Clinicopathological analysis of the absence of seminal vesicle invasion in prostate cancer patients without radiological evidence on magnetic resonance imaging.

Background: In definitive radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer, the seminal vesicle is included in the target volume for intermediate- and high-risk cases, though this increases the risk of toxicity to the bowel and rectum. This study retrospectively examined clinicopathological data to assess the absence of seminal vesicle invasion (SVI) in prostate cancer patients without radiological evidence of SVI using preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Materials And Methods: Patients with cT1c-cT3a prostate cancer who underwent radical prostatectomy between March 2010 and February 2024 were retrospectively selected, excluding those with distant metastasis, missing MRI data, preoperative systemic therapy, or delayed surgery post-biopsy.

Response to First-Line Chemotherapy Predicts Response to Maintenance Avelumab Therapy in Japanese Patients With Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma.

Objectives: The association between the response to first-line chemotherapy and maintenance of avelumab remains unclear. We identified factors associated with the response to avelumab in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma using real-world data.

Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 100 patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma treated with maintenance avelumab therapy between March 2021 and April 2024 at Nagoya University and nine affiliated hospitals.

Significance of Body Surface Area Correction for Cisplatin Eligibility Based on Renal Function of Patients With Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer.

Introduction: Creatinine clearance (CCr) ≥60 mL/min without body surface area (BSA) correction is commonly applied to determine the cisplatin (CDDP) eligibility of patients with bladder cancer. However, since CDDP dosages are calculated according to BSA, there is concern that applying renal function without BSA correction may underestimate CDDP eligibility, especially of patients with low BSA. The purpose of this study was to determine whether BSA correction for renal function affects the decision of CDDP eligibility and oncological outcomes.

Prospective observational study on the relationships between genetic alterations and survival in Japanese patients with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer: the impact of IDC-P.

Background: Intraductal Carcinoma of the Prostate (IDC-P) is a significant prognostic indicator for prostate cancer, which demonstrates significant associations with homologous recombination repair gene mutations (HRRm) and alterations in tumor suppressor genes. However, no study in Japan has investigated the association between IDC-P and genetic mutations in men with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC).

Methods: This prospective observational study enrolled 102 de novo mCSPC (LATITUDE high-risk) patients diagnosed between 2018 and 2021, with subsequent monitoring of survival outcomes.

Safety of cricotracheostomy with skin and tracheal membrane flaps for severe COVID-19 patients.

Objective: Airway surgery is performed for COVID-19 patients who require long-term tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. Tracheostomy sometimes causes postoperative complications represented by bleeding at a relatively high rate in COVID-19 patients. As an alternative surgical procedure to tracheostomy, cricotracheostomy may reduce these complications, but few studies have examined its safety.

Nasal Packing Materials and Placement Duration on Wound Healing in Nasal Mucosa: An Animal Study.

Objective: The histological findings of wound healing depending on different nasal packing materials and replacement periods were lacking.

Methods: Mucosal defects were created in the nasal septum of rabbits and covered with Spongel®, Algoderm®, or Nasopore®, which were cleaned on Day 14. To investigate the effect of replacement durations, Spongel® was removed on Days 3 and 7.

Characteristics of Nasal Foreign Bodies and Equipment on Complications During Removal Procedures.

Objective: The treatment of nasal foreign bodies involves safe and reliable removal. Few reports have investigated the relationship between equipment and the incidence of complications.

Methods: This retrospective study included 300 patients with nasal foreign bodies (average: 3.

Mucosal Epithelial Preservation of Free Nasal Grafts Depending on the Recipient Site.

Objectives/hypothesis: Reconstruction of mucosal defects using free mucosal grafts has become a common procedure during endoscopic sinus surgery. Epithelialization of mucosal grafts affects postoperative complications and outcomes, which could be influenced by different recipient tissue. However, morphological changes occurring in the grafts transplanted over different tissues remain unexplored.

Relationship between the number of lymph nodes dissected and prognosis in muscle-invasive bladder cancer in the era of neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Objectives: Many studies have shown a good prognostic association with a large number of lymph node dissections. However, most of these studies did not include patients who have received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The purpose of this study was to verify the relationship between survival outcomes and the number of lymph nodes removed during radical cystectomy in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer in the era of neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Impact of Histological Variants on Clinical Responses to Pembrolizumab in Patients With Metastatic Urothelial Cancer.

Background: The efficacy of anti-programmed celldeath protein 1 treatment in patients with urothelial carcinoma (UC) with molecular subtypes of histological variants has not been investigated. This study aimed to examine the impact of histological variants classified according to molecular subtypes on clinical outcomes in patients with platinum-resistant metastatic UC treated with pembrolizumab.

Patients And Methods: Data of 168 patients with metastatic UC who received intravenous pembrolizumab after platinum-based chemotherapy between December 2017 and November 2020 were retrospectively reviewed.

Optimal Multiple-Layered Anterior Skull Base Reconstruction Using a 360° Suturing Technique.

Background: Advances in technique and instrumentation have improved outcomes after resection of anterior skull base tumors. However, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak occurs in 4%-20% of patients. To reduce the risk of CSF leak, we have developed a novel reconstruction technique that consists of a 4-layered graft with patchwork suturing and hard material.

Frontal Sinus "Hump": An Anatomical Risk Factor for Anterior Skull Base Injury in the Endoscopic Modified Lothrop Approach (Outside-In Frontal Drill-Out).

Skull base injuries caused by the outside-in frontal drill-out technique have not been reported. In this report, we chose an outside-in approach to open the frontal sinus for olfactory neuroblastoma resection. Although we identified the first olfactory fibre, the anterior skull base was damaged while drilling into the frontal sinus on the tumour side.

