Design of Adaptive LQR Control Based on Improved Grey Wolf Optimization for Prosthetic Hand.

Assistive technologies, particularly multi-fingered robotic hands (MFRHs), are critical for enhancing the quality of life for individuals with upper-limb disabilities. However, achieving precise and stable control of such systems remains a significant challenge. This study proposes an Improved Grey Wolf Optimization (IGWO)-tuned Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) to enhance the control performance of an MFRH.

WeedSwin hierarchical vision transformer with SAM-2 for multi-stage weed detection and classification.

Weed detection and classification using computer vision and deep learning techniques have emerged as crucial tools for precision agriculture, offering automated solutions for sustainable farming practices. This study presents a comprehensive approach to weed identification across multiple growth stages, addressing the challenges of detecting and classifying diverse weed species throughout their developmental cycles. We introduce two extensive datasets: the Alpha Weed Dataset (AWD) with 203,567 images and the Beta Weed Dataset (BWD) with 120,341 images, collectively documenting 16 prevalent weed species across 11 growth stages.

Influence of zirconia thickness and background color on color matching accuracy of monolithic zirconia restorations.

Objective: To evaluate the influence of monolithic zirconia brand, thickness, and substrate color on color matching accuracy when optically coupled to abutment substrates.

Methods: A total of 180 samples of two brands of monolithic zirconia [Prettau Anterior (PA), Ceramill Zolid FX Multicolor (CZ)] were prepared in three different thicknesses (0.8 mm, 1.

A flavonoid Ombuin ameliorates thioacetamide-mediated liver cirrhosis in vivo: biochemical, immunohistochemical, inflammatory approaches.

Liver cirrhosis is posing a global public health concern despite improvements in early diagnosis and therapeutic innovations. The present work evaluates the acute toxicity and prophylactic effects of an O-methylated flavonoid (Ombuin) in thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver injury in rats and its underlying mechanisms. Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were aligned into five cages and treated for two months as follows: group A ingested orally 1% CMC + distilled water (i.

A Phase I Trial to Determine the Safety and Tolerability of Autophagy Inhibition Using Chloroquine or Hydroxychloroquine in Combination with Carboplatin and Gemcitabine in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumorsced solid tumors.

Background: Autophagy is a catabolic process triggered in cells during periods of metabolic or hypoxic stress to enable their survival that may also impart advantages to tumors. Inhibition of early stage autophagy can rescue cancer cells, while inhibition of late stage autophagy leads to cell death due to accumulation of damaged organelles.  Chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) inhibit late phase autophagy.

Impact of breastfeeding and formula feeding on immune cell populations and blood cell parameters: an observational study.

Objective: Breastfeeding is associated with improved health outcomes in infancy and throughout adulthood as breast milk encompasses diverse immune-active factors that affect the ontogeny of the immune system in breastfed (BF) infants. Nevertheless, the impact of infant feeding on the immune system is poorly understood, and a comprehensive understanding of immune system development in human infants is lacking. In this observational study, we addressed the effects of different infant feeding approaches on cell populations and parameters in the peripheral blood of infants to gain insight into the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system.

Comparing distal and proximal radial access for percutaneous coronary intervention and angiography: a comprehensive meta-analysis and systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Distal radial access (DRA) through the anatomical snuff-box is a novel technique for coronary procedures. Emerging evidence suggests that DRA is associated with a lower risk of certain complications compared to proximal radial access (PRA).

Methods: A systematic review was conducted to compare clinical and procedural outcomes between both access sites for coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention.

An Innovative Thermal Imaging Prototype for Precise Breast Cancer Detection: Integrating Compression Techniques and Classification Methods.

Breast cancer detection at an early stage is crucial for improving patient survival rates. This work introduces an innovative thermal imaging prototype that incorporates compression techniques inspired by mammography equipment. The prototype offers a radiation-free and precise cancer diagnosis.

A bitter flavonoid gum from Dorema aucheri accelerate wound healing in rats: Involvement of Bax/HSP 70 and hydroxyprolin mechanisms.

Background: Dorema aucheri gum (DAG) is a bitter flavonoid gum widely used for numerous medicinal purposes including wound recovery. The present work investigates the acute toxicity and wound-healing effects of DAG in excisional skin injury in rats.

Materials And Methods: Sprague Dawley rats (24) were clustered into four groups, each rat had a full-thickness excisional dorsal neck injury (2.

Synthesis of Thiol Functionalized MOF-808 and its Efficiency for Mercury Removal.

A thiol-functionalized MOF-808 was produced and used to remove mercury by post-synthetic modification using 6-mercaponicotinic acid (6mna). Parent MOF-808 was impregnated for varied periods in the 6mna solution to create modified MOF-808 materials, known as MOF-808-6mna-x, where x refers to the impregnation time. Diffraction and several spectroscopic techniques were employed to quantify and confirm the coordination of 6mna into MOF-808 framework.

Longevity of acrylic and cobalt-chromium removable partial dentures-A ten-year retrospective survival analysis of 1246 denture-wearing patients.

