Clinicopathological analysis of the absence of seminal vesicle invasion in prostate cancer patients without radiological evidence on magnetic resonance imaging.

Background: In definitive radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer, the seminal vesicle is included in the target volume for intermediate- and high-risk cases, though this increases the risk of toxicity to the bowel and rectum. This study retrospectively examined clinicopathological data to assess the absence of seminal vesicle invasion (SVI) in prostate cancer patients without radiological evidence of SVI using preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Materials And Methods: Patients with cT1c-cT3a prostate cancer who underwent radical prostatectomy between March 2010 and February 2024 were retrospectively selected, excluding those with distant metastasis, missing MRI data, preoperative systemic therapy, or delayed surgery post-biopsy.

Unexpected death from air embolism during routine dental Procedure: A case report.

Air embolism during dental treatment is a rare but severe complication. We report a woman in her 70 s who died of an air embolism. The patient experienced sudden stiffness and loss of consciousness while undergoing restorative treatment for cervical caries of the lower right second molar.

Heat stroke-induced hepatic lipid dysregulation: histological and lipidomic insights.

Global warming has increased summer temperatures, leading to a rise in heat stroke-related deaths in Japan. Heat stroke disrupts the body's adaptation to high temperatures, often resulting in severe complications, including liver damage and even death. However, despite the increasing incidence, pathological autopsies remain rare, and the histological changes associated with heat stroke are poorly understood.

Response to First-Line Chemotherapy Predicts Response to Maintenance Avelumab Therapy in Japanese Patients With Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma.

Objectives: The association between the response to first-line chemotherapy and maintenance of avelumab remains unclear. We identified factors associated with the response to avelumab in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma using real-world data.

Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 100 patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma treated with maintenance avelumab therapy between March 2021 and April 2024 at Nagoya University and nine affiliated hospitals.

CT-based assessment of bear-inflicted maxillofacial injuries: evaluation using the facial injury severity scale and its association with hospitalization duration.

Purpose: Bear-inflicted injuries are often associated with severe maxillofacial injury. This study aimed to evaluate CT findings of bear-inflicted injuries using the Facial Injury Severity Scale (FISS) and other trauma grading systems, with a particular focus on the relationship between FISS scores and hospitalization duration as well as the characteristics of maxillofacial injuries.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included 31 patients with bear-inflicted injuries who underwent whole-body CT.

Hypothermia drives fatty acid transporter 1 upregulation and lipid accumulation in renal tubules: evidence from forensic cases.

Forensic pathology lacks generally accepted markers for hypothermia, relying instead on various physiological responses to low temperatures as postmortem diagnostic indicators. We have demonstrated that fatty acid transporter 1 (FATP1) is upregulated in renal tubules of a mouse hypothermia model, causing lipid accumulation. This study aims to determine if a similar phenomenon occurs in cases of human hypothermia and evaluate its potential as a diagnostic tool.

FATP1-mediated fatty acid uptake in renal tubular cells as a countermeasure for hypothermia.

Hypothermia is a condition in which body temperature falls below 35 °C, resulting from exposure to low environmental temperatures or underlying medical conditions. Postmortem examinations have revealed increased levels of fatty acids in blood and lipid droplet formation in renal tubules during hypothermia. However, the causes and implications of these findings are unclear.

Treatment-related skin reactions in enfortumab vedotin as a surrogate marker of survival and treatment response.

Background: Treatment-related skin reactions (TRSRs) induced by enfortumab vedotin (EV) targeting nectin-4 are among the most common adverse events. However, their association with survival and treatment response is poorly understood.

Methods: We retrospectively identified patients who received EV from December 2021 to April 2023 at Nagoya University Hospital and its affiliated facilities and extracted clinical data from their medical records.

Visualization of left common carotid artery injury by glass using postmortem virtual angioscopy.

A deceased man in his 50 s was found with his neck over a broken glass door frame, with blood around the body. A non-contrast postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) scan revealed subcutaneous hemorrhage, temporal bone fracture, and cerebral contusion. Also, wounds extending from the anterior to posterior neck and the presence of air in the cervical vessels suggested cervical vascular injury.

Assessment of Myocardial Ischemia Using Coronary Postmortem Computed Tomography Angiography Based on the Voronoi Algorithm: A Case Report.

Postmortem computed tomography angiography (PMCTA) is a valuable tool for diagnosing vascular conditions, such as hemorrhages, in trauma cases. This case report demonstrates the use of the Voronoi algorithm to assess myocardial ischemia using coronary PMCTA. A male in his 70s was found unconscious in a car after colliding with a traffic light pole.

Postmortem genetic analysis of 17 sudden cardiac deaths identified nonsense and frameshift variants in two cases of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy.

Sudden death, or unexpected natural death of a healthy individual, is a serious problem in all nations. Sudden cardiac death (SCD) mainly due to ischemic heart diseases is the top cause of sudden death. However, there are pathophysiological conditions, referred to as sudden arrhythmic death syndrome, in which no apparent lesion can be identified even after complete conventional or ordinary autopsy.

