficacy preservative system is essential in enhancing the shelf-life and safety of these products. However, the development of such a preservative system heavily relies on experimental approaches.

Y-switch: a spring-loaded synthetic gene switch for robust DNA/RNA signal amplification and detection.

Nucleic acid tests (NATs) are essential for biomedical diagnostics. Traditional NATs, often complex and expensive, have prompted the exploration of toehold-mediated strand displacement (TMSD) circuits as an economical alternative. However, the wide application of TMSD-based reactions is limited by 'leakage'-the spurious activation of the reaction leading to high background signals and false positives.

Refractive Error among Children Visiting the Department of Paediatric Opthalmology of a Tertiary Eye Care Center.

Introduction: Refractive error is the inability of eyes to focus clearly on images. Visual impairment due to refractive error has a major impact on children's education and daily activities. The hospital has no documentation of the ocular morbidity related to refractive errors in children.

Targeting BRF2: insights from screening and molecular dynamic simulations.

The Transcription factor II B (TFIIB)‑related factor 2 (BRF2) containing TFIIIB complex recruits RNA polymerase III multi-subunit complex to selective gene promoters that altogether are responsible for synthesizing a variety of small non-coding RNAs, including a special type of selenocysteine tRNA (tRNASec), micro-RNA (miRNA), and other regulatory RNAs. BRF2 has been identified as a potential oncogene that promotes cancer cell survival under oxidative stress through its genetic activation. The structure of the BRF2 protein was modeled using the Robetta server, refined, and validated using the Ramachandran plot.

Identification of coastal pesticide pollutants as potent inhibitors of urease mediated calcium carbonate precipitation: a computational approach.

Microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP) through urease enzyme has attained a lot of recognition in various fields of civil engineering and geotechnology for stabilizing the strength of soil and various concrete materials. The activity of urease has been found to be affected by various factors like temperature, substrate concentrations, pH of the medium, presence of inhibitors, etc. Through this study, the outcome of the interaction of pesticides (commonly found in Indian coastal regions) on urease, a major organism reported for MICP studies has been investigated .

Identification of CXCR4 inhibitors as a key therapeutic small molecule in renal fibrosis.

The final stage of almost all chronic kidney diseases is renal fibrosis. Simple wounds or persistent inflammation can cause tissue inflammation, which, in the case of the kidney, results in scarring. Vascular sclerosis, tubulointerstitial fibrosis and glomerular fibrosis are all types of kidney fibrosis.

Dynamic matrices with DNA-encoded viscoelasticity for cell and organoid culture.

Three-dimensional cell and organoid cultures rely on the mechanical support of viscoelastic matrices. However, commonly used matrix materials lack control over key cell-instructive properties. Here we report on fully synthetic hydrogels based on DNA libraries that self-assemble with ultrahigh-molecular-weight polymers, forming a dynamic DNA-crosslinked matrix (DyNAtrix).

Total Synthesis of Pyrrolidine and Piperidine Natural Products via TMSOTf-Mediated "5/6-" Reductive Hydroamination of Enynyl Amines.

Stereoselective syntheses of pyrrolidines and piperidines bearing hydrophobic chains have been achieved through a metal free, Lewis acid-mediated 5/6- reductive hydroamination cascade of enynyl amines. The brevity of the developed strategy allowed for the collective stereoselective total synthesis of various alkaloids, including (±)-pyrrolidine -225H, (±)--197B, (±)--225C, the family of (+)-solenopsins and (+)-isosolenopsins, and the formal synthesis of (±)-bgugaine and (+)-azimic acid.

Cu(II)/PTABS-Promoted, Regioselective SAr Amination of Polychlorinated Pyrimidines with Mechanistic Understanding.

Regioselective amination of polyhalogenated heteroarenes (especially pyrimidines) has extensive synthetic and commercial relevance for drug synthesis applications but is plagued by the lack of effective synthetic strategies. Herein, we report the Cu(II)/PTABS-promoted highly regioselective nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SAr) of polychlorinated pyrimidines assisted by DFT predictions of the bond dissociation energies of different C-Cl bonds. The unique reactivity of Cu(II)-PTABS has been attributed to the coordination/activation mechanism that has been known to operate in these reactions, but further insights into the catalytic species have also been provided.

Heavy and less common metals in rainwater and the kinetics of the oxidation of hydrogen sulfide by oxygen in rainwater medium.

As a sequel to our recent study on the oxidation by O, i. e., autoxidation of dissolved hydrogen sulfide, HS, in aqueous medium, we present here the results of a similar study in rain water medium.

Molecular Interactions between APIs and Enteric Polymeric Excipients in Solid Dispersion: Insights from Molecular Simulations and Experiments.

Solid dispersion of poorly soluble APIs is known to be a promising strategy to improve dissolution and oral bioavailability. To facilitate the development and commercialization of a successful solid dispersion formulation, understanding of intermolecular interactions between APIs and polymeric carriers is essential. In this work, first, we assessed the molecular interactions between various delayed-release APIs and polymeric excipients using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and then we formulated API solid dispersions using a hot melt extrusion (HME) technique.

In silico identification of a promising inhibitor of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Lycopersici, Secreted in Xylem 1 protein.

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Lycopersici (FOL) is a soilborne pathogen that infects tomato plants and inflicts severe damage, resulting in heavy yield losses worldwide, causing Fusarium wilt disease.

Development of a smart pH-responsive nano-polymer drug, 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol conjugate against the intestinal pathogen, Vibrio cholerae.

Vibrio cholerae causes cholera, an acute diarrhoeal disease. The virulence in V. cholerae is regulated by the quorum-sensing mechanism and response regulator LuxO positively regulates the expression of virulence determinants adhesion, biofilm formation, and cholera toxin production.