Objectives: to assess the survival rates of removable partial dentures (RPDs) and identify factors impacting their longevity.

Methods: electronic health records were retrieved of patients aged ≥18 who received RPDs between 2010 - 2021 with a follow-up of ≥ three months. Data extracted included demographics, medical history, dental charting, periodontal screening and recording scores, prostheses details and related interventions, including new dentures/denture remakes, and maintenance.

Wood calamint ameliorates ethanol-induced stomach injury in rats by augmentation of hsp/bax and inflammatory mechanisms.

Clinopodium menthifolium (wood calamint) is a folkloric medicinal plant ingested as a treatment for many human disorders including gastric disorders. Our study evaluates the anti-ulcer potentials of Clinopodium menthifolium ethanol extracts (CMEE) in induced gastric ulcers in rats. Thirty Dawley male rats were divided into 5 groups: normal and ulcer controls, treated orally with Tween 20%; reference rats treated with Omeprazole 20 mg/kg, and the remaining two groups received 250 and 500 mg/kg CMEE for 2 weeks.

Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) seeds accelerates wound healing in rats: Possible molecular mechanisms.

Wound healing is a complex, intricate, and dynamic process that requires effective therapeutic management. The current study evaluates the wound healing potentials of methanolic extract of Cuminum cyminum L. seeds (CCS) in rats.

Retrospective review of non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome presenting to the emergency department of a major tertiary center in Saudi Arabia.

Background: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) comprises a spectrum of diseases ranging from unstable angina (UA), non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (non-STEMI) and ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Treatment of ACS without STEMI (NSTEMI-ACS) can vary, depending on the severity of presentation and multiple other factors.

Objective: Analyze the NSTEMI-ACS patients in our institution.

Deep Learning Model for Classifying and Evaluating Soybean Leaf Disease Damage.

Soybean ( (L.) Merr.) is a major source of oil and protein for human food and animal feed; however, soybean crops face diverse factors causing damage, including pathogen infections, environmental shifts, poor fertilization, and incorrect pesticide use, leading to reduced yields.

A Phase I/II Study of GSK525762 Combined with Fulvestrant in Patients with Hormone Receptor-positive/HER2-negative Advanced or Metastatic Breast Cancer.

Purpose: Endocrine-based therapy is the initial primary treatment option for hormone receptor-positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HR+/HER2-) metastatic breast cancer (mBC). However, patients eventually experience disease progression due to resistance to endocrine therapy. Molibresib (GSK525762) is a small-molecule inhibitor of bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) family proteins (BRD2, BRD3, BRD4, and BRDT).

Development and validation of Ran as a prognostic marker in stage I and stage II primary breast cancer.

Purpose: Existing prognostic biomarkers are inadequate for stratifying breast cancer patients with the highest risk of tumor progression at the time of diagnosis. Here, we demonstrate that the small GTPase Ran has predictive value for breast cancer (BC) patients as a whole, and for specific BC subtypes.

Patients And Methods: Ran expression was quantified by immunohistochemistry in 263 patients with primary breast cancer diagnosed at the Breast Unit, Royal Liverpool Hospital.

Postnatal imaging of conjoined twins: a customized multimodality approach.

Medical imaging plays a crucial role in the management of conjoined twins. The role of imaging is to explore the anatomy, outline the shared organs and determine whether surgery is feasible. It also serves as a roadmap for successful separation.

Phase II, Double-Blinded, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial Investigating the Efficacy of Mebendazole in the Management of Symptomatic COVID-19 Patients.

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has spread throughout the world, affecting almost all nations and territories. The current double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, phase II clinical trial sought to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of mebendazole as an adjuvant therapy for outpatients with COVID-19. The patients were recruited and divided into two groups: a Mebendazole-treated group and placebo group.

Material extrusion of thermoplastic acrylic for intraoral devices: Technical feasibility and evaluation.

With global demand for 3D printed medical devices on the rise, the search for safer, inexpensive, and sustainable methods is timely. Herein, we assessed the practicality of the material extrusion process for acrylic denture bases of which successful outcomes can be extended to implant surgical guides, orthodontic splints, impression trays, record bases and obturators for cleft palates or other maxillary defects. Representative materials comprising denture prototypes and test samples were designed and built with in-house polymethylmethacrylate filaments using varying print directions (PDs), layer heights (LHs) and reinforcements (RFs) with short glass fiber.

Fungal-Mediated Silver Nanoparticle and Biochar Synergy against Colorectal Cancer Cells and Pathogenic Bacteria.

Background: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are attractive substrates for new medicinal treatments. Biochar is pyrolyzed biomass. Its porous architecture allows it to hold and gather minuscule particles, through which nanoparticles can accumulate in its porous structure.

Tracking and evaluating motion skills in laparoscopy with inertial sensors.

Background: Analysis of surgical instrument motion is applicable in surgical skill assessment and monitoring of the learning progress in laparoscopy. Current commercial instrument tracking technology (optical or electromagnetic) has specific limitations and is expensive. Therefore, in this study, we apply inexpensive, off-the-shelf inertial sensors to track laparoscopic instruments in a training scenario.