Usefulness of virtual reassembly of the skull and spine in cases of fragmentation due to high-energy trauma: A feasibility study.

With the widespread use of postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) beside forensic autopsies for investigation of causes of death, three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction and fusion imaging using PMCT data are now becoming common. In the present study, the applicability of virtual reassembly from PMCT data was investigated in three cases involving fragmentation of the skull or spine due to high-energy trauma, as in such cases it is sometimes difficult to obtain detailed information on fractures using macroscopic observation alone. In the first case, virtual reassembly of the skull provided more information about the fractures than conventional reconstruction with adhesive.

Acute subdural hematoma caused by rupture of a mycotic aneurysm due to meningitis associated with infectious endocarditis: comparison of autopsy findings with postmortem computed tomography.

Forensic pathologists often encounter cases of acute subdural hematoma (SDH) due to trauma, whereas those attributable to endogenous causes are rare. Here, we report a case of the latter type in a 42-year-old man who was found dead at home after several months of fever and malaise. Postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) and autopsy were undertaken to clarify the cause of death.

Emergence of an erythroid cell-specific regulatory region in ABO intron 1 attributable to A- or B-antigen expression on erythrocytes in Hominoidea.

A- and B-antigens are present on red blood cells (RBCs) as well as other cells and secretions in Hominoidea including humans and apes such as chimpanzees and gibbons, whereas expression of these antigens on RBCs is subtle in monkeys such as Japanese macaques. Previous studies have indicated that H-antigen expression has not completely developed on RBCs in monkeys. Such antigen expression requires the presence of H-antigen and A- or B-transferase expression in cells of erythroid lineage, although whether or not ABO gene regulation is associated with the difference of A- or B-antigen expression between Hominoidea and monkeys has not been examined.

Hypothermic death resulting from extreme freezing with characteristic postmortem computed tomography findings: A case report and review of the literature.

We report a case of hypothermic death that resulted from extreme freezing, with characteristic postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) findings. A 75-year-old man died in a deeply frozen state. In PMCT, there was a lack of increase in the bilateral lung-field attenuation.

Bioprotective role of platelet-derived microvesicles in hypothermia: Insight into the differential characteristics of peripheral and splenic platelets.

Background: Most platelets are present in peripheral blood, but some are stored in the spleen. Because the tissue environments of peripheral blood vessels and the spleen are quite distinct, the properties of platelets present in each may also differ. However, no studies have addressed this difference.

Post-traumatic cerebral infarction caused by thrombus in the middle cerebral artery.

A woman in her 80s was found unconscious after being hit by a car while crossing a road. After admission to hospitals, computed tomography (CT) scans revealed traumatic brain injury (TBI), and the patient was treated symptomatically. However, despite improvement of TBI in CT images, she died unexpectedly.

Karnofsky performance status and visual analogue scale scores are simple indicators for quality of life in long-term AYA survivors who received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells transplantation in childhood.

The purpose of this study was to investigate Karnofsky performance status (KPS) scores and visual analogue scale (VAS) scores to explain which domains in the standardized self-reported quality of life (QOL) are instrumental for long-term hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) survivors. We conducted a nationwide cross-sectional questionnaire study on 221 survivors with allogeneic-HSCT in 28 pediatric centers. Patient-reported QOL was assessed at a single time point using the 36-item Short-Form Survey (SF-36), the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Bone Marrow Transplant (FACT-BMT), and VAS scores.

Identification of cell cycle-associated and -unassociated regulators for expression of a hepatocellular carcinoma oncogene cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 3.

Human cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 3 (CDKN3) is a known oncogene in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its expression is promoted during tumor development. CDKN3 serves as a cell cycle regulator and its dysregulation is considered to be a causal factor for tumor progression. However, the molecular basis of the regulation of CDKN3 expression remains largely elusive.

Antagonistic action of a synthetic androgen ligand mediated by chromatin remodeling in a human prostate cancer cell line.

The clinical use of androgen receptor (AR) antagonists has been successful in treating prostate cancer patients, inducing remission of androgen-dependent tumors. However, a couple of years after treatment, prostate tumors transition into an androgen-independent state with altered gene expression profiles, but the molecular basis is not understood. Since the AR antagonists trigger this transition, we assessed whether AR antagonists induce chromatin reorganization in an androgen-dependent prostate cancer cell line (LNCaP).

Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin Followed by Unrelated Cord Blood Transplantation With Reduced-intensity Conditioning for a Child With Refractory Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia.

There is no established treatment for patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) refractory to targeted therapies with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and/or arsenic trioxide (ATO). We report here a case of an 8-month-old girl with APL who failed standard ATRA-combined chemotherapy. Although molecular remission was achieved after introducing ATRA/ATO combination therapy, molecular relapse occurred during the ATO consolidation courses.