Management and surgical approach ingenuity for nasal fibro-osseous lesions at our facility: A case series of 15 patients.

To retrospectively evaluate our treatment algorithm and surgical approaches for nasal fibro-osseous lesions at our hospital. Fifteen patients with nasal fibro-osseous lesions treated from January 1, 2010, to January 31, 2020 were included. Among them, 13 patients who underwent surgery were divided into groups A and B, based on whether they were treated before or after the treatment algorithm was established.

Clinical Diagnosis of Central Vertigo in Patients With Dizziness in Emergency Practice.

Background: Life-threatening diseases should be promptly identified to provide appropriate medical care for emergency outpatients experiencing dizziness. However, dizziness is associated with various medical conditions; thus, a definitive diagnosis is challenging. To accurately diagnose vertigo in an emergency outpatient, we conducted a survey on the need to identify vertigo patients in the current outpatient departments.

Grade group 2 (10% ≥ GP4) patients have very similar malignant potential with grade group 1 patients, given the risk of intraductal carcinoma of the prostate.

Background: It has been argued that grade group 2 (GG2) with a low Gleason pattern 4 (GP4) proportion should be an indication for active surveillance (AS) of prostate cancer (PCa). However, the cut-off GP4 proportion for AS remains unclear. Here, we evaluated the effect of GP4 proportion and IDC-P on cancer recurrence following radical prostatectomy (RP) in GG1 and GG2 patients, and identified candidates for AS.

Ingredients of Jelly Products Affect Aspiration-Related Pulmonary Inflammation; in an Animal Study.

Diet modification is an important intervention in the management of patients with dysphagia. Food entering the airway, same as oral bacterium, causes pulmonary inflammation; therefore, the elucidation of inflammatory responses to different foods is important. This study aimed to investigate the differences in the severity of inflammatory response induced by intratrachial injection of foods with different nutritional components.

Effects of Hangeshashinto on the nasal physiological function: An in vitro study.

Objective: Hangeshashinto is a Japanese Kampo medicine applied for the treatment of oral mucositis and gastroenteritis. Hangeshashinto exhibits broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and suppresses prostaglandin (PG)E2 production in the mucosa and has the ability to improve the inflammatory condition. In addition to these effects, because cAMP, a composition of Hangeshashinto, facilitates ciliary beat, Hangeshashinto could also improve the physiological function of the nasal mucosa, consist of ciliated epithelium, but details were unknown.

A case of primary adenocarcinoma of the seminal vesicle treated by total laparoscopic pelvic exenteration.

An adenocarcinoma of the seminal vesicle is a rare malignancy with a poor prognosis. Its symptoms are non-specific, rendering diagnosis difficult. We present the case of a 74-year-old male with haematospermia.

Effect of core needle biopsy number on intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P) diagnosis in patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer.

Background: The number of core needle biopsies in metastatic prostate cancer cases are sometimes reduced to avoid various complications. We analyzed whether core needle biopsy number influence IDC-P detection rate in patients with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC).

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated data from 150 patients diagnosed with mHSPC.

Comparison of cernitin pollen extract vs tadalafil therapy for refractory chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: A randomized, prospective study.

Aims: To compare the efficacy of cernitin pollen extract (cernitin) or tadalafil for treating persistent chronic pelvic pain despite α1-blocker monotherapy in men with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).

Methods: A total of 100 patients with refractory CP/CPPS despite ongoing α1-blocker monotherapy were randomized to receive add-on therapy with either cernitin (4 capsules/day) or tadalafil (5 mg/d) for 12 weeks. At week 12, changes from baseline in the patients' CP/CPPS, LUTS, and voiding function, as assessed using the National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI), the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), and uroflowmetry, respectively, were compared between the groups.

Effect of gauze placement soaked with adrenaline at suprabullar recess on hemostasis during endoscopic sinus surgery: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: Topical application of vasoconstrictors is necessary for endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) for a bloodless surgical view and reduced intraoperative bleeding. We aimed to verify the effectiveness of gauze placement soaked with adrenaline at suprabullar recess, where the anterior ethmoidal artery exists, on hemostasis during ESS.

Methods: A randomized, double-blinded trial was carried out for 26 patients receiving ESS.

Pathological Features of Free Graft and Pedicled Flap in the Nasal Cavity: An Animal Study.

Objectives/hypothesis: Recent developments in reconstructive techniques for mucosal defects using mucoperiosteal materials have enabled rapid recovery of physiological function after endoscopic sinus surgery. Clinical trials have described the advantages, disadvantages, and different outcomes of free graft and pedicled flap, which, respectively, sacrifice or preserve blood flow. However, histological changes, that affect the postoperative outcomes after reconstruction, remain unclear.

Propensity score-matched comparison of docetaxel and androgen receptor axis-targeted agents in patients with castration-resistant intraductal carcinoma of the prostate.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of docetaxel and androgen receptor axis-targeted (ARAT) agents in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) with intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P) using a propensity score-matched analysis.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively identified 309 patients with CRPC from February 2007 to February 2016 at Nagoya University and its affiliated hospitals. All patients received initial androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT).

Pre-surgical sunitinib treatment enabling nephron-sparing surgery in a patient with renal cell carcinoma in a solitary kidney.

A 55-year-old man with a solitary kidney was diagnosed with an 8.5 cm renal cell carcinoma in the right kidney without metastasis. Twenty five months of sunitinib treatment reduced the tumor from